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This document discusses microorganisms and the diseases they cause. It describes the classification of microorganisms into viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and algae. It then examines different diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa like tuberculosis, cholera, gonorrhea, syphilis, common cold, dengue fever, hepatitis, AIDS, tinea, ringworm and malaria; and the symptoms of each. Finally, it discusses factors that affect microorganism growth and examples of useful microorganisms.
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Chapter 20 notes
Bacteria and viruses are found everywhere on Earth. Bacteria are prokaryotic cells that can be rod-shaped, spiral-shaped, or circular. They reproduce through binary fission or conjugation. Viruses are non-living particles that contain DNA or RNA and reproduce by taking over host cells and forcing them to make more viruses. Bacteria and viruses cause many diseases in humans, but bacteria can also be beneficial as decomposers and in food processing, while vaccines can prevent viral infections.
Microorganisms
The document discusses microorganisms and their characteristics. It defines microorganisms as organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye and explains that they live in any environment. The document then describes the three main types of microorganisms - viruses, bacteria, and fungi. It provides examples of each type and discusses diseases that they can cause, like COVID-19 which is caused by coronaviruses, tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, and rust which affects plants and is transmitted by air and seeds. While some microorganisms are harmful, the document also notes benefits like fertilizing soil and uses in food production and medicine.
Virus and bacteria
Viruses and bacteria are both infectious agents, but they differ in key ways. Viruses are not cells and can only replicate inside host cells, while bacteria are unicellular organisms. Common ways viruses spread include through blood-sucking insects, coughing/sneezing, fecal-oral transmission, sexual contact, and exposure to infected blood. The immune system fights viral infections to eliminate the virus. Bacteria exist in nearly every habitat and environment, and while most bacteria in our bodies are harmless, some species can cause infectious diseases in humans. Bacteria also have important industrial uses like sewage treatment and antibiotic production.
Clinical Microbiology Presentation
Microbiology is the study of microbes such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Microbes can be free-living, parasitic, or commensal. An infection occurs when microbes enter the body, multiply, and cause symptoms. Infections can be classified as subclinical, primary, reinfection, secondary, superinfection, cross, or nosocomial. Bacteria are small, unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls and can be classified by shape, staining properties, and metabolism. Viruses are the smallest parasites and cannot replicate without a host cell. Antibacterials can be classified based on their action, origin, or spectrum and work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis,
Micro organism and diseases
Micro-organisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi are tiny organisms that can cause disease in humans. There are both harmful and useful microbes. Harmful microbes spread diseases through contact with infected individuals or animals. Our immune system protects us from disease by producing antibodies to fight off invading pathogens. Vaccines work by exposing our immune system to weakened forms of viruses and bacteria, allowing it to develop immunity without causing sickness. When many people are vaccinated, it provides herd immunity to protect those who cannot receive vaccines. Proper hygiene and vaccination are important for preventing the spread of disease.
Types of germs
This document discusses the four main types of germs: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. It provides details on each type, including their structure, examples of diseases they cause, and methods of treatment. The types of germs are bacteria (such as Streptococcus), viruses (influenza), fungi (Candida), and protozoa (Plasmodium falciparum, which causes malaria). Antibiotics treat bacterial infections, antivirals treat viral infections, antifungals treat fungal infections, and antiprotozoals treat protozoan infections. Maintaining healthy habits can help prevent infection from these disease-causing germs.
Bacterial Disease
The document discusses how bacteria can cause disease in humans by entering a host, reproducing within the host, and damaