The document covers the properties and applications of concrete, including its elasticity, strength, durability, versatility, fire resistance, and cost-effectiveness. It discusses various tests for concrete, environmental benefits such as the albedo effect, and highlights the importance of concrete in construction for buildings, bridges, and other structures. Additionally, it addresses challenges in the construction industry in Pakistan and emphasizes the need for standards and improvements in the field.

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2. MAAZ AHMED NAQVI
WASEEMULLAH
ASADULLAH KHAN
MOHAMMAD HAMMAD KHAN
SHAHRUKH AQEEQ
AHMED ZAKARIA

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4. Elasticity
 Concrete Testing
 Strength and Durability
 Versatility
 Thermal Mass
Albedo effect
Manufacturing and Use of Concrete
Maintenance of concrete
 Fire Resistant
Cost
 Results and effects
 Reference
 Any Questions
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5. The ability of an object or
material to resume its normal
shape after being stretched or
compressed.
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6. GRAPH FOR ELATICITY IN
CONCRETE

7. A mixture of cement ,sand
coarse aggregate and water.
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8. i- Slump Test
Concrete Slump Test: Is a one of test that
usually conducted to measure workability of
fresh concrete.

9. ii- Cube Test:
Concrete Cube Test: Is a test conducted to
determine the strength of concrete.

10. 
•Used in the majority of buildings, bridges,
tunnels and dams for its strength.
•Gains strength over time.
•Not weakened by moisture, mold or pests.
•Concrete structures can withstand natural
disasters such.
i- Strength :

11. •A durable concrete is one that performs
satisfactorily in the working environment.
•Durability of concrete is its ability to resist.
•When exposed to environment durable
concrete is likely to retain its original form,
quality and serviceability during its
lifetime.
ii- Durability :

12. •Versatility allows you to adapt to
many different situations.
•Using concrete in construction is
almost done around the countries
•Concrete is used in several
structures.


13. 
*Thermal mass is the ability of a
material to absorb and store heat
energy.

14. •Concrete walls and floors slow the passage of
heat moving through concrete.
•This reduces energy needs from heating or air-
conditioning.
•A high mass building needs to gain or lose a
large amount of energy to change its internal
temperature.

16. 
•Albedo is a measure of the reflectivity
of a surface.
•The albedo effect when applied to the
Earth is a measure of how much of the
Sun's energy is reflected back into
space.

17. Explanation:
•The high "albedo" of concrete used in
pavements and building walls means more
light is reflected and less heat is absorbed,
resulting in cooler temperatures.
•This reduces the "urban heat island" effect
prevalent in cities today, and hence reduces
energy use for e.g. air-conditioning

18. Image illustration

19. *
Materials used in the manufacture of
precast concrete are:
*Cement
*Sand
*Aggregate
*water

20. *
*Concrete is most commonly used as
construction material.
*It is versatile construction material.
*It is used in heavy weight and light weight
structures.
*It is used in buildings, dams, bridges and even
in highways.

22. 
•The fire resistance is not only dependent
upon the type of concrete but also on the
thickness of the cover reinforcement.

23. •Effect of temperature on the strength of
concrete is not much upto a temperature of
about 250ºc
•Above 300ºc definite loss of strength takes
place.
•Light weight concrete stand up better to
fire than ordinary concrete.

24. Fire resistance image illustration

25. 
•Modern concrete is a very durable
construction material and, if properly
proportioned and placed, will give very
long service under normal conditions
•Concrete is highly durable.

26. •It is frequently ignored once it is in place until
signs of deterioration are evident.
•When concrete begins to lose its ability to
function as designed it requires maintenance.

27. 
Compared to other comparable
building materials, concrete is less
costly to produce and remains
extremely affordable.

28. 
•Concrete work is cost friendly yet durable.
•Concrete work is last longer.
•Historical buildings in Greece are of concrete
and life example of concrete durability.
•Concrete plant install near construction site
which can subtract the transportation cost.

29. 
To calculate cost you need to know:
•Dry concrete cft are.
•Cement, fine aggregate and coarse
aggregate ratio.
•Volume of cement, F.A and C.A in one
bag,farma or truck and dumper.

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Typical Composition by Volume
Cement 7-15%
Water 14-21%
Aggregate 60-80%
Make your own concrete

31. • Concrete is the ultimate solution to the construction.
• Our country Pakistan is lacking in construction industry.
• As far as Pakistan did not emphasize on construction
field and set standards their will be no law for
construction.
• Our neighboring country India already had its standards.
• Over 800,000 ton cum of concrete pour on yearly basis
around the world.
• Private under construction projects in Pakistan did not
benefits the countries economy.

32. 
*http://theconstructor.org/concrete/behaviour-of-
concrete-in-extreme-fire/6769/
*http://www.concretecentre.com/technical_information/p
erformance_and_benefits/fire_resistance.aspx
*http://www.wbcsdcement.org/index.php/about-
cement/benefits-of-concrete
*http://www.cement.ca/en/Concrete-Applications.html
*http://www.yourhome.gov.au/passive-design/thermal-
mass

33. Any Questions ?