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Concret Canoe Competition at Vishnu Institute
1. CONCRETE CANOE
VISHNU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada)
VISHNUPUR, BHIMAVARAM - 534202
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
2. COMPETITION OF CONCRETE CANOE
Vishnu Institute of Technology, Bhimavaram.
Canoe Challenge: Every Man Paddles Their Own Canoe
VIT presents a national level concrete canoe race event to be held during a period of
7th March 2024 where the participants have to participate in a team of 6 members and
have to design, analyse, model and cast a light weight of concrete canoe of 2m length
which will complete against other teams in a single rowing race.
3. CONTENTS
1. HISTORY
2. SELECTION OF MATERIAL
3. HULL DESIGN
4. STRUCTURAL DETAILINGS AND DRAWINGS
5. PREPARATION OF MOULD WITH THERMOCOL SHEETS
6. CONSTRUCTION OF CANOE
7. CASTING OF CANOE
8. DEMOULDING OF CANOE
9. BUOYANCY TEST
10.BUDGET
4. HISTORY
The history of construction of concrete boats and canoes extends as far back to World
War II in 1939, however the first concrete boat was constructed in 1848 in France.
Due to the shortage of timber and steel during the World Wars, concrete boats came
into action. The construction of a concrete canoe requires the usage of light weight
concrete where the conventional coarse aggregates are replaced by lightweight
aggregates.
Neglecting the hydrodynamic effects, all boats and ships float on the surface of water
due to their capacity to displace the weight of water with the weight of the boat.
In a Concrete canoe we are using lightweight concrete mixes to enhance the strength
parameters of the canoe along with reducing its weight so that it can acquire the
desired floating property. Usually concrete boats and ships were commercially
constructed using Ferro cement.
5. Since the materials of construction are readily available and cheap many of the Naval
structures were earlier profoundly constructed using concrete. But as time passed by,
the rising of the labour costs and operating difficulties the industry faced lack of
investments which eventually brought it to an abrupt stop.
The efforts to inculcate and develop innovative ideas and Engineering skills by the
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) brought about a turn of events in the
concrete canoe construction process.
Now each year students from various parts of the globe meet and compete with each
other in the National Concrete Canoe Competition (NCCC). This study which was
established to compete in the National Concrete Canoe Competition, deals with the
construction of a concrete canoe having perfect floating property including sufficient
stability and adequate compressive strength.
6. SELECTION OF MATERIAL
• Cement
• Sand
• Cenosphere
• LECA
• Metakaolin
• Super plasticizer
• Glass Fibre Mesh
• Thermocol sheets
7. ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is the most widely used cement in
the world for producing concrete, motor, stucco, and non specially
grouts. OPC has 3 grades based on that we use 53 grade in it. 53
Grade cement is used for fast paced construction were initial strength
is to be achieved quickly. 53 grade cement has fast setting compared
to 43-grade cement. It attains 27 MPa in 7 days compared to 23 MPa
by 43-grade cement.This cement grade is used for specialized works
such as prestressed concrete components, precast items such as
paving blocks, building blocks, bridges, concrete roads, and other
RCC works where the grade of concrete is M 25 and above.
8. GALVANIZED IRON MESH
• Galvanized steel is frequently used to protect
against corrosion of the structural capacity of
plain steel that would be compromised due to
corrosion.
• Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete may be a
significant factor in design, particularly in buried
structures or elements.
• The mesh is made with wire with a diameter
between 0.5 mm and 1 mm.
9. GEO-FIBER MESH
• Drywall finishers use the mesh frequently. In
fact, it is common to replace the paper tape
used to float the joint between two pieces of
drywall.
• The mesh that drywall finishers use comes on
a roll just like paper drywall tape. The added
benefit for the drywall finisher is to roll out
the mesh over a great distance before having
to apply the first coat of joint compound.
10. METAKAOLIN
• Metakaolin (MK) is a product from
dehydroxylation of a clay mineral, kaolinite,
which is very fine powder prepared by firing
in a muffle furnace from room temperature
up to 800°C for 2 hours.
• The ground MK passed through 90 μm B.S.
Sieve.
• Metakaolin is commonly used in the
production of ceramics, but is also used as
cement replacement in concrete.
11. FLY ASH
• Fly ash is a heterogeneous by-product material produced
in the combustion process of coal used in power stations.
• It is a fine grey coloured powder having spherical glassy
particles that rise with the flue gases.
• As fly ash contains pozzolanic materials components
which reach with lime to form cementatious materials.
• Thus Fly ash is used in concrete, mines, landfills and
dams.
• Fly ash can be used effectively in combination with all
types of cements: portland cement, performance cement,
and blended cements.
• The intrinsic densities of the fly ashes were in the range
of 2.7-3.2 g/cc.
12. SUPERPLASTICIZER
• Superplasticizer, which give essential properties of
filling, passing and segregation resistance when placed.
Superplasticizer serves as dispersant, improve flow
characteristic and improves the performance of the
hardened fresh paste.
• Polycarboxylate Ether (PCE) based superplasticizer
were used to reduce water cement ratio without
affecting the workability of the mixture which in turn
enhances the mechanical properties upon replacement.
13. LIGHTWEIGHT EXPANDED CLAY
AGGREGATE(LECA)
• LECA is a versatile material and is utilized in
an increasing number of applications.
• In the construction industry, it is used
extensively in the production of lightweight
concrete, blocks and precast or incast
structural elements.
• LECA is usually produced in different sizes
and densities of 250, 280, 330, and 510
kg/m3
14. CENOSPHERE
• A cenosphere is a lightweight, inert, hollow sphere
made largely of silica and alumina and filled with
air or inert gas, typically produced as a coal
combustion byproduct at thermal power plants.
• The color of cenospheres varies from gray to
almost white and their density is about 0.4–0.8
g/cm3, which gives them a great buoyancy.
19. CONSTRUCTION OF CANOE
• After each of the concrete batches was mixed, test cubes, and unit weight measurements were taken for
quality assurance.
• The first layer of reinforcing mesh was placed and then pressed down so that concrete seeped through the
holes of the mesh. Then, more concrete was poured on the mold until another 2.6 cm of concrete covered the
first layer of reinforcing mesh.
• Concrete was casted up each side of the mold until the concrete began to settle. Twenty-eight days after the
pour, the mold was removed.It was determined in order to safely demould the canoe the mold would need to
be disassembled.
• During the whole mold removal, the team was careful to not put any forces on the canoe, that would cause it
to crack or break.
23. BUOYANCY TEST
• Buoyancy is the upward force of a fluid on an object that is immersed in it.
• Put simply, the more buoyant an object is, the more likely it floats in a fluid. In this activity.
• Buoyancy is related to density of materials.
• If an object is more dense than water, it will tend to sink.
• If it is less dense, it will tend to float.
• The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the water the canoe displaces.
• For example, 50kg canoe would displace 50kg of water.
• A 80kg canoe would displace 80kg of water.
24. CONCLUSION
• The actual replacement of fibre/wood canoes with concrete canoes in the commercial world still stands
far from reality.
• The high material cost and challenges in figuring out the most suitable mix design makes it a hideous
process.
• The suitable mix design proportions for the required compressive strength of concrete can only be
attained through numerous trial and error procedures.
• Further study and research need to be carried out in the field of light weight concrete to ensure low
density without compromising the compressive strength.
• In order to conclude, from this study one can state that the commercial usage of concrete canoes seems
possible with further experimentation and study using materials with lower relative density.
