Classification &nomenclature of organisms
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This document provides an overview of biology and different types of organisms. It begins by defining biology as the study of life and living organisms, and notes that biology can be divided into botany and zoology, the study of plants and animals, respectively. It then discusses the key features of living organisms, including respiration, feeding, excretion, sensitivity, growth, and reproduction. The document also covers classification of organisms, microorganisms like viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi and algae, as well as their structures and importance.
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Get best classification of a bacteria powerpoint templates theme with a very affordable price having creative design and attractive animation to your presentation at templatesforpowerpoint.com
General Characters Of Microorganisms
This document provides information about microorganisms and their classification. It discusses that microorganisms are very small organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses. It also describes the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures, and explains how microorganisms are classified based on their shape, staining properties, nutritional requirements, temperature and pH tolerances, and oxygen requirements. The document highlights different types of microbial reproduction including binary fission.
Bacteria
This document provides information about bacteria. It describes bacteria as among the smallest living organisms that usually band together in colonies and can be autotrophic or heterotrophic. It discusses their basic shapes of rod, round, or spiral and their structures including cell walls, flagella, pili, and capsules. The document also covers how some bacteria move and feed, their importance in industry and nutrient cycles, and how certain bacteria can cause harmful diseases. It emphasizes the need to wash hands and properly store and cook food to avoid pathogenic bacteria.
Harmful and useful of microorganism
Microorganisms can be both harmful and useful. Useful microorganisms are used to make curd, bread, medicines, increase soil fertility, clean the environment, produce vaccines, and commercially produce alcohol and wine. While most bacteria are harmless and some are helpful, certain bacteria and viruses can cause diseases like diarrhea, sore throat, and AIDS in humans, plants and animals. Protozoa can also be either harmless or cause harmful diseases like malaria, and fungi such as yeast are useful for producing bread and cake but require a microscope to be seen.
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brief description about the diversity of living organisms present on earth... this is actually based on a chapter included in NCERT curriculum in class 9th. may be helpful for the students...
Bacteria
Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can exist in three basic shapes - rods (called bacilli), spheres (called cocci), or spirals. They reproduce through binary fission and consume nutrients in various ways. Bacteria are classified based on several factors including their shape, staining properties, oxygen requirements, environment, and cell wall composition. Some key groups of bacteria include phototrophic bacteria, gliding bacteria, sheathed bacteria, and spirochetes.
Micro-oganisms
This document provides an overview of different types of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, yeast, algae, protozoa. It discusses how some microorganisms can cause diseases like athlete's foot, tuberculosis, and chickenpox, but others can be useful in food production, cleaning waste, and creating antibiotics. It also profiles Alexander Fleming, the scientist who discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin, in 1928 and received the Nobel Prize for his work.
Food Preservation
There are various ways to preserve food including bottling, canning, pickling, drying, salting, vacuum packing, cooling, freezing, waxing, boiling, pasteurization, and smoking. Each method works by killing microorganisms through processes like heating, removing moisture, or reducing available oxygen to prevent spoilage. Properly preserved foods can last significantly longer and be consumed out of their regular season.
Bacteria Power Point
Bacteria are very small, ranging from 0.2 to 10 micrometers in size. They have no nucleus or internal compartments and exist as single-celled organisms containing DNA and various cellular structures. Bacteria come in different shapes that aid in their identification, such as rods (bacilli), spirals (spirilla), and spheres (cocci). They can reproduce through binary fission and transfer genetic information between each other. Bacteria play important roles in ecosystems as decomposers, symbionts, and agents of disease.
Antiseptics and disinfectants
The document discusses antiseptics and disinfectants used to kill or inhibit microorganisms. It describes different categories of antiseptics including phenols, alcohols, aldehydes, acids, metallic salts, dyes, and ectoparasiticides. It provides examples of common antiseptics such as iodine, chlorhexidine, and hydrogen peroxide. It also outlines the mechanisms of action, uses, and properties of various antiseptics and disinfectants.
Storage and preservation of food
The document discusses proper food storage and preservation methods to prevent spoilage. It states that microorganisms and improper storage can spoil food, causing health issues. Various traditional methods are described to control microbes and moisture, including sun drying, smoking, salting, and freezing. Commercial techniques like canning and pasteurization use high heat to kill microbes. Proper storage also protects against pests like insects and rats. Controlling moisture, temperature, and microbes through various traditional and commercial methods can prevent food spoilage and ensure long-term availability and safety.
Bacteria Presentation
Bacteria are prokaryotic single-celled organisms that come in three shapes and have a cell wall, cell membrane, and cytoplasm but no nucleus. There are two kingdoms of bacteria: Archaebacteria, which live in extreme environments, and Eubacteria, which live everywhere else, including in and on humans. Bacteria can reproduce asexually through binary fission or sexually through conjugation. They need to obtain food, survive harsh conditions, and have various roles in the living world such as decomposition, nitrogen fixation, and uses in health and medicine.
1.3 useful microorganism
Microorganisms play an important role in decaying dead organisms and enriching the soil. They break down complex compounds into simpler ones that plants can use. Herbivores rely on bacteria in their stomach to digest cellulose from plants. Certain bacteria also live in human intestines and help with digestion while destroying harmful microbes. Some microbes like Penicillium molds produce important antibiotics that can treat diseases. Genetically engineered bacteria can produce vaccines and insulin. Microbes are crucial in agriculture by releasing nitrogen that plants need and in various industries through fermentation processes.
