The document is a lecture on cement, detailing its composition, properties, classification, and manufacturing processes, including wet and dry methods. It highlights the various applications of cement in construction, such as in masonry, structural elements, and waterproofing. Additionally, it covers different types of Portland cement and special variants used for specific purposes.

1. COURSE NO: ARCH 1201
COURSE TITLE: BUILDING MATERIALS
Lecture 6
CEMENT

2. CEMENT

3. ORDINARY CEMENT CONTAINS
 Lime (Cao)
 Silica (Sco2)
 Alumina (Al2O3)
 Magnesia (MgO)
 Iron Oxide (Fe2O3)
 Calcium Sulphate (CaSo4)
 Sulphur Trioxide &
 Alkalies
“A cementing or binding material used in
engineering construction..”
A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

4.  For under water structures or in wet places
 When great strength and durability is required
 Where mortar or plaster has to set quick and
attain its strength
 Where protective exposed surface is required
against weather, organic or non-organic agents
 For water tightness of structures
 For decorative, ornamental and pointing
works
Why cement is superior to lime?
A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

5. CLASSIFICATION OF CEMENTS
A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz
 Is obtained by burning and crushing
the stones containing clay,
carbonates of lime, carbonate of
magnesia.
 Content clay about 20 to 40 percent.
 very closely eminent hydraulic lime.
 Not so strong as artificial cement
 Is obtained by burning at very high
temperature a mixture of calcareous
and argillaceous materials in correct
proportion.
 Calcined product is known as clinker.
 A small quantity of gypsum is added to
clinker and is known as cement.
Artificial cement
known as Portland Cement
Natural cement
known as Roman cement

6. Manufacturing of cement
•Wet process
•Dry process
A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz
Wet process is divided into three stages
1. Prepetition of cement slurry
2. To obtain cement clinkers
3. To prepare cement

7. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz
Calcareous
Material
Argillaceous
material
WET PROCESS
Mixing
3 1
Crushed in a crushing machine
Put into a wash mill + Water 45%
80-85% materials
should pass through
no. 200 sieve
Slurry is made
Slurry is pumped
into correction silos
Step01

8. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz
WET
PROCESS
Rotary kiln
Inclined steel
cylinder…8-12 feet
diameter, 200-400 ft
length
Coal, oil
or gas
Slurry
Step02

9. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz
WET
PROCESS
Grinding
machine2.5-3% Gypsum
Clinkers
Step03
Water
proof bag
Market
Powder

10. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz
Calcareous
Material
Argillaceous
material
DRY PROCESS
Mixing
3 1
Rotary kiln

11. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz
ROTARY
KILN
CLINKER
COOLER
CLINKER
STORAGE
CLINKER GYPSUM CEMENT+ =
GRINDING

12. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz
Hydration
of cement
Cement constituent
compounds
Hydrous (dry)
state
Different
compounds
have different
hydration rate
PROPERTIES OF CEMENT

13. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz
PROPERTIES OF CEMENT
Setting
of cement
Stiffening of cement
paste
Fluid state Rigid state
False Setting
of cement
Abnormal premature stiffening of
cement within a few minutes of mixing
water

14. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz
PROPERTIES OF CEMENT
Strength of cement
•Tensile
•Compressive
•Flexural
Soundness of cement
Fineness of cement

15. TYPES OF PORTLAND
CEMENT•Ordinary Portland
•Modified Portland
Air entraining Portland
Expanding Portland
•Rapid hardening Portland
•Quick setting Portland
•Low heat Portland
•Sulphate resisting Portland
•Blast Furnace Portland
•Pozzolana Portland
•White Portland cement
Some special Portland cements-
•Colored Portland
•Aluminous Portland
•Antibacterial Portland
A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

16. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz
 Cement mortar for masonry work, plaster, pointing etc
 Concreter for laying floors, roofs and constructing lintels,
beams, weather sheds, stairs, pillars etc.
 Construction of important engineering structure such as
bridges, culverts, dams, tunnels storage reservoirs, light
houses, deckles etc.
 Construction of water tanks, wells, tennis courts, septic
tanks, lampposts, roads, telephone cabins etc.
 Making joints for drains, pipes etc.
 Manufacture of pre cast pipes, piles, garden seats,
artificially designed urns, flowerpots, dustbins, fencing
posts etc.
 Preparation of foundations, watertight floors, footpaths
etc.
USES OF CEMENT

17. RECOMENDED REFERENCES
Aziz. M. A: Engineering Materials.
Smith, R. C: Material of construction.
Andres, C. K: Manufactures manuals and brochures,