The document discusses the advancement of civil engineering from ancient to modern times. It covers topics like tools and materials used, design considerations, subfields of civil engineering, and modern innovations. Ancient civil engineering used simple tools like chains and planes, as well as basic materials like stone and wood. Modern civil engineering utilizes advanced computer modeling, safer working conditions, specialized fields like geotechnical and transportation engineering, and new materials and techniques including green concrete, nanotechnology, and earthquake-resistant structures. The document provides an overview of the evolution of the civil engineering field and areas of focus.

1. ADVANCEMENT IN CIVIL
ENGINEERING

2. ANCIENT

3. MODERN

4. TOOLS
 Chains
 Tapes
 Plane Table

5.  TACHEOMETER
 THEODOLITE
 AERIAL SURVEY
INSTRUMENTS

6. PLANNING & DRAWING
 ROUGH PAPER DRAWING
 FAIR WORK & ACTUAL SKETCHING

7. PLANNING & DRAWING
 AUTOCAD
 3D STRUCTURAL
MODELLING
 AUTODESK CIVIL

8.  Arabic designs
 Domes
 Arches
DESIGN

9. INFRASTRUCTURE
 Hard infrastructure
 Soft infrastructure

10. ANCIENT MATERIALS
 Stones
 Woods

11. MODERN MATERIALS
 Reinforced cement concrete
 Bricks
 Timber

12. LABOUR SAFETY
 No gloves
 No shoes
 No costumes

13. MANPOWER SAFETY
 Availability of shoes
 Gloves & glasses
 Helmets

14. Being a broader field civil
engineering is divided into the
following sub-categories and / or
fields.
Rural And
Urban
Planning
Environmental
Geotechnical
Hydraulic
Surveying
Water
Resources
Transportation
Structural Bridge
Timber
Construction
Management Earthquake

15. MAIN DISCIPLINES OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING
 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
 STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
 URBAN PLANNING

16.  D R ILLIN G
 SU RV EY IN G
 MINING
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

17. STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
• Engineering of structures that support or resist
structural loads.
• Major specialties
 Earthquake Engineering
 Wind engineering
 Architectural engineering
 Ocean engineering

18. Earthquake Engineering

19. Wind engineering

20. ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING

21. Ocean engineering

22. • Application of engineering to the improvement & protection of
the environment
• Major specialties
 Municipal engineering
 Hydraulic engineering
 Ecological Engineering
WASTE WATER TREATMENT & ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING

23. TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
• Use of engineering to ensure safe and efficient transportation of people and
goods
• Major specialties
 Highway engineering
 Railway systems engineering

24. GREEN CONCRETE
• Concrete which is made from concrete wastes that are eco-
friendly are called as “Green concrete”.
• Depleting fossil fuel reserves
• Scarcity of raw materials
• Perpetually increasing demand for cements and concretes
• Growing environmental concerns linked to climate change and
an ailing world economy.

25. EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT STRUCTURES
• Minimization of damage to the structure
• Strong and ductile enough to survive the
shaking with an acceptable damage
• To equipping it with base isolation or using
structural vibration control technologies to
minimize any forces and deformations

26. NANOTECHNOLOGY
 Doubles Concrete Strength
 Increases Its Life Span
 Doubles Its Weight
 Reduces The Carbon Footprint

27. MATERIALS SCIENCE
 Good performance of timber beams with respect to applied
loadings.
 Best performance of steels with respect to their carbon
content, i.e. Elasticity.
 Basic on time performance of masonry elements with respect
to the absorption of moisture.

28. URBAN CONSTRUCTION
 Sewerage
 Sanitation

29. FORENSIC LAB TESTING
 Classification Of Materials
 Testing On Materials

30. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
 Prevention from corrosion
 Pollution free

31. PUBLIC SAFETY
 Storing and stacking materials
 Falling objects
 Scaffolding and other access equipment