Construction materials testing (CMT) involves testing materials used in construction projects to ensure quality. The specific tests conducted depend on the materials and project scope, but often include tests of aggregates, cement, concrete, steel reinforcement, and other common construction materials. Standard test methods have been established by organizations like ASTM and ISO. Test results help ensure construction materials meet design specifications and standards.

2. WHAT IS CMT?
Construction Materials Testing (CMT)
is the testing of materials used to build
new projects, add to existing projects, or
amend existing construction projects. The
services involved in a comprehensive CMT
process greatly depends on the project,
the land, and the scope of services.

3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
PROCESSING AND SECURING OF PERMITS AND INSURANCE
[1] Contractors All Risk Insurance & Third-Party Liability and
Workmans Compensation Insurance (CARI).
[2] Other insurances required by the Local Government Unit (LGU) and
Eton Cyberpod Centris (ECC).
[3] Payment of assessed fees as may be required by the LGU, ECC and/or
Regulating Agencies before the implementation of the project.
[4] PPP Center

4. SCOPE OF WORK
CONTRACTOR
• A person or company that undertakes a contract to provide materials or
labor to perform a service or do a job.
• Inspection of the existing job site conditions.
• Shall secure and do all the legwork necessary for all pertinent permits
needed for the Procuring Entity to occupy and use the building.
• Shall be responsible for the safety and safe working practices of its
respective employees, servants, and agents.
• Final cleaning of the work by a reputable building maintenance company
shall be employed by the General Contractor prior to the Procuring
Entity’s final inspection for certification of final acceptance.
• Shall submit details and shop drawings, templates, and schedules required
for the coordination of the work of the various trades.
• Shall have a licensed surveyor to locate benchmarks.

5. SITE WORK
A. VISIT AND ACCEPT SITE, as in:
• Site Clearing
• Removal of improvements above and below grade
B. SITE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
C. TEMPORARY SITE FACILITIES
• Temporary Facilities
• Other Temporary Provisions
D. STORAGE AND FILING OF MATERIALS
• Delivery Storage

6. MATERIAL TESTING
5 MAJOR CATEGORIES:
Measurement of the characteristic and behavior
of materials such as metals, concrete, ceramics, or
plastic under various conditions.
• Mechanical Testing
• Testing for Thermal Properties
• Testing for Electrical Properties
• Testing for Resistance to Corrosion,
Radiation and Biological Deterioration
• Non-destructive Testing
National and International bodies such as International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) with headquarters in Geneva and the American Society for
Testing Materials (ASTM) established these Standard Test Methods.

7. CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
5 TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
An item, materials or supply consumed
or used in a construction project and
incorporated in constructed building or
structure.
●Aggregates
●Steel Reinforcement
●Cement
●Concrete
●Bitumen

8. TEST CARRIED OUT ON DIFFERENT
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
[1] AGGREGATES
• Sieve Analysis
• Water Absorption
• Aggregate Impact Value
• Aggregate Abrasion Value
Aggregate Crushing Value
[2] BITUMEN
• Determining bitumen content
• Determining penetration of bitumen
• Determining softening point of bitumen
• Determining specific gravity of bitumen (0.97 or 1.02)
• Determining marshal stability of bitumen

9. TEST CARRIED OUT ON DIFFERENT
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
[3] CEMENT
• Fineness Test
• Soundness Test
• Consistency Test
• Setting Time Test
[4] CONCRETE
• Slump Test
• Compacting Factor Test
• VeBe Test
• K-Slump Test
TEST OF FRESH CONCRETE TEST OF HARDENED CONCRETE
• Compression Strength Test
• Flexural Strength Test
• Rebound Hammer Test
• Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test

10. TEST CARRIED OUT ON DIFFERENT
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
[5] STEEL REINFORCEMENT
• Tensile Strength Test
• Bend Test
• Re-bend Test
• Shear Test
• Brinell Hardness Test
• Impact Test
• Torsion Test

12. Brief History
The ancient Romans, while quarrying limestone for mortar, accidentally
discovered a silica and alumina bearing mineral on the slopes of Mount
Vesuvius that, when mixed with limestone and burned, produced a cement that
exhibited a unique property: When mixed with water and sand, it produced a
mortar that could harden underwater as well as in the air. In fact, was
stronger when it hardened underwater.
Romans were the inventors of concrete construction
Knowledge of concrete construction was lost with the fall of the Roman Empire,
not to be regained until the latter part of the 18th century.
• Joseph Aspdin, in 1824 patented an artificial cement that he named Portland
cement, after English Portland limestone, whose durability as a building
stone was legendary.
Reinforced concrete, in which steel bars are embedded to resist tensile forces,
was developed in 1850s by
• Frenchman J. L. Lambot, who built several reinforced concrete boats in
Paris in 1854.
• American, Thaddeus Hyatt, who made and tested a number of reinforced
concrete beams.

13. Brief History
Joseph Monier, French Gardener obtained a patent for reinforced
concrete flowerpots in 1867 and wend on to build concrete water
tanks and bridges of the new material.
By this time (placing the reinforcing steel under tension before the
structure supports a load) had also been carried out, although it
remained for Eugene Freyssinet in the 192fls to establish a
scientific basis for the design of prestressed concrete structures.
By the end of 19th century, engineering design methods had been
developed for structures had been built.

14. Concrete
• Universal material of construction
• It does not rot or burn; relatively low in cost
and can be used for every building purpose.
[] Coarse Aggregate
[] Fine Aggregate
[] Cement

15. NOTE:STANDARD - SETTING AGENCIES
ASTM International (formerly the American Society for Testing
and Materials) - is a private organization that establishes
specifications for materials and methods of
construction accepted as standards throughout the United
States.
AASHTO - means American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials.

16. ASTM 136/136M-14
Standard Test Method for
Sieve Analysis of Fine and
Coarse Aggrerates
Equipment used: Set of Sieves
• 4" to 3/4" diameter -
coarse aggregate
• 3/4" and lower - fine
aggregate
ASTM C33/C33M-18
Standard Specification for
Concrete Aggregates
• Fine Aggregate
• Coarse Aggregate
ASTM 70 - 13
Standard Test Method for
Surface Moisture in Fine
Aggregate

17. MAKING AND PLACING CONCRETE
The quality of cured concrete is measured by several criteria:
• Structural columns, beams, and slabs-compressive strength and
stiffness.
• Pavings and floor slabs – flatness, surface smoothness and
abrasion resistance
• Pavings and exterior concrete walls – higher degree of weather
resistance.
• Concrete tanks, dams and walls – water tightness.
The rules for making high-quality concrete are much the same:
• Use clean, sound ingredients;
• mix them in the correct proportions;
• handle the wet concrete properly to avoid segregating its
ingredients; and

18. PROPORTIONING CONCRETE MIXES
• The starting point of any mix design is to establish the desired
workability characteristics of the wet concrete, the desired physical
properties of the cured. concrete, and the acceptable cost of the
concrete.
• Given a proper gradation of satisfactory aggregates, the strength
of cured concrete is primarily dependent on the amount of cement in the
mix and on the water–cement (w-c) ratio.
• The first step in concrete mixing is PROPORTIONING. The proportion
for example 1:2:3.
• Afterwards, the dry mix (fine, followed by cement, and gravel). Then
water is added and being soaked for about a minute or two.
• Although water is required as a reactant in the curing of concrete, much
more water must be added to a concrete mix than is needed for the

19. PROPORTIONING CONCRETE MIXES
• For common concrete applications, absolute water-cement ratios range from
about 0.45 to 0.60 by weight.
• Relatively high w-c ratios are often favored by concrete workers.
• Lower w-c ratios make concrete that is denser and stronger and that shrinks less
during curing.
• During the hardening, or curing, of concrete, the cement combines chemically with
water to form strong crystals that bind the aggregates together, a process
called hydration. During this process, considerable heat, called heat of
hydration, is given off, and, especially as excess water evaporates from the
concrete, the concrete shrinks slightly, a phenomenon referred to as drying
shrinkage.
• The curing process does not end abruptly unless it is artificially
interrupted.
• READY MIXED CONCRETE - Most concrete in is proportioned at central batch plants,
using laboratory equipment and engineering knowledge to produce concrete of the
proper quality for each project.

20. HAND MIXED CONCRETE
For very small jobs, concrete may be mixed at the job site, either
in a small power-driven mixing drum or on a flat surface with shovels.

21. ASTM C143/C1432M-15A
Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
The slump test is a practical means of measuring the workability.
Hydraulic Cement is a product used to stop water and leaks in concrete and
masonry structures.

22. The concrete slump can be classified according to the nature of
concrete fall. There are 3 types of the slump. These are:
• True slump: In a true slump concrete just subsides shortly and
maintain the mould shape. This type of slump is most desirable.
• Shear slump: If one-half of the cone slides down in an inclined
plane, it is called a shear slump. Shear slump indicates lack of
cohesion in the concrete mix. Shear slump may occur in the case of
a harsh mix.
• Collapse slump: In this case, fresh concrete collapses completely.
Zero Slump: If concrete maintains the actual shape of the mould, it
is called zero slump which represents stiff, consistent and almost
no workability.

23. https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=7kgir9mMsqY

24. ASTM CFI4 (C94)
Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
This specification covers ready-mixed concrete manufactured and
delivered to a purchaser in freshly mixed and unhardened state as
hereinafter specified. Test methods for compression, air content, slump,
temperature shall be performed
Some of the advantages of ready-mix concrete that make it a more viable
than preparing the mix at the worksite are:
• Quality and Consistency
• Efficiency
• Environment Friendly
• Convenient Delivery
• Versatility
• Reduced Wastage
• Reduced Life-Cycle Cost
For s strength test, at least two standard test specimens shall be made.

25. ASTM C39 /CONCRETE CYLINDERS/COMPRESSION TESTING
Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete
Specimens
Concrete compressive strength determines whether the concrete placed in a
structure can bear the weight on what’s on top of it, or it will splinter
into a million pieces and cause the structure to collapse.

27. The flexural strength of a material is defined as the maximum
bending stress that can be applied to that material before it yields.
Flexural strength is also known as bending strength, modulus of rupture
or transverse rupture strength.
ASTM C78/C78M-18
Standard Test Method for Flexual Strength (Using Simple Beam with
Third-Point Loading)
The results of this test method may be used to determine compliance with
specifications or as a basis for proportioning, mixing and placement
operations. It is used in testing concrete for the construction of slabs
and pavements.

28. ASTM C1602/C1602M-18
Standard Specification for Mixing Water used in the Production of
Hydraulic Cement Concrete
This specification covers mixing water used in the production of
hydraulic cement concrete. It defines sources of water and provides
requirements and testing frequencies for qualifying individual or combined
water sources.

29. HANDLING AND PLACING CONCRETE
Freshly mixed concrete is not a liquid but a
slurry, a semi-stable mixture of solid suspended in
liquid. If it is vibrated excessively, moved
horizontally for long distances in the forms, or
dropped through constrained spaces, it is likely to
segregate, which means that the coarse aggregate
works its way to the bottom of the form and the water
and cement paste rise to the top. It is prevented by
depositing the concrete, fresh from the mixer, as
close to its final position as possible.

30. CURING A CONCRETE
Concrete cast in formwork is protected from
dehydration on most surfaces by the formwork, but the
top surfaces must be kept moist by repeatedly
spraying or flooding with water, by covering with
moisture-resistant sheets of paper or film, or by
spraying on a curing compound that seals the surface
of the concrete against loss of moisture.

31. CURING A CONCRETE
• After 24 hours- concrete is somewhat wet
• After48 hours- concrete needs more water. Since during
the curing process it undergoes heat of hydration where
in it releases heat and drying shrinkage
• After 7 days- people are allowed
• After 14 days- machineries and equipment are allowed but
not vehicles
• After 21 days- desired strength
• After 28 days- day of maturity

32. Samples of the concrete that are placed in a curing tank,
and is to be tested at its 28th day:

33. Admixtures are ingredients that are added to the concrete batch
immediately before or during mixing. They confer certain beneficial
effects to concrete, including frost resistance, sulfate resistance,
controlled setting and hardening, improved workability, increased
strength. Most admixtures are supplied in ready-to-use liquid form and
are added to the concrete at the plant or at the jobsite.
ADMIXTURE
Concrete admixtures are natural or manufactured chemicals or
additives added during concrete mixing to enhance specific
properties of the fresh or hardened concrete, such as
workability, durability, or early and final strength.

34. A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction
that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them
together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind
sand and gravel together. Cement mixed with fine aggregate
produces mortar for masonry, or with sand and gravel, produces
concrete. Cements are finely ground powders that, when mixed
with water, set to a hard mass.
CEMENT
• How cement is made- Cement is manufactured through a closely
controlled chemical combination of calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron and
other ingredients. Common materials used to manufacture cement include
limestone, shells, and chalk or marl combined with shale, clay, slate,
blast furnace slag, silica sand, and iron ore. These ingredients, when
heated at high temperatures form a rock-like substance that is ground into
the fine powder that we commonly think of as cement.

35. ASTM C150
Standard Specification for Portland Cement
TYPES OF CEMENTS
TYPE I NORMAL
TYPE IA NORMAL, AIR ENTRAINING
TYPE II MODERATE RESISTANCE TO SULFATE ATTACK
TYPE IIA MODERATE RESISTANCE TO SULFATE ATTACK, AIR
ENTRAINING
TYPE III HIGH EARLY STRENGTH
TYPE IIIA HIGH EARLY STRENGTH, AIR ENTRAINING
TYPE IV LOW HEAT OF HYDRATION
TYPE V HIGH RESISTANCE TO SULFATE ATTACK

36. SPECIAL TYPES OF CEMENTS
AIR- ENTRAINING CEMENTS
WHITE PORTLAN CEMENT
EARLY STRENGTH
POZZOLANIC CEMENT
HYDRAULIC CEMENT
SULPHATE RESISTING PORTLAN CEMENT
EXPANSIVE CEMENT

37. DRY MIX WET MIX
cannot be pumped, not
workable much heavier
longer setting time,
decrease in strength
TYPES OF MIX

38. CONCRETE PUMP
BOOM TYPE
- very mobile, limited height, faster set-
up. Boom concrete pumps stay at one particular
position for the entire time of concrete pouring
on a construction project.
- also known as "truck mounted boom pump"

39. LINE TYPE
- need for more manpower,
longer set-up, can achieve higher
places. Line concrete pumps are
compact units that are mainly used
for small construction projects.
- also known as
"trailer/line/stationary pump"

40. ADDITIONAL: ALULOD
- made by scaffolding use of metal roof

41. HOW TO CHOOSE A CONCRETE PUMP?
The concrete pump is selected based on the requirements
of the construction project. A good and right choice of
concrete pump is decides based on the following parameters:
• Manufacturer of the Concrete Pump
• The purpose of Concrete Pump
• The complexity of Construction Project in terms
of casting
• Price and economic factors

42. FORMWORK
- it is general basis of shape of concrete
constructions. Usually made of braced panels of
wood, metal, or plastic.
• There are two elements: body surface and
ribs/support.
• Types: disposable (coco lumber wood) and
reusable (steel and plastic)
- Formwork surfaces that are in contact with
concrete are usually coated with concrete are
also usually coated with a form release
compound, which is an oil, wax or plastic that

43. REINFORCING
The basic theory of reinforced concrete is:
"Put the reinforcing steel where there are
tensile forces in a structural member and
let the concrete resist the compression"

44. PEOPLE IN SITES
[1] Engineers
[2] Laborer
[3] Mason

45. THAT'S ALL
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