Bacteria are prokaryotic single-celled organisms that come in three shapes and have a cell wall, cell membrane, and cytoplasm but no nucleus. There are two kingdoms of bacteria: Archaebacteria, which live in extreme environments, and Eubacteria, which live everywhere else, including in and on humans. Bacteria can reproduce asexually through binary fission or sexually through conjugation. They need to obtain food, survive harsh conditions, and have various roles in the living world such as decomposition, nitrogen fixation, and uses in health and medicine.

1. Bacteria!

2. The Bacteria Cell Bacteria are EVERYWHERE! And most bacteria are either harmless or helpful… Bacteria are prokaryotic – … which means…? Prokaryotic cells can accomplish all the tasks necessary for life.

3. Bacteria Shapes Bacteria come in 3 different shapes: Spherical Rod-like Spiral

4. Bacteria Structure Bacteria are cells, too. They have: A cell wall A cell membrane Cytoplasm Genetic Material Flagella/Cilia They don’t have: A nucleus…remember, they are prokaryotic

5. Two Kingdoms of Bacteria Archaebacteria These are ancient bacteria They exist in extreme environments They are anaerobic Eubacteria Live everywhere that archaebacteria don’t (like on and in you!) Some are autotrophic and some are heterotrophic San Francisco Bay Salt Ponds A variety of eubacteria

6. Bacteria Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission Bacteria make exact copies of each other This makes more of the same Sexual Reproduction Conjugation Bacteria combine their genetic material This creates variety in bacteria – but not more

7. Survival Needs Obtaining Food Autotrophic/Photosynthesizing Heterotrophic Respiration Some need O 2 , some don’t Endospore Formation For survival in harsh conditions

8. Bacteria and the Living World (most bacteria are harmless or helpful) Fuel Methane is a gas produced by archaebacteria during respiration Food Do you like?: Cheese Yogurt Apple Cider Olives Sauerkraut Pickles Buttermilk Sour Cream Then you like bacteria! Methane gas power generator

9. Bacteria and the Living World Natural Recycling Bacteria are Decomposers They also convert nitrogen gas in the air into nitrogen that plants need to grow. Clean-up Bacteria are used to clean up: Oil-spills Gasoline leaks Health and Medicine They can keep you healthy! - They help make insulin - Help digestion - Make vitamins