Concrete as Building material
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Building materials by Sourav Zaman, Lecturer Department of Architecture Northern University of Business and Technology
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Good brick earth is composed of 20-30% alumina, 50-60% silica, and small amounts of lime, iron oxide, and magnesia. Alumina provides plasticity while silica prevents cracking. Lime reduces shrinkage and iron oxide provides color. Bricks are classified as sundried or burnt. Burnt bricks are further divided based on quality, with first class being highest quality. Good bricks are uniformly shaped, hard, low absorbing, and have a high crushing strength. Standard tests evaluate properties like absorption, strength, hardness, shape, and soundness.
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Concrete is a versatile building material made by mixing portland cement, water, aggregates like sand and gravel, and sometimes admixtures. It can be easily formed and customized for different uses. Freshly mixed concrete must be workable, meaning it can be easily transported, placed, compacted, and finished without segregating. Workability depends on factors like water content, mix design, and temperature.
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This document discusses concrete, including its composition, manufacturing process, types, properties, and uses. Concrete is a mixture of a binding material like cement or lime, fine aggregates like sand, coarse aggregates like stone, and water. It is made by mixing, placing, and curing the ingredients. Common types include cement concrete, lime concrete, reinforced cement concrete, and pre-stressed concrete. Concrete has advantages like strength, durability, moldability, and cost-effectiveness. As a building material, it is used widely in structures like buildings, dams, bridges, and more.
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The document discusses different types and uses of concrete. It describes three ways concrete can be classified: by binding material (cement or lime concrete), design (plain, reinforced, or pre-stressed concrete), and purpose (vacuum, air entrained, or light weight concrete). For each type, the key ingredients and common uses are provided. The document also covers mix design ratios, water-cement ratios, slump and workability tests, and the compaction factor test for evaluating concrete workability.
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Stones: Building materials
The document discusses different types of stones used in construction. It describes three main classifications of rocks: geological, physical, and chemical. The geological classification includes igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Examples are provided for each type of rock. Physical classification divides stones into stratified, unstratified, and foliated. Chemical classification considers the main chemical constituent, such as silica, clay, or calcium carbonate. Common stones used in construction like granite, basalt, limestone, marble, and slate are then described in detail. The uses, advantages, and disadvantages of natural stones are also summarized. Finally, the document discusses different types of masonry like rubble and ashlar masonry.
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Good brick earth is composed of 20-30% alumina, 50-60% silica, and small amounts of lime, iron oxide, and magnesia. Alumina provides plasticity while silica prevents cracking. Lime reduces shrinkage and iron oxide provides color. Bricks are classified as sundried or burnt. Burnt bricks are further divided based on quality, with first class being highest quality. Good bricks are uniformly shaped, hard, low absorbing, and have a high crushing strength. Standard tests evaluate properties like absorption, strength, hardness, shape, and soundness.
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1. Concrete is a composite material made by mixing cement, fine and coarse aggregates, and water.
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Concrete is a versatile building material made by mixing portland cement, water, aggregates like sand and gravel, and sometimes admixtures. It can be easily formed and customized for different uses. Freshly mixed concrete must be workable, meaning it can be easily transported, placed, compacted, and finished without segregating. Workability depends on factors like water content, mix design, and temperature.
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This document discusses concrete, including its composition, manufacturing process, types, properties, and uses. Concrete is a mixture of a binding material like cement or lime, fine aggregates like sand, coarse aggregates like stone, and water. It is made by mixing, placing, and curing the ingredients. Common types include cement concrete, lime concrete, reinforced cement concrete, and pre-stressed concrete. Concrete has advantages like strength, durability, moldability, and cost-effectiveness. As a building material, it is used widely in structures like buildings, dams, bridges, and more.
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The document discusses different types and uses of concrete. It describes three ways concrete can be classified: by binding material (cement or lime concrete), design (plain, reinforced, or pre-stressed concrete), and purpose (vacuum, air entrained, or light weight concrete). For each type, the key ingredients and common uses are provided. The document also covers mix design ratios, water-cement ratios, slump and workability tests, and the compaction factor test for evaluating concrete workability.
