This document summarizes different types of bricks used in construction including clay, fly ash, and glass bricks. It discusses brick sizes, costs, classifications of burnt clay bricks from first to fourth class, and various bonding patterns used when laying bricks, including header, English, and Flemish bonds. It also lists common building elements constructed using bricks such as arches, foundations, columns, and facades.

1. Bricks
BY :: Yashvant Chotaliya
1

2. BRICK
• A brick is a rectangular shaped block made by various materials such as,
• Fired clay bricks
• Fly ash bricks
• Glass bricks
• Plastic bricks
2
A Half brick wall costs 40-
45rs per sq ft and one brick
wall costs 70-80rs per sq ft

3. The length of brick should be twice its width plus the thickness of one
vertical joint in order that a proper bond may be maintained. Brick in
common use vary in size from 210 to 230mm long by 100 to 115 mm wide
by 38 to 75 mm thick.
Clay bricks are mostly 230 X 115 X 75 mm, using a 10mm joint this gives a
nominal size or format of 240 X 125 X 85 mm.
3
Fired clay brick
4 to 6 rupees
per brick

4. Types and prices
4
8 to 12 rupees
per brick
6 to 8 rupees
per block
Fly ash bricks
3.50 to 6 rupees
per brick

5. USES OF BRICKS
5
1. Construction of walls
2. Construction of
floors.
Minimum 115 mm thick

6. USES OF BRICKS
6
3. Construction of
arches and cornices.
4. Construction of brick
retaining wall.

7. USES OF BRICKS
7
5. Manufacture of
surkhi (powder bricks).
6. Staircase

8. USES OF BRICKS
8
7. Foundation.
8. Masonry
veneer walls.

9. Burnt bricks Unburnt bricks
First class bricks
Second class bricks
Third class bricks
Fourth class bricks
Bricks used in construction works are burnt bricks
and they are classified into the following four
categories.
CLASSIFICATION OF BRICKS
9
12 to 15 rs
8 to 12 rs
5 to 8 rs
3 to 6 rs

10. Tools needed for masonry
10
Plumb bob
Spirit level

11. 11
BRICK BONDS
Header Bond
A brick course laid flat with the short end
of the brick exposed. This method is
particularly strong as the width of the wall
is the whole length of a brick. Historically
it was used for buildings of high quality,
often used for curved brickwork.

12. 12
BRICK BONDS
English Bond
It comprises of alternative courses of
headers and stretchers. It provides a
strong bond when the wall is one brick
thick. It is the preferred bonding pattern
for bridges, viaducts, embankment walls
and other civil engineering architectures

13. 13
BRICK BONDS
Flemish Bond
Flemish bonds can be replicated in the
half-brick outer leaf of a cavity wall by
using whole bricks as stretchers, while the
headers are created by half bricks called
bats or snap-headers. It is not as strong as
English bond at one brick thick.

14. With solid or perforated bricks, the orientation of the brick doesn't matter, but with
frogged bricks, the frog should always be laid uppermost. This ensures that the loading
of the wall is evenly spread across its width, rather than being concentrated onto the
edges, and that there are no voids within the brickwork that could be weak spots.
14
BRICK BONDS

15. 15
Rat trap Bond

16. Masonry
process
16

17. Elements made by bricks
• Arches
• Foundation
• Columns
• Lintels
• Facade
• Vaults
• Domes
• Flooring
• Pathways
• Sitting
• pedestals
17

18. 18
Arches Types

19. Process of making Arch
• Measure span of arch and height of arch
• Make shape of that arch in plywood sheet
• Draw a vertical line perpendicular to the springing
base line from the center point, using an L- square.
This is the position for the keystone. Starting with the
keystone, use the arch's half circle to count how
many bricks will be needed to fill either side.
• Build two pillars on which arch is going to be rest.
19

20. 20
Pillars Wooden or iron frame

21. 21
END