Cold Formed Steel Building Cold Formed Steel Building

1. LECTURE ON
COLD FORMED STEEL BUILDING
UNITY UNIVERSITY
Department of Architecture & Urban Planning
December 2021

2. COLD FORMED STEEL BUILDING

3. CONTENTS
• STEEL – THE MATERIAL
• LIGHT GUAGE STEEL STRUCTURE COMPONENETS
• DESIGN AND BUILD PROCESS
• BUILDING MATERIALS USED
• ADVANTAGES OF COLD FORMED /LGS STRUCTURE
• APPLICATIONS AND DESIGN POSSIBILITIES
• PROJECTS GALLERY

4. STEEL – THE MATERIAL
• STEEL MAKING PROCESS
• HOT ROLLED STEEL vs. COLD FORMED STEEL
• BASIC PROPERTIES OF STEEL

5. Slit
COILS
Rolled
STEEL MAKING PROCESS
Slated Coils
Raw
Material
Heated Stretched

6. FROM COIL TO
COLD FORMED STEEL
Coils go through
Roll forming machine
COLD FORMED STEEL

7. C – SHAPE PROFILE
 WEB Length – 89mm
 FLANGE Length – 41mm
 LIP Length – 11mm
 THICKNESS – 0.55, 0.75, 0.95 mm

8. BASIC PROPERTIES OF STEEL
Strong – highest strength to weight ratio of any building material.
Meets very tough performance standards.
Inorganic – will not rot, warp, split, crack, creep, support mold
growth, or be eaten by termites and other insects
Dimensionally stable – does not expand or contract with
moisture content.
Consistent Material Quality – No regional variance in
composition performance. International standards, global
requirements.
Noncombustible – does not burn and will not contribute fuel
to the spread of a fire.
Earthquake Resistance - Superior seismic performance due
to steel’s ductility.

9. COLD FORMED LIGHT GAUGE STEEL HOUSE COMPONENTS
 WALL
 JOIST
 TRUSS

10. ASSEMBLED WALL

11. ASSEMBLED JOIST TYPES
C section Type
Open Web Type

12. ASSEMBLED TRUSS

13. DESIGN AND BUILD SYSTEM
Design &
Planning
Manufacturing
Transportation
Engineering &
Detailing
Construction Assembly

14. CONSTRUCTION
FOUNDATION WORK

15. CONSTRUCTION
FOUNDATION WORK
CONCRETE SLAB

16. CONSTRUCTION
FOUNDATION WORK
CONCRETE CUBE + SECTION + LGS PANEL

17. CONSTRUCTION
FLOOR COVERING

18. CONSTRUCTION
ASSEMBLY
IN FACTORY or ON SITE

19. CONSTRUCTION
ERECTION
Assembled wall, roof panels and trusses are erected and joined together.

20. CONSTRUCTION
ROOFING WORK

21. CONSTRUCTION
EXTERIOR CLADDING APPLIED

22. CONSTRUCTION
FLOORING

23. CONSTRUCTION
ELECTRICAL AND SANITARY LINE INSTALLATION

24. CONSTRUCTION
INSULATION INSTALLED
 ALLUMINUM FOIL
for Roof Insulation

25. CONSTRUCTION
INSULATION INSTALLED
Insulation for wall can be either ROCKWOOL or GLASSWOOL.

26. CONSTRUCTION
INTERIOR CLADDING APPLIED
DAIKEN Ceiling
Gypsum & Fiber Cement Board

27. CONSTRUCTION
INTERIOR CLADDING APPLIED

28. CONSTRUCTION
WINDOW AND DOOR INSTALLATION

29. CONSTRUCTION
PAINTING

30. CONSTRUCTION
ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL FIXTURE INSTALLATION

31. CONSTRUCTION
SANITARY FIXTURE INSTALLATION

32. CONSTRUCTION
FINISHED PRODUCT

33. CONSTRUCTION
FINISHED PRODUCT
EXTERIOR APPEARANCE
CONCRETE WOOD LIGHT GAUGE STE

34. BUILDING MATERIALS
Fasteners
&
Connectors
Steel
Cladding
Insulation
Flooring
Lining
Roofing

35. BUILDING MATERIALS
FRAMECAD – Approved Galvanized Slit Coil
 FRAMECAD® Steel has a durability of 70 years when used and
maintained in accordance with FRAMECAD® guidelines.
APPLICATION
 For framing construction.
BENEFITS
 The ideal combination of Yield
Strength, Tensile Strength,
Ductility and Elongation,
FRAMECAD Steel ensures
structural integrity of your
project and also maximizes your machines operating efficiency.

36. BUILDING MATERIALS
FASTNER/SCREW
• Specifically designed for the use in CFS framing and construction.
Three main categories
• Framing
• Framing Erection
• Cladding / Lining / Flooring / roofing

37. FRAMING ASSEMBLY
The FRAMECAD® XDrive® is the
only high torque, purpose designed
fastener for use in all cold formed
steel wall, truss and joist
applications.
Sharp Point or Drill Point Options
The propriety of X-Drive shank
design
provides a low profile head while
ensuring head strength and shear
values
BUILDING MATERIALS
FASTNER/SCREW

38. FRAMECAD® Hex Head
used during the erection of pre-
assembled light gauge steel
panels, trusses and joists. The
self tapping drill point is designed
for penetration into heavy gauge
metal.
FRAMECAD® Bracer is a
Phillips head, Drill Point screw.
A metal to metal screw ideal for
steel strapping, bracing and
adding additional strength to
connectors.
Low profile 1mm thick head
FRAMING ERECTION

39. BUILDING MATERIALS
FASTNER/SCREW
CLADDING / FLOORING / LINING
Cladding and Flooring
The XDrive® is the only high torque,
purpose designed fastener for use in
all Cold Formed Steel Cladding/
Linings and Floorings applications .
FRAMECAD® Lining Screw
Fixing internal gypsum board to cold
formed steel Frames.
Phillips head enables cam-out,
preventing overdriving and breaking
the paper surface of gypsum board.

40. BUILDING MATERIALS
CONNECTOR

41. BUILDING MATERIALS
CONNECTOR
BRACKETS – Connections to
Frame
BRACING – Strengthen Frame
Tri Fix
Multi Fix
Twist
Fix
Strap Fix Brace

42. BUILDING MATERIALS
CONNECTOR
PLATE – Connect Frame/ Strengthen Connections
ANCHOR – Connect Frame to Floor/Hold Down Tie &
Washer
Apex Heel Fix Plate

43. BUILDING MATERIALS
ANCHOR BOLT
 The proprietary design of the threads
on the Tighten HD anchor hold the key to
its performance.
 During installation, hardened cutting
teeth at the tip of the anchor undercut
the concrete allowing the rest of the
threads to follow with very little friction.
 The result is a continuous mechanical
interlock between the anchor and base
material that requires little installation
torque.

44. BUILDING MATERIALS
CLADDING
EXTERNAL CLADDING
 Fiber Cement Board
 Fiber Cement Siding/
Weatherboards
 MGO Board
 Plywood
 EGA

45. BUILDING MATERIALS
LINING
 WALL LINING
• Fiber Cement Board
• Gypsum Board
• MGO Board
• Ply Wood
 FLOOR LINING
• High Density Fiber Cement
• MGO Board
• Plywood
 CEILING LINING
• Mineral Fiber Tiles
• Gypsum Board
• MGO Board
• PVC

46. BUILDING MATERIALS
ROOF TILES
EGA Sheet
Stone Chips
covered

47. BUILDING MATERIALS
ROK WOOL INSULATION
 Rockwool is made from volcanic rock melted at high
temperatures and spun into a mat or batt of fine fibres.
 Is popular for its exceptional capability to block noise and
heat.

48. BUILDING MATERIALS
GLASS WOOL INSULATION
 The raw materials, glass and sand are melted at 1550ºC then
spun rapidly and extruded out of small holes to form fibres.
These fibres are then coated with a resin to bind them together
and shaped into batts.

49. ADVANTAGES OF
COLD – FORMED LIGHT
GAUGE
STEEL STRUCTURE

50. ADVANTAGES OF CFS
COST EFFICIENT AND QUICK TO BUILD
• Highest strength-to-weight ratio of any building material.
• Very strong and lightweight = housing frames require less material (compared to
timber).
• completed in ½ -1/3(time for conventional brick and mortar home.)
• Easy to transport and work with.
• Unskilled labor can do the assembly.
• Easier to budget accurately and less material wastage.
• Steel frames stay straight, unlike timber.

51. Efficiency = Housing people faster
Time = Money
Low Cost Housing Solution - 40sqm
1.25 hours production for framing
ADVANTAGES OF CFS
COST EFFICIENT AND QUICK TO BUILD

52. TWICE AS FAST AS CONCRETE
1 Shift = 8
Hours
1 Week =
7 Days x2 Shifts
= 112 Hours
1 Year
50 Weeks =
5600 Hours
6.4 / 40 sqm
houses per shift
90 / 40 sqm
houses per
week
90 / 40 sqm
houses per
week
ADVANTAGES OF CFS
COST EFFICIENT AND QUICK TO BUILD

53. ADVANTAGES OF CFS
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
RECYCLABILITY
• Much of the steel used to make light steel framing is
recycled.
• When a steel frame building is demolished, the steel can
be
recycled.
• Quarter of an acre of mature trees = wood framing for a
typical house.

54. Steel is 100%
recyclable
ADVANTAGES OF CFS
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY

55. ADVANTAGES OF CFS
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
It takes 6 old cars to build
a 140 m2 house

56. ADVANTAGES OF CFS
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• Steel framed buildings can be very energy efficient.
• The strength of steel requires fewer wall studs, so there are fewer
thermal bridges ( uninsulated areas) to transmit heat.
• Steel frame buildings do not settle or warp, so they remain more
airtight.
• The depth of the steel beams provides a wider space for insulation.
• The design flexibility of steel frame buildings enables architects to focus
on energy-efficient housing features.

57. ADVANTAGES OF CFS
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
Half the world’s steel production now takes place in electric
plants that operate exclusively with recycled scrap and
generate no CO2 emissions.
• By-products from steel production are all re-used. For example;
SLAG = for highway construction, and for the manufacture of
cement.
• Steel construction entails the assembly of semi-finished
products in a factory, limiting the noise and disruption of open-
air operations.
• Steel’s light weight allows smaller foundations and less
excavation.

58. ADVANTAGES OF CFS
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
STEEL
FRAMED
CMU TIMBER
FRAMED
Wall Steel
Trusses
Material 4.45 (tons) 68.9 (tons) 2.16 (tons)
24.5 m3 ± 2.5
m3
CO2 Intensity 1.19 /ton 0.08 /ton 1.19 /ton 0.96 /m3
CO2
Emissions
5.30 (Mt) 5.51 (Mt) 2.57 (Mt) 23.5 (Mt)
CO2 Index 1 1.52 4.44
CO2 emissions for steel, CMU and timber houses

59. ADVANTAGES OF CFS
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
• The average landfill consists of approximately 60% construction
debris – mostly concrete, wood and plastic.
• Less than 6% of landfill waste is steel – such as staples, nails in wood and
steel rebar inside concrete chunks
• Debris from a typical wood-framed home accounts for 1.4 m3 of landfill waste,
compared to only 0.1m3 from a steel-framed house.

60. ADVANTAGES OF CFS
DURABLE AND SAFE
• Superior Seismic and Wind Performance.
• Steel will not rot and is immune to termites and other insects.
• Non-combustible and won’t contribute to the spread of a fire.
• Resistant to the effects of severe hurricanes and tornados.
• Less of damage from lightning strikes due to superior earthing characteristics
of steel.
• Doesn’t have to be treated with pesticides, preservatives or glues, so steel
frame houses offer indoor air quality benefits.
• Floors and walls are not be susceptible to moisture build-up, which contributes
to the formation of mould.

61. ADVANTAGES OF CFS
DESIGN FLEXIBILITY
• Steel framing can span greater distances, allowing greater
design flexibility.

62. ADVANTAGES OF CFS
DESIGN FLEXIBILITY
• Interior walls can be placed without load-bearing considerations.
• Any timber frame plan can be easily converted to a steel frame plan,
using 3D modeling software.
• Once completed, steel frame homes can look just like traditionally-
built homes.
• Modifying an existing steel frame building is relatively simply. Interior
walls can be moved without a concern for structural support.

63. CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
COMPARISON BETWEEN
COLD – FORMED STEEL STRUCTURE AND
CONVENTIONAL STRUCTURE( CONCRETE)

64. AREA :
Ground floor = 1339 sqm. (14,415 sq/ft.)
First floor = 1381 sqm. (14,871 sq/ft.)
Second floor = 1381 sqm. (14,871 sq/ft.)
PLANNED PROVISIONS PER UNIT :
1. CLASS ROOM : 15 NOS.
2. PRINCIPAL ROOM : 1 NO.
3. OFFICE ROOM : 1 NO.
4. LAB ROOM : 2 NO.
5. COMPUTER ROOM : 1 NO.
6. TEACHER'S COMMON ROOM : 1 NO.
7. ENTERTAINMENT HALL : 1 NO.
8. SICK ROOM : 1 NO.
9. TOILET : 3 NOS.
10.GENTS TOILET : 3 NOS.
11.LADIES TOILET : 1 NO.
D 2
D 2
W 1
D 2
D 2
D 2
D 2
D 2
D 2
D 2
OPEN COURT
2900 X 22600
W 1
V 1
V 1
V 1
V 1
D 3
D 4
TOILET
L.TOI G.TOI
W 2
W 1
W 1
W 1
W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1
W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1
W 1
W 1
V 1
V 1
V 1
V 1
D 3
W 1
W 1
W 1
W 2
V 1 V 1 V 1 V 1
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
14097.34
10209.08
14097.34
2665.21
4878.65
2665.21
2310.00
2310.00
D 2 D 2
CLASS ROOM - 5
D 3
CLASS ROOM - 3 CLASS ROOM - 2 CLASS ROOM - 1
CLASS ROOM - 6 CLASS ROOM - 7 CLASS ROOM - 8
CLASS ROOM - 4
ENTERTAINMENT HALL
TEACHERS
COMMON ROOM
LIBRARY
LIBRARY
TOILET
SICK ROOM
GENTS
TOILET
LADIES
TOILET
C O R R I D O R 1500 W I D E
C O R R I D O R 1500 W I D E
UP
D 2
D 2
D 2
D 2 D 2
DN
C
O
R
R
I
D
O
R
1500
W
I
D
E
D 2
D 1
D 3
W 1
W 1
D 2
D 2
D 2
D 2
W 1
D 2
D 2
D 2
D 2
D 2
D 2
D 2
OPEN COURT
2900 X 22600
W 1
V 1
V 1
V 1
V 1
D 3
D 4
TOILET
L.TOI G.TOI
W 2
W 1
W 1
W 1
W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1
W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1 W 1
W 1
W 1
V 1
V 1
V 1
V 1
D 3
W 1
W 1
W 1
W 2
V 1 V 1 V 1 V 1
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
14097.34
10209.08
14097.34
2665.21
4878.65
2665.21
2310.00
2310.00
D 2 D 2
CLASS ROOM - 5
D 3
CLASS ROOM - 3 CLASS ROOM - 2 CLASS ROOM - 1
CLASS ROOM - 6 CLASS ROOM - 7 CLASS ROOM - 8
CLASS ROOM - 4
ENTERTAINMENT HALL
TEACHERS
COMMON ROOM
LIBRARY
LIBRARY
TOILET
SICK ROOM
GENTS
TOILET
LADIES
TOILET
C O R R I D O R 1500 W I D E
C O R R I D O R 1500 W I D E
UP
D 2
D 2
D 2
D 2 D 2
DN
C
O
R
R
I
D
O
R
1500
W
I
D
E
D 2
D 1
D 3
W 1
W 1
D 2
D 2
PLAN & DETAIL FOR SCHOOL BUILDING

65. CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
3 STORY SCHOOL BUILDING ( CONVENTIONAL)
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
1 MarkLayoutofAllBlocks
2 MarkCenterlineof1Block(24No.)
3 ExcavationperFoundationPlan
4 PCCforfoundationtrench
5 FormworkforFooting/Plinthbeam
6 FillinginPlinth(Approx.450mmaboveGL)
7 ApplyIPSFlooring
8 Formworkforcolumn
9 Formworkandcastingofgroundfloorcolumns
10 Formworkandcastingoffirstfloorbeamsandslabs
11 Formworkandcastingoffirstfloorcolumns
12 Formworkandcastingofsecondfloorbeamsandslabs
13 Formworkandcastingofthirdfloorcolumns
14 Formworkandcastingofrooffloorbeamsandslabs
16 LayoutofServices(Electricalincludingwirings,switchboardsetccomplete)
19 PlasteringofWall/beambelowplinthlevel
20 FixingofDoors&windowscompletewithfixtures
WEEK
S.NO DESCRIPTION
1

66. CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
3 STORY SCHOOL BUILDING ( COLD-FORMED STEEL )
1 Mark Layout of All Blocks
2 Mark Centerline of 1 Block (24 No.)
3 Excavation per Foundation Plan
4 PCC for foundation trench
5 Formwork for Footing / Plinth beam
6 Filling in Plinth (Approx. 450 mm above GL)
7 Apply IPS Flooring
8 Anchor Bolts & Hold down Bolts as per structural drawings
9 Manufacturing, Fabrication & Erection of ground floor wall panels
10 Manufacturing, Fabrication & Erection of first floor joists
11 Manufacturing, Fabrication & Erection of first floor wall panels
12 Manufacturing, Fabrication & Erection of second floor joists
13 Manufacturing, Fabrication & Erection of third floor wall panels
14 Manufacturing, Fabrication & Erection of Roof trusses including purlins
15 Fix wall External sheathing
16 Layout of Services (Electrical including wirings, switchboards etc complete)
17 Fix wall Internal sheathing
18 Fixing of Roof sheathing
19 Plastering of Wall / beam below plinth level
20 Fixing of Doors & windows complete with fixtures
S.NO
6 7 8
WEEK
DESCRIPTION
1 2 3 4 5

67. • Saves 11 week construction time
• 57.8% increased productivity
• Reduced Labor Cost
• Faster Occupancy
• Fast recovery of investment

68. COLD–FORMED LIGHT GAUGE STEEL
APPLICATIONS
• COMPLETE BUILDING
- With or without sub structure
• RESIDENTIAL
• INDUSTRIAL
• COMMERCIAL
• INSTITUTIONAL
• MODULAR/PORTABLE
• WORKERS’ ACCOMODATION AND OTHER FACILITY
• PARTIAL BULDING
• PARTITION WALL / NON-LOAD BEARING WALL
• EXTENSION
• TRUSS
 HYBRID BUILDING
• OTHERS

69. COLD–FORMED STEEL APPLICATIONS
COMPLETE BUILDING – RESIDENTIAL

70. COLD–FORMED STEEL APPLICATIONS
COMPLETE BUILDING – RESIDENTIAL

71. COLD–FORMED STEEL APPLICATIONS
COMPLETE BUILDING – INDUSTRIAL

72. COLD–FORMED STEEL APPLICATIONS
COMPLETE BUILDING – COMMERCIAL
MULTI STORY
HOTELS

73. COLD–FORMED STEEL APPLICATIONS
COMPLETE BUILDING – INSTITUTIONAL
SCHOOL
HOSPITAL

74. COLD–FORMED STEEL APPLICATIONS
COMPLETE BUILDING – MODULAR/ PORTABLE

75. COLD–FORMED STEEL APPLICATIONS
COMPLETE BUILDING – WORKERS’ ACCOMODATION
AND OTHER FACILITY
MILITARY ACCOMODATION
RELIEF
ACCOMODATION

76. COLD–FORMED STEEL APPLICATIONS
PARTIAL BUILDING – PARTITION WALL

77. COLD–FORMED STEEL APPLICATIONS
PARTIAL BUILDING – TRUSS

78. COLD–FORMED STEEL APPLICATIONS
PARTIAL BUILDING – EXTENSION

79. WITH CONCRETE
WITH RHS
COLD–FORMED STEEL APPLICATIONS
HYBRID BUILDING

80. COLD–FORMED STEEL APPLICATIONS
OTHERS – DECK, STAIR,