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The document discusses different types of stones used in construction. It describes three main classifications of rocks: geological, physical, and chemical. The geological classification includes igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Examples are provided for each type of rock. Physical classification divides stones into stratified, unstratified, and foliated. Chemical classification considers the main chemical constituent, such as silica, clay, or calcium carbonate. Common stones used in construction like granite, basalt, limestone, marble, and slate are then described in detail. The uses, advantages, and disadvantages of natural stones are also summarized. Finally, the document discusses different types of masonry like rubble and ashlar masonry.
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Mortar is a workable paste used to bind construction blocks together and fill gaps. It is typically made of sand, a binder like cement or lime, and water. Mortar hardens after setting to form a rigid structure. Different types of mortar are used depending on the binder, intended use, and required properties. Cement mortar provides high strength and is used for load-bearing walls. Lime mortar is used above ground, while mud mortar is a cheaper option for ordinary buildings. Special mortars include fire-resistant, lightweight, and sound absorbing varieties.
Mortar
A mortar is a mixture used to bind masonry elements like bricks. It consists of sand, a binding agent like cement or lime, and water. Mortar bonds elements together, allows forces to be transmitted between them, and enables forces to be distributed across surfaces. There are several types of mortar including mud, lime-sand, cement-sand, and cement-lime-sand. The properties of mortar depend on factors like the binder, sand, water and curing used. Mortar must be workable but also develop strength over time.
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The document contains a floor plan and building materials list for the ADP building and foyer. It includes sections about timber, stairs/handrailing, tiles, concrete, and different types of each material. Timber is described as a natural and renewable building material. Stairs and handrails can be made of wood, steel, aluminum or vinyl. Tiles are thin slabs made of materials like ceramic, stone, metal or glass. Floor tiles include natural stone, rubber, plastic and ceramic options. Concrete is a composite material made of water, aggregate and cement.
PRESENTATION ON CONCRETE
Concrete
The word concrete comes from the Latin word "concretus". Which means compact. Now a days concrete is most common and necessary things in our life.
The history of cementing materials together goes back to the time when prehistoric man prepare his cave to build shelter.
He used mud and clay to fill the gap between stone. To keep out the wind and cold.
Later the Assyrians and Babylonians used clay as their bonding substance and straw to make a shape.
The Egyptians used lime and gypsum and crushed stone to create a material that would harden even better.
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This document discusses various clay products used in construction, focusing on bricks, tiles, and roofing. It provides details on the manufacture and properties of bricks, tiles, and different types of clay roofing tiles. Bricks are made from clay or other materials and are used for walls, foundations etc. Tiles are thin clay slabs used for floors and walls, and are made through molding and firing. The document outlines the manufacturing process for tiles and desirable properties for flooring and roofing tiles. It also defines roofing terminology and provides diagrams of wooden roof structures and different types of clay roof tiles.
Bricks
Bricks are rectangular blocks used in masonry construction that are produced in various classes and types depending on the region. There are several types of bricks including sun-dried clay bricks, burnt clay bricks, fly ash bricks, concrete bricks, and engineering bricks. Burnt clay bricks are further classified into four classes based on their quality. Identification of good bricks at construction sites involves checking for uniform color, smooth surfaces, and strength. Bricks provide hardness, compressive strength, and limited water absorption for use in buildings, foundations, and other construction.
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This document discusses different types of bricks and brick bonding techniques. It describes common burnt clay bricks, sand lime bricks, fly ash bricks, AAC bricks, hollow bricks, and bio bricks. Each brick type has different properties like strength, weight, insulation, and environmental impact. The document also examines various brick bonds like stretcher bond, header bond, Flemish bond, English bond, and their structural applications in walls. Different bonding patterns help distribute loads and provide stability in masonry construction.
Cement morter
Cement mortar is a mixture used for masonry construction, such as between bricks. It binds the materials together and provides strength, stability, and durability to building structures. There are different types of mortars including lime, cement, surkhi, and mud mortars. Mortar hardens when it sets, forming an aggregate structure. Concrete is similar but contains coarse aggregates like gravel or stone, in addition to the binding materials, sand, and water. The document discusses the ingredients, mixing, curing, and testing of concrete, including its compressive strength and workability. Aggregates make up the bulk of a concrete mixture and affect its properties.
Timber
Timber can be used as a structural material for construction. It is wood that has been processed after felling trees and before use in construction. Timber is used in housing, commercial buildings, and for interior fittings. There are two main types - alternative timbers which are remanufactured and conventional woods. Timber provides advantages like flexibility, lower costs, and sustainability compared to other materials like steel. However, it is susceptible to decay if exposed to moisture and requires additional design considerations.
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This document summarizes different types of bricks used in construction including clay, fly ash, and glass bricks. It discusses brick sizes, costs, classifications of burnt clay bricks from first to fourth class, and various bonding patterns used when laying bricks, including header, English, and Flemish bonds. It also lists common building elements constructed using bricks such as arches, foundations, columns, and facades.
Fire bricks and sand lime bricks
This document discusses fire bricks and sand lime bricks. It covers what they are, their ingredients, manufacturing processes, types/classifications, uses, and masonry/how to use them.
Fire bricks are made primarily to withstand high temperatures and contain silica, alumina, and other oxides. Their manufacturing process involves selection of materials, preparation, molding, drying, and firing. Sand lime bricks contain sand, lime, and water and are made through a similar process.
The document compares the ingredients and properties of fire bricks and sand lime bricks. It also discusses common defects in bricks and classifications based on quality.
Mortar
Building mortars are mixtures used for jointing bricks, stones, and blocks. They are made by adding water to a mixture of fine aggregates like sand and a binding material such as cement, lime, or gypsum. Mortars are used in brick/stone masonry joints and plastering to bind units together, provide structure strength and durability, and form a protective weather-resistant layer between masonry courses. Common types include cement mortars, lime mortars, and clay/mud mortars.
Clay Products
This document discusses clay products used in building construction. It describes how clay is formed and composed of minerals like kaolinite. Clay is classified based on its formation (residual or transported) and characteristics (china clay, fire clay, vitrified clay, brick clay). Brick clay is most commonly used to manufacture building bricks. The process of brick making involves selecting suitable clay, preparing and molding the clay into bricks, drying the bricks, firing them in kilns, and cooling the finished bricks. The ideal composition of brick clay includes 20-30% alumina, 50-60% silica, and 4-6% iron oxide and lime to provide strength and bind the bricks during firing.
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This document discusses building stones used for construction. It defines building stones as those suitable for structures like retaining walls, abutments, dams, and roads. Building stones must have strength and durability. Stones are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic based on their formation. Common building stones include marble, granite, sandstone, limestone, chalk and laterite. Properties like hardness and durability depend on a stone's mineral composition and resistance to weathering. Stones are obtained from rocks through quarrying and are used in construction in various forms such as rubble, dimension stone, flagstone and crushed stone.
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This document provides an overview of lime as a construction material. It discusses the production of lime by heating limestone, resulting in calcium oxide. Lime is classified as fat lime, hydraulic lime, or poor lime depending on clay content. Fat lime contains 95% calcium oxide and is used for plastering and thin mortar joints. Hydraulic lime sets under water due to clay content and is divided into feebly, moderately, and eminently hydraulic types. Poor lime contains over 30% clay, slakes slowly, and has poor binding properties. The document also defines relevant technical terms and classifications of lime according to the ISI.
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This document provides information on concrete, including:
- Concrete is a mixture of cement, water, and aggregates that hardens over time into a strong building material.
- Proper mixing, placing, and curing of the concrete allows it to gain strength through a process called hydration as it ages.
- Factors like the water-cement ratio, type of aggregates, compaction, and curing affect the properties and strength of hardened concrete.
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This document discusses different types of brick bonding used in wall construction. It describes English bond as having alternating courses of headers and stretchers with closers overlapping at corners for strength. Flemish bond alternates headers and stretchers in each course with closers overlapping. Other bonds discussed include header bond for curved walls, stretcher bond for thin walls, garden wall bond, rat trap bond, and stacked bond. Proper brick bonding is important for the strength and appearance of brick walls.
Bricks
1. Bricks are made from clay and are one of the oldest and most widely used building materials. They are inexpensive, durable, and easy to work with.
2. The document discusses the manufacturing process of bricks including preparing the brick earth by blending clay with additives, molding, drying, and burning the bricks.
3. Bricks are classified based on their quality, strength, size, method of manufacture, and degree of burning. Special types of bricks include perforated, hollow, circular, and paving bricks used for specific construction purposes.
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Mortar is a workable paste used to bind construction blocks together and fill gaps. It is typically made of sand, a binder like cement or lime, and water. Mortar hardens after setting to form a rigid structure. Different types of mortar are used depending on the binder, intended use, and required properties. Cement mortar provides high strength and is used for load-bearing walls. Lime mortar is used above ground, while mud mortar is a cheaper option for ordinary buildings. Special mortars include fire-resistant, lightweight, and sound absorbing varieties.
Mortar
A mortar is a mixture used to bind masonry elements like bricks. It consists of sand, a binding agent like cement or lime, and water. Mortar bonds elements together, allows forces to be transmitted between them, and enables forces to be distributed across surfaces. There are several types of mortar including mud, lime-sand, cement-sand, and cement-lime-sand. The properties of mortar depend on factors like the binder, sand, water and curing used. Mortar must be workable but also develop strength over time.
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The document contains a floor plan and building materials list for the ADP building and foyer. It includes sections about timber, stairs/handrailing, tiles, concrete, and different types of each material. Timber is described as a natural and renewable building material. Stairs and handrails can be made of wood, steel, aluminum or vinyl. Tiles are thin slabs made of materials like ceramic, stone, metal or glass. Floor tiles include natural stone, rubber, plastic and ceramic options. Concrete is a composite material made of water, aggregate and cement.
PRESENTATION ON CONCRETE
Concrete
The word concrete comes from the Latin word "concretus". Which means compact. Now a days concrete is most common and necessary things in our life.
The history of cementing materials together goes back to the time when prehistoric man prepare his cave to build shelter.
He used mud and clay to fill the gap between stone. To keep out the wind and cold.
Later the Assyrians and Babylonians used clay as their bonding substance and straw to make a shape.
The Egyptians used lime and gypsum and crushed stone to create a material that would harden even better.
Construction Techniques using clay products
This document discusses various clay products used in construction, focusing on bricks, tiles, and roofing. It provides details on the manufacture and properties of bricks, tiles, and different types of clay roofing tiles. Bricks are made from clay or other materials and are used for walls, foundations etc. Tiles are thin clay slabs used for floors and walls, and are made through molding and firing. The document outlines the manufacturing process for tiles and desirable properties for flooring and roofing tiles. It also defines roofing terminology and provides diagrams of wooden roof structures and different types of clay roof tiles.
Bricks
Bricks are rectangular blocks used in masonry construction that are produced in various classes and types depending on the region. There are several types of bricks including sun-dried clay bricks, burnt clay bricks, fly ash bricks, concrete bricks, and engineering bricks. Burnt clay bricks are further classified into four classes based on their quality. Identification of good bricks at construction sites involves checking for uniform color, smooth surfaces, and strength. Bricks provide hardness, compressive strength, and limited water absorption for use in buildings, foundations, and other construction.
Types of bricks and its bonds
This document discusses different types of bricks and brick bonding techniques. It describes common burnt clay bricks, sand lime bricks, fly ash bricks, AAC bricks, hollow bricks, and bio bricks. Each brick type has different properties like strength, weight, insulation, and environmental impact. The document also examines various brick bonds like stretcher bond, header bond, Flemish bond, English bond, and their structural applications in walls. Different bonding patterns help distribute loads and provide stability in masonry construction.
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Cement mortar is a mixture used for masonry construction, such as between bricks. It binds the materials together and provides strength, stability, and durability to building structures. There are different types of mortars including lime, cement, surkhi, and mud mortars. Mortar hardens when it sets, forming an aggregate structure. Concrete is similar but contains coarse aggregates like gravel or stone, in addition to the binding materials, sand, and water. The document discusses the ingredients, mixing, curing, and testing of concrete, including its compressive strength and workability. Aggregates make up the bulk of a concrete mixture and affect its properties.
Timber
Timber can be used as a structural material for construction. It is wood that has been processed after felling trees and before use in construction. Timber is used in housing, commercial buildings, and for interior fittings. There are two main types - alternative timbers which are remanufactured and conventional woods. Timber provides advantages like flexibility, lower costs, and sustainability compared to other materials like steel. However, it is susceptible to decay if exposed to moisture and requires additional design considerations.
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This document summarizes different types of bricks used in construction including clay, fly ash, and glass bricks. It discusses brick sizes, costs, classifications of burnt clay bricks from first to fourth class, and various bonding patterns used when laying bricks, including header, English, and Flemish bonds. It also lists common building elements constructed using bricks such as arches, foundations, columns, and facades.
Fire bricks and sand lime bricks
This document discusses fire bricks and sand lime bricks. It covers what they are, their ingredients, manufacturing processes, types/classifications, uses, and masonry/how to use them.
Fire bricks are made primarily to withstand high temperatures and contain silica, alumina, and other oxides. Their manufacturing process involves selection of materials, preparation, molding, drying, and firing. Sand lime bricks contain sand, lime, and water and are made through a similar process.
The document compares the ingredients and properties of fire bricks and sand lime bricks. It also discusses common defects in bricks and classifications based on quality.
Mortar
Building mortars are mixtures used for jointing bricks, stones, and blocks. They are made by adding water to a mixture of fine aggregates like sand and a binding material such as cement, lime, or gypsum. Mortars are used in brick/stone masonry joints and plastering to bind units together, provide structure strength and durability, and form a protective weather-resistant layer between masonry courses. Common types include cement mortars, lime mortars, and clay/mud mortars.
Clay Products
This document discusses clay products used in building construction. It describes how clay is formed and composed of minerals like kaolinite. Clay is classified based on its formation (residual or transported) and characteristics (china clay, fire clay, vitrified clay, brick clay). Brick clay is most commonly used to manufacture building bricks. The process of brick making involves selecting suitable clay, preparing and molding the clay into bricks, drying the bricks, firing them in kilns, and cooling the finished bricks. The ideal composition of brick clay includes 20-30% alumina, 50-60% silica, and 4-6% iron oxide and lime to provide strength and bind the bricks during firing.
stone ppt
This document discusses building stones used for construction. It defines building stones as those suitable for structures like retaining walls, abutments, dams, and roads. Building stones must have strength and durability. Stones are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic based on their formation. Common building stones include marble, granite, sandstone, limestone, chalk and laterite. Properties like hardness and durability depend on a stone's mineral composition and resistance to weathering. Stones are obtained from rocks through quarrying and are used in construction in various forms such as rubble, dimension stone, flagstone and crushed stone.
Lime classification
This document provides an overview of lime as a construction material. It discusses the production of lime by heating limestone, resulting in calcium oxide. Lime is classified as fat lime, hydraulic lime, or poor lime depending on clay content. Fat lime contains 95% calcium oxide and is used for plastering and thin mortar joints. Hydraulic lime sets under water due to clay content and is divided into feebly, moderately, and eminently hydraulic types. Poor lime contains over 30% clay, slakes slowly, and has poor binding properties. The document also defines relevant technical terms and classifications of lime according to the ISI.
