Bricks are rectangular blocks used in masonry construction that are produced in various classes and types depending on the region. There are several types of bricks including sun-dried clay bricks, burnt clay bricks, fly ash bricks, concrete bricks, and engineering bricks. Burnt clay bricks are further classified into four classes based on their quality. Identification of good bricks at construction sites involves checking for uniform color, smooth surfaces, and strength. Bricks provide hardness, compressive strength, and limited water absorption for use in buildings, foundations, and other construction.
A brick is a block or a single unit of a ceramic material used in masonry construction. Typically bricks are stacked together or laid as brickwork using various kinds of mortar to hold the bricks together and make a permanent structure.
Bricks are typically produced in common or standard sizes in bulk quantities. They have been regarded as one of the longest lasting and strongest building materials used throughout history.
A brick is a block or a single unit of a ceramic material used in masonry construction. Typically bricks are stacked together or laid as brickwork using various kinds of mortar to hold the bricks together and make a permanent structure.
Bricks are typically produced in common or standard sizes in bulk quantities. They have been regarded as one of the longest lasting and strongest building materials used throughout history.
A detailed presentation on the components, parts , types , usage and application of bricks in brick masonry structures useful for civil engineering students
Gives information about various building materials, classification of buildings, types of loads, building components their functions and nominal dimensions.
properties,Manufacturing, types and features of bricksZeeshan Afzal
Bricks
Definition of bricks
properties of bricks
types of bricks
features of bricks
How bricks are made
Preparation of brick earth
Moulding of bricks
Drying of bricks
Burning of bricks
PREPARATION OF BRICK EARTH
Removal of loose soil:
About 30 cm depth contains a lot of impurities
like organic matter and hence
it should be taken out and thrown away.
Digging, spreading and cleaning:
The earth is then dug out from the ground.
This earth is spread into heaps
about 50 to 150 cm height.
Weathering:
The earth is then exposed to atmosphere for softening.
The period may be Of
few weeks to a season.
Hand moulding
When moulding is done with hand it is called hand moulding.
A wooden rectangular mould made in the shape of a brick is normally used for this purpose.
Machine moulding
The clay is placed in the machine, it comes out through the opening Under pressure.
It is cut to bricks by steel wires fixed into frames.
These bricks are also called wire cut bricks.
DRYING OF BRICKS
contain 7 to 30 percent moisture, depending upon the
forming method.
most of this water is evaporated in dryer chambers
temperatures about 100 ºF to 400 ºF (38 ºC to 204 ºC).
time, is between 24 to 48 hours.
Heat and humidity must be carefully regulated to avoid cracking in the brick.
BURNING OF BRICKS
INTERMITTENT KILN
Highly inefficient & labor-intensive.
Use coal + scavenged fuels
Most common, most primitive, most polluting
Temporary Structures
High Alumina Bricks High alumina bricks from 50% up to 90% alumina
Various selected superior grade aggregates to meet the various service conditions of various types of furnaces like laddie, blast furnace, cement and sponge iron rotary kiln.
Concrete Bricks
These bricks have either pale green or gray color.
these are prepared from a small, dry aggregate concrete which is formed in steel molds by using vibration and compaction.
Fire Brick
A Fire brick is a block of ceramic material
used in masonry construction and sized to be layer with one hand using mortar.
bricks may be made from type of material .
these are built primarily to withstand high heat and also find applications in extreme mechanical, chemical, or thermal stresses.
the brick is widely used as refractory insulating bricks for maintaining insistent temperature.
Light Weight Hollow Blocks
This blocks are used in construction of houses in earthquake prone areas.
These bricks are made of fly ash, cement, lime, gypsum, stone dust etc.
available in different sizes.
hollow concrete blocks is used as substitute for conventional bricks or stones used in construction of buildings. and the blocks' importmant feature
Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction. However, the materials used, the quality of the mortar and workmanship, and the pattern in which the units are assembled can significantly affect the durability of the over all masonry construction.
ENGLISH BOND COMMONLY USED
FLEMISH BOND APPEALING
STRETCHER BOND USED AS PARTITION WALL
HEADER BOND USED WHERE CURVED WALL IS REQUIRED.
RAT TRAP BOND - HAS CAVITY AND ACTS AS THERMAL RESISTANCE TO BUILDING AS WELL AS ECONOMICAL.
An introduction to Arches:-- It explains the basic understanding about Arches before students start drafting in their drawing sheets. This presentation could be shown to first year B.Architecture students to make them a clear idea about Arches.
A small hard block of backed clay that is used to build structure
such as houses and sometimes to make streets ,paths ,etc
Another definition
Molded rectangular block of clay backed by sun or in a kiln until hard and use as a buildings and paving material.
A detailed presentation on the components, parts , types , usage and application of bricks in brick masonry structures useful for civil engineering students
Gives information about various building materials, classification of buildings, types of loads, building components their functions and nominal dimensions.
properties,Manufacturing, types and features of bricksZeeshan Afzal
Bricks
Definition of bricks
properties of bricks
types of bricks
features of bricks
How bricks are made
Preparation of brick earth
Moulding of bricks
Drying of bricks
Burning of bricks
PREPARATION OF BRICK EARTH
Removal of loose soil:
About 30 cm depth contains a lot of impurities
like organic matter and hence
it should be taken out and thrown away.
Digging, spreading and cleaning:
The earth is then dug out from the ground.
This earth is spread into heaps
about 50 to 150 cm height.
Weathering:
The earth is then exposed to atmosphere for softening.
The period may be Of
few weeks to a season.
Hand moulding
When moulding is done with hand it is called hand moulding.
A wooden rectangular mould made in the shape of a brick is normally used for this purpose.
Machine moulding
The clay is placed in the machine, it comes out through the opening Under pressure.
It is cut to bricks by steel wires fixed into frames.
These bricks are also called wire cut bricks.
DRYING OF BRICKS
contain 7 to 30 percent moisture, depending upon the
forming method.
most of this water is evaporated in dryer chambers
temperatures about 100 ºF to 400 ºF (38 ºC to 204 ºC).
time, is between 24 to 48 hours.
Heat and humidity must be carefully regulated to avoid cracking in the brick.
BURNING OF BRICKS
INTERMITTENT KILN
Highly inefficient & labor-intensive.
Use coal + scavenged fuels
Most common, most primitive, most polluting
Temporary Structures
High Alumina Bricks High alumina bricks from 50% up to 90% alumina
Various selected superior grade aggregates to meet the various service conditions of various types of furnaces like laddie, blast furnace, cement and sponge iron rotary kiln.
Concrete Bricks
These bricks have either pale green or gray color.
these are prepared from a small, dry aggregate concrete which is formed in steel molds by using vibration and compaction.
Fire Brick
A Fire brick is a block of ceramic material
used in masonry construction and sized to be layer with one hand using mortar.
bricks may be made from type of material .
these are built primarily to withstand high heat and also find applications in extreme mechanical, chemical, or thermal stresses.
the brick is widely used as refractory insulating bricks for maintaining insistent temperature.
Light Weight Hollow Blocks
This blocks are used in construction of houses in earthquake prone areas.
These bricks are made of fly ash, cement, lime, gypsum, stone dust etc.
available in different sizes.
hollow concrete blocks is used as substitute for conventional bricks or stones used in construction of buildings. and the blocks' importmant feature
Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction. However, the materials used, the quality of the mortar and workmanship, and the pattern in which the units are assembled can significantly affect the durability of the over all masonry construction.
ENGLISH BOND COMMONLY USED
FLEMISH BOND APPEALING
STRETCHER BOND USED AS PARTITION WALL
HEADER BOND USED WHERE CURVED WALL IS REQUIRED.
RAT TRAP BOND - HAS CAVITY AND ACTS AS THERMAL RESISTANCE TO BUILDING AS WELL AS ECONOMICAL.
An introduction to Arches:-- It explains the basic understanding about Arches before students start drafting in their drawing sheets. This presentation could be shown to first year B.Architecture students to make them a clear idea about Arches.
A small hard block of backed clay that is used to build structure
such as houses and sometimes to make streets ,paths ,etc
Another definition
Molded rectangular block of clay backed by sun or in a kiln until hard and use as a buildings and paving material.
Artificial Construction Materials- A beginners presentationPrashant P
Artificial Construction Materials- Materials including commonly used ones as well as new in the industry. Basic Presentation for beginners in the civil engineering field. I had prepared this in the first year of my diploma course.
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
Expert Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) Drafting ServicesResDraft
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Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
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This presentation was made to help designers who work in publishing houses or format books for printing ensure quality.
Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
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White wonder, Work developed by Eva TschoppMansi Shah
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A tale about our culture around the use of fertilizers and pesticides visiting small farms around Ahmedabad in Matar and Shilaj.
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
7. FIRST
CLASS
BRICKS
• First class bricks are good
quality bricks compared to
other classes.
• They are molded by table-
molding and burnt in large
kilns.
• So, these bricks contain
standard shape, sharp edges
and smooth surfaces.
8. SECOND
CLASS BRICKS
• Second class bricks are moderate quality
bricks and they are molded by ground-molding
process.
• These bricks are also burnt in kilns. But
because of ground molding, they do not have
smooth surfaces as well as sharp edges.
• The shape of bricks also irregular due to
unevenness in ground.
• These also will give best results in strength
and durability.
• Smooth plastering is required on the brick
structure
9. THIRD
CLASS
BRICKS
• Third class bricks are poor
quality bricks which are
generally used for temporary
structures like unburnt bricks.
• These are not suitable for
rainy areas.
• They are ground-molded type
bricks and burnt in clamps.
• The surface of this type of
bricks are rough and they
have unfair edges.
10. FOURTH CLASS
BRICKS
• Fourth class bricks are very poor
quality bricks and these are not used
as bricks in the structure.
• They are crushed and used as
aggregates in the manufacturing of
concrete.
• They are obtained by over burning,
because of this they gets overheated
and obtains brittle nature.
• So, they can break easily and not
suitable for construction purpose.
11. 3. FLY ASH
BRICKS
• Fly ash bricks are manufactured using fly ash and
water. These bricks have better properties than clay
bricks and great resistant to freeze thaw cycles.
• These bricks contains high concentration of calcium
oxide which is used in cement production, thus it is
also called as self-cementing brick.
• Fly ash bricks are lightweight and thus it reduces self
weight of structures.The advantages of fly ash bricks
over clay bricks are that they have high fire insulation,
high strength, uniform sizes for better joints and
plaster, lower water penetration, does not require
soaking before use in masonry construction
• Fly Ash Clay Bricks are hi-tech well-improved quality
bricks used for construction of brick masonry
structures. They are used as replacement for normal
clay bricks and has better properties than it. Fly ash
bricks competitive in comparison to the conventional
clay bricks and provide enormous indirect benefits.
• Fly Ash Clay Bricks include fly ash, water, quicklime or
lime sludge, cement, aluminum powder and gypsum.
12. 4. CONCRETE
BRICKS
• Concrete bricks are manufacturing using concrete with ingredients
as cement, sand, coarse aggregates and water. These bricks can
be manufactured in sizes as required.
• The advantages of using concrete bricks over clay bricks are that
they can be manufactured at construction site, reduces quantity of
mortar required, can be manufactured to provide different colors as
pigmented during its production.
• Concrete bricks are used for construction of masonry and framed
buildings, facades, fences, and provide an excellent aesthetic
presence.
• Concrete Bricks are usually placed in facades, fences, and provide
an excellent aesthetic presence. These bricks can be manufactured
to provide different colors if pigments are added during production.
Concrete bricks should not be used in below-ground applications
• Concrete Bricks is a mixture of cement and aggregate, usually
sand, formed in molds and cured. Certain mineral colors are added
to produce a concrete brick resembling clay. Concrete pipe is made
of cement and aggregate and cured as above.
13. 5. ENGINEERING
BRICKS
• Engineering bricks have high compressive
strength and are used special applications
where strength, frost resistance, acid
resistance, low porosity is required.
• These bricks are commonly used for
basements where chemical or water
attacks are prevalent and for damp proof
courses.
• Engineering Bricks are used in civil
engineering and are most suitable for
applications where strength and resistance
to frost attack and water are important.
Example: ground-works, manholes,
sewers, retaining walls and damp-proof
courses.
• Engineering Bricks are a type of brick used
where strength, low water porosity or acid
(flue gas) resistance are needed.
14. 6. Sand Lime or
Calcium Silicate
Bricks
• Calcium silicate bricks are made of sand and lime
and popularly known as sand lime bricks.
• These bricks are used for several purposes in
construction industries such as ornamental works in
buildings, masonry works etc.
• Sand Lime bricks are used for several purposes in
construction industries such as ornamental works in
buildings, masonry works etc.
• Sand Lime Bricks consists of natural raw materials
such as sand, quicklime and water. Sand lime bricks
can be used for exterior and interior walls. They can
be also used with other building materials, for ex-
ample wood, to build a variety of facing brickworks.
16. • To build a good quality structure, observing quality of materials is
important. Here we discuss about how good bricks are identified at
construction site.
• The color of bricks should be bright and uniform.They should be well
burned and having smooth surfaces and sharp edges.Thermal
conductivity of bricks should be less and they should be sound proof.
• They shouldn’t absorb more than 20% by weight when we placed it
in water. When we struck two bricks together, ringing sound should
be delivered.Structure of bricks should be homogeneous and
uniform.
• The bricks should not break when we dropped it form 1m
height.There should not be any scratch left on the brick when we
scratched with finger nail.There should not be any white deposits on
brick, when we soaked it in water for 24 hrs
17. PROPERTIES OF BRICKS
• Following are the properties of bricks which represents the
importance of bricks in construction.
i. Hardness
ii. Compressive strength
iii. Absorption
18. Hardness of Bricks
• A good quality brick will have resistance against abrasion. This
property is called hardness of brick which helps to give
permanent nature of brick structure.
• Because of this property bricks do not damaged by scraping.
19. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF BRICKS
• Compressive strength of BricksCompressive strength or
crushing strength is the property of brick which represent the
amount of load carried by brick per unit area. According to BIS
the minimum compressive strength of brick should be
3.5N/mm2. Crushing strength of bricks reduced when they are
soaked in water.Crushing strength of BricksGrades7 – 14
N/mm2Class A>14N/mm2Class A
20. ABSORPTION OF BRICKS
• Absorption of BricksBricks are generally absorbs water but having
limits.
• Absorption limit percentage by weight for different classes of bricks
is tabulated below.
• Class of BricksWater Absorption
• % by weightHeavy duty bricks (special made)
• Only 5%First class
• 20%Second class
• 22%Third class25%
21. USES OF BRICKS
• Bricks are widely used in construction industry for different
purposes as following.Good quality bricks (1st and 2nd class)
are used in the construction of buildings, tunnels, pitching works
etc.
• 3rd class and unburnt bricks are used for temporary
structures.4th class bricks are used as aggregate for making
concrete.
• Bricks are also used for architectural purposes to give aesthetic
appearance to the structure.