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Classifies organisms
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Kingdom protista
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This document provides information about different kingdoms of living organisms:
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Classification &nomenclature of organisms
- 2. 01
- 3. Sudarshana Elapatha BIOLOGY Biology is the study of life and living organisms.
- 4. Sudarshana Elapatha • Aristotal is considered as the father of biology . • Biology can be divided into two major branches. • BOTANY- study of plants • ZOOLOGY- study of animals
- 5. Sudarshana Elapatha ORGANISMS • The features and functions common to all living things are, • Respiration • Feeding • Excretion • Sensitivity • Growth • Reproduction
- 6. Sudarshana Elapatha CLASSIFICATION • Classification of living organism is the sorting out of living things into groups on the basics of features they have in common, • Levels of classification • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species King Phillip Came Over From Great Spain
- 8. Sudarshana Elapatha KINDS OF ORGANISMS • Their are 5 kingdoms • Monera • Protista • Mycota (Fungi) • Animalia (Animals) • Plantae (Plants) • But we classify the first 3 groups under Micro-organisms Micro-organisms
- 10. Sudarshana Elapatha VIRUSES They do not feed, respire ,excreat or grow. So…..Virus particles are not concidered as cells. But ……. They can be classified as living organisms ..why…? They do reproduce.
- 12. Sudarshana Elapatha • Unlike cellular organisms virus has no nucleus , cytoplasm, cell organelles or cell membrane. • Therefore virus particles are not considered as cells. • But virus do reproduce . • they do this only inside the cells of living organisms, using materials provided by t he hoist cells. • So , viruses are parasites.
- 13. Sudarshana Elapatha VIRAL DISEASES • influenza • rabies • rubella • yellow fever • measles • mumps • chicken pox
- 14. Sudarshana Elapatha BACTERIA .. . Bacteria, single-celled organisms visible only through a microscope. Bacteria live all around us and within us.
- 15. Sudarshana Elapatha STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA • Unicellular & microscopic • The nucleus is not covered with a membrane. • ( Prokaryote) have not organized nucleus • There is a cell wall around the cell made up of mucopolysaccharide. Some bacteria have a slime capsule outside their wall.
- 16. Sudarshana Elapatha STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA
- 17. Sudarshana Elapatha SHAPES OF BACTERIA • Individual bacteria may be Spiral • Spirillum Coma shaped • Vibrio spherical, •Coccus Rod •Bacillus
- 18. Sudarshana Elapatha NUTRITION • Autotrophic – produce their own food • Photosynthetic • Blue –green bacteria • Chemosynthetic • Nitrobactor, Nytrosomonas
- 19. Sudarshana Elapatha NUTRITION • Saprophytic- Digest the food out side of the cell absorb back to the cell. • Most of the bacteria
- 20. Sudarshana Elapatha NUTRITION • Symbiotic - An interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, especially to the advantage of both. • Rhysobium
- 21. Sudarshana Elapatha NUTRITION • Parasite – Live on tissues of organisms and may lead to diseases. • Vibrio cholera
- 22. Sudarshana Elapatha IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIA • Uses • In fermentation – wine, beer , vinegar • Producing enzymes • Decomposition of materials • Producing antibiotics
- 23. Sudarshana Elapatha HARMFUL EFFECT S OF BACTERIA • Cause to diseases • Spoil our food
- 24. Sudarshana Elapatha BACTERIAL DISEASES • Tetanus • Tuberculosis • Pneumonia • Diphtheria • Gonorrhea • Syphilis
- 25. Sudarshana Elapatha PROTOZOA Protozoa, name for animal-like, single-celled organisms
- 26. Sudarshana Elapatha FEATURES • Unicellular • The nucleus is covered with a membrane • Most of them are aquatic • Had flagella , cilia or pseudopodia for locomotion • Nutrition can be Autotrophic , Saprophytic or Parasite .
- 29. Sudarshana Elapatha ALGAE simple, plantlike organisms
- 30. Sudarshana Elapatha FEATURES • All are aquatic. • Contain chlorophyll or other photosynthetic pigment . • Body is a thallus . • Some posses flagella.
- 31. Sudarshana Elapatha KINDS OF ALGAE • Green algae • Brown algae • Red algae • Diatoms
- 32. Sudarshana Elapatha GREEN ALGAE (CHLOROPHYTA) • Habitats close to water – fresh water, sea water and moist soil • Some green algae are microscopic& some are fairly big. • There are uni-cellular as well as multi- cellular form. • Cell wall is made up of cellulose.
- 33. Sudarshana Elapatha • Next to brown algae largest body structure is seen among this red algae. • Gellidium • Gracillaria • The largest body structure is seen among this brown algae. • Laminaria BROWN ALGAE (PHAEOPHYTA)
- 35. Sudarshana Elapatha DIATOMS • Unicellular & microscopic . • Autotrophic • Found in fresh water, sea water& moist soil. • Float feely on water. • Most diatoms are plantktonic.
- 36. Sudarshana Elapatha FUNGI Thousands of different types of fungi grow on and absorb food from substances such as soil, wood, decaying organic matter.
- 37. Sudarshana Elapatha FEATURES • Do not have chloroplasts . • Cell wall made up of chitin. • Fungi have filamentous body shape . • These filaments get together to form a mycelium . • Store food as glycogen. • All of them are heterotrophic.
- 38. Sudarshana Elapatha THE MAIN GROUPS OF FUNGI • Sacharomices • Yeast • Zygomycetes • Mucor • Ascomycetes • Penicillin • Basidiomycetes • Agaricus
- 40. Sudarshana Elapatha NEXT WEEK …..