the kingdom of Protista that includes many organisms, and some of these organisms could impact the human life

1. Lab. 7 Zoology 23.2.2017
Kingdom of Protista

2. General characters
• Group of eukaryotic microorganism
• Unicellular
• One of the first groups of living things on Earth. (1.5 billion
years ago.)
• Can cause disease
• Can be parasites

3. General characters
• Has a nucleus.
• Live in watery
environment.
• Generally live as individual
cells.
• Protists vary greatly in
appearance and function.

4. Categories of Protists
• I. Animal-like Protists.
• II. Plant-like Protists.
• III. Fungus-like Protists.

5. Categories of Protists

6. Animal-like Protists
• Protozoan means First Animal.
• Cells contain a nucleus.
• Cells lack a cell wall.
• They are heterotrophs.
• Most can move on their own.

7. Groups of Animal-like Protists
 1. Sarcodines
 2. Ciliates
 3. Flagellates
 4. Sporozoans

8. Taxonomy of Sarcodina
• Kingdom: Protista
• Subkingdom: Protozoa
• Phylum: Sarcomastigophora
• Subphylum: Sarcodina
• Ex: Amoeba proteus (free-living)
• Pseudopods:
• Blob shaped.
• Contractile Vacuoles: controls amount of water inside

9. Characters
• Amoebas reproduce by dividing into two new cells (binary
fission).
• Amoebas can respond to their environment.
• They are sensitive to light and some chemicals.

10. Taxonomy of Sarcodina
 Phylum: Sarcomastigophora
 Subphylum: Sarcodina
 Ex: Entamoeba histolytica (parasite in the intestinal tract of
human)
 cause dysentery, irregular, the cytoplasm recognized into
ectoplasm and endoplasm.

12. Ciliates
• Phylum: Ciliophora
• Class: Ciliatea
• Order: Peniculida
• Family: Parameciidae
• Genus: Paramecium
• Species: Paramecium caudatum, Paramecium bursaria

13. Ciliates
• Slipper shaped
• Oral groove: like the mouth
• Gullet: holds food.
• Food Vacuole: digests food.
• Anal Pore: removes wastes
• 2 Contractile Vacuoles
• 2 Nuclei
• Reproduces by either binary
fission or conjugation.
• Pellicle: tough outer wall.

15. Flagellates
It has 2 classes Phytomastigophorea, and Zoomastigophorea
• Colorless, animal-like protozoans
• Have a Flagellum: a long whip-like structure used for movement.
• Many live in animals
• Symbiosis a close relationship, at least one benefits.
Flagellates may be solitary, colonial (Volvox), free-living (Euglena),
or parasitic (the disease-causing Trypanosoma). Parasitic forms live in
the intestine or bloodstream of the host.

16. Flagellates
• Subphylum: Mastigophora
• Class:Euglenoidea
• Order:Euglenales
• Family:Euglenaceae
• Genus: Euglena
• Ex: Euglena gracilis

18. Sporozoans
• All Sporozans are parasites.
• They feed on cells and body fluids.
• Form from Spores (tiny reproductive cells).
• Pass from one host to another.
• Pass from ticks, mosquitoes or other animals to humans.
• Have asexual and sexual reproduction.

19. Sporozoa (Apicomplexia)
• Phylum: Apicomplexia
• Class: Aconoidasida
• Order: Haemosporida
• Family: Plasmodiidae
• Genus: Plasmodium
Plasmodium falciparum,
Plasmodium malariae,
Plasmodium ovale,
Plasmodium vivax

20. Plasmodium falciparum in Merozoit
stage

21. Characters
Have several stages
• Sporozoite (infect human by mosquito)
• Merozoites (form gametes that unite to form the zygote,
that infect mosquito)
• Causes malaria by the infected female
• Anopheles mosquito.