Introduction of Concrete
Introduction of Concrete , advantages, Disadvantages, constituents of concrete, type of concrete,summary
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This document provides information on concrete, including:
- Concrete is a mixture of cement, water, and aggregates that hardens over time into a strong building material.
- Proper mixing, placing, and curing of the concrete allows it to gain strength through a process called hydration as it ages.
- Factors like the water-cement ratio, type of aggregates, compaction, and curing affect the properties and strength of hardened concrete.
Brickwork bond ppt
This document discusses different types of brick bonding used in wall construction. It describes English bond as having alternating courses of headers and stretchers with closers overlapping at corners for strength. Flemish bond alternates headers and stretchers in each course with closers overlapping. Other bonds discussed include header bond for curved walls, stretcher bond for thin walls, garden wall bond, rat trap bond, and stacked bond. Proper brick bonding is important for the strength and appearance of brick walls.
Bricks
1. Bricks are made from clay and are one of the oldest and most widely used building materials. They are inexpensive, durable, and easy to work with.
2. The document discusses the manufacturing process of bricks including preparing the brick earth by blending clay with additives, molding, drying, and burning the bricks.
3. Bricks are classified based on their quality, strength, size, method of manufacture, and degree of burning. Special types of bricks include perforated, hollow, circular, and paving bricks used for specific construction purposes.
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Concrete as Building material
- 1. COURSE NO: ARCH 1201 COURSE TITLE: BUILDING MATERIALS Lecture 7 CONCRETE
- 2. CONCRETE
- 3. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz CONCRETE IS AN ARTIFICIAL STONE Binding material + Inert material + Water Cement and lime Aggregates •Fine aggregates •Coarse aggregates Sand and surki Brick khoya, broken stones, gravels, pebbles etc
- 4. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz FUNCTIONS OF AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE Adds volume
- 5. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz 1. To wet the surface of aggregates . 2. To prepare a plastic mixture of various ingredients. 3. Hydration of the cementing materials. FUNCTIONS OF WATER IN CONCRETE
- 6. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE Lime concrete= Lime+Surki+Khoa+Water Cement concrete= Cement+Sand+Khoa+Water 1 2 5 1 2 4 1 3 6 or
- 7. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz Segregation Separation of constituents Two types of separation can occur Separation of groutSize of particles SOME SPECIAL TERMS
- 8. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz Bleeding Rising water to the surface of concrete SOME SPECIAL TERMS
- 9. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz Laitence formation of cement paste at the surface Due to bleeding and bad workmanship SOME SPECIAL TERMS
- 10. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE •Strength Compressive Tensile Flexural Shear •Elastic properties •Fatigue •Durability •Impermeability and •Workability
- 11. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz FACTORS CONTROLLING PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE •Grading of the aggregates •Moisture content of the aggregates •Water-cement ratio •Quality of water for mixing & curing •Proportioning the various ingredients of concrete •Method of mixing •Placing and compaction of concrete •Curing of concrete
- 12. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz PRE-CAST CONCRETE Cast into moulds either in a factory or at the site Hardening & curing are also carried out where it is cast Used in lintels, ornamentation & architectural works in buildings Advantages Better supervision, production not hampered by weather conditions, less shuttering requirements, time of construction is less & quick laying of precast units on site
- 13. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz R.C.C.-REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE Very strong in compression Easy to produce at site and inexpensive Steel is very strong in tension Contain the liquid concrete and give it the form and shape we need. Contains steel bars
- 14. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz P.C.C.-PRE STRESSED CEMENT CONCRETE Concrete remains un-cracked Reduction of steel corrosion Increases durability High span to depth ratio less dead load More economical Builds in compressive stresses during construction
- 15. RECOMENDED REFERENCES Aziz. M. A: Engineering Materials. Smith, R. C: Material of construction. Andres, C. K: Manufactures manuals and brochures,