This document discusses a project to partially replace cement with glass powder in concrete. Glass powder is rich in silica, which is the binding agent in cement. The project will prepare concrete specimens with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% replacement of cement with glass powder. The specimens will be tested to compare the strength and properties. Using waste glass as a partial cement replacement can provide both economic and environmental benefits by reusing waste material. The results will help evaluate the potential of using glass powder in concrete.

1. SUBMITTED BY:-
SAIB KHAN
SHEHNAWAZ
BRIJESH TIWARI
GAURAV SINGH

2. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is the most widely used building material in construction
industry. Its a homogeneous mixture of cement, fine aggregate, coarse
aggregate and water.
The strength of concrete is mainly depends upon the cement content.
Cement is a finely pulverized material which by itself is not a binder
but develops the binding property as a result of hydration.
The binding nature of cement is due to the presence of silica.

3. ABSTRACT
In this project we are going to replace the cement partially using glass
powder which is rich in silica. Therefore, we have planned to prepare some
numbers of cubes, cylinders and prisms using conventional concrete and
going to test them for its strength and other properties then we are going to
prepare concrete specimens using glass powder at various proportions like 5,
10 and 15%. The casted specimens are tested for its strength. From the test
results, we are going to compare the behavior of glass powder concrete with
conventional concrete. In this work we are going to use waste glasses, so the
cost will be comparatively low when compared with normal concrete.

4. MATERIAL USED
Glass
Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) that in essence, a super-
cooled liquid and not a solid.
Glass can be made with excellent homogeneity in a variety of forms
and sizes from small fibers to meter-sizes pieces.
Primarily glass is made up of sand, soda ash, limestone and other
additives (Iron, Chromium, Alumina, Lead and Cobalt).
Glass has been used as aggregates in road construction, building and
masonry materials.

5. GLASS POWDER

6. ADVANTAGES OF USING GLASS
POWDER IN CONCRETE
The reuse of very finely ground waste glass in concrete has economical and
technical advantages.
If the glass could be ground to a very fine size, it could satisfy the active
pozzolanic behavior.
Glass waste is recognized to be increasing year by year in a large volume from
shops, construction areas and factories.
These waste storage disposals are becoming a serious environmental problem.
Thus usage of waste glass in construction sector is advantageous as the
construction cost decreases.

7. EXPERIMENTAL WORK
The waste glass is collected from various places such as construction sites,
industries, etc.,. Then it is crushed and ground to a size fine enough to achieve its
pozzolanic behavior. cement is now partially replaced by its weight by glass
powder at varying rates such as 5%, 10% and 15%.
Various laboratory tests to determine the specific gravity, consistency, setting time
of normal Portland cement and cement mixed with glass powder at different rates is
carried out. With these results, the control mix, utilizing glass powder replaced as
cement is to be designed for cube, cylinder and prism.
Now, 4 cubes, 4 cylinders -- such as four specimens for each combination – is to be
casted for the whole and cured at room temperature.
At the end of curing period, each specimen is tested for compressive and tensile
strength and the average is recorded.

8. A cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens and can bind other
materials together. The word "cement" can be traced back to
the Roman term opus caementicium, used to describe masonry resembling
modern concrete that was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder.
The volcanic ash and pulverized brick supplements that were added to the
burnt lime, to obtain a hydraulic binder, were later referred to
as cementum, cimentum, cäment, and cement.
Cements used in construction can be characterized as being
either hydraulic or non-hydraulic, depending upon the ability of the cement
to set in the presence of water (see hydraulic and non-hydraulic lime plaster).
CEMENT

9. CEMENT

10. AGGREGATE
Construction aggregate, or simply "aggregate", is a broad category of coarse
particulate material used in construction, including sand,gravel, crushed stone, slag,
recycled concrete and geosynthetic aggregates. Aggregates are the most mined
materials in the world. Aggregates are a component of composite materials such
as concrete and asphalt concrete; the aggregate serves as reinforcement to add
strength to the overall composite material. Due to the relatively high hydraulic
conductivity value as compared to most soils, aggregates are widely used in
drainage applications such as foundation and French drains, septic drain fields,
retaining wall drains, and road side edge drains. Aggregates are also used as base
material under foundations, roads, and railroads. In other words, aggregates are
used as a stable foundation or road/rail base with predictable, uniform properties
(e.g. to help prevent differential settling under the road or building), or as a low-
cost extender that binds with more expensive cement or asphalt to form concrete.

11. COARSE AND FINE AGGREGATE

12. METHODOLOGY
Specific Gravity Of Aggregates Test By Pycnometer:-
(I) Take 2 kg of aggregate. Sample larger than 10mm
(ii)Wash the sample thoroughly to remove finer particle and dust.
(iii) Place the sample in a wire basket and immerse it in distilled water at a
temperature between 22oC and 32oC with a cover of at least 5 cm of water above the
top of the basket.
(iv) Remove the entrapped air by lifting the basket containing the sample 25 mm
above the base of the tank and allowing it to drop per second, care being taken to see
that the sample is completely immersed in water during the operation.
(v) With the sample in water at a temper of 220C-32oC (W).
(vi) Remove the basket and aggregate from water and allow To drain for a few
minutes.
(vii) Empty the aggregate from the basket to a shallow tray.
(viii) Immerse the empty basket in water jolt 25 times and than the weight in water
(w2).
(ix) Place the aggregates in oven at a temperature of 100oC to 110oC for 24+- 0.5
hours.
(x) Remove it from the oven and cool it and find the weight. (w2)

13. Procedure
i) The test sample is dried to a constant weight at a temperature of 110 + 5oC
and weighed.
ii) The sample is sieved by using a set of IS Sieves.
iii) On completion of sieving, the material on each sieve is weighed.
iv) Cumulative weight passing through each sieve is calculated as a percentage
of the total sample weight.
v) Fineness modulus is obtained by adding cumulative percentage of
aggregates retained on each sieve and dividing the sum by 100.
SIEVE ANALYSIS OF COARSE
AGGREGATE TEST

14. REFERENCES
[1 ] Aimin Xu and Ahmad shayam, “Value – added utilization of waste glass
in concrete”, Cement and concrete research, vol.34,81- 89,2004.
[2 ] Carpenter,A.J. and Cramer,C.M, “ Mitigation of ASR in pavement patch
concrete that incorporates highly reactive fine aggregate”, Transportation
Research Record 1668, Paper No. 99-1087,pp.60- 67,1999.
[3 ] Chi sing lam, chi sun poon and Dixon chan, “ Enhancing the performance
of pre – cast concrete blocks by incorporating waste glass – ASR
consideration”, Cement and concrete composites, vol: 29pp, 616-625,2007.
[4 ] Christopher cheeseman, “ Production of sintered light weight aggregate
using waste ash and other industrial residues”, Belgium, 2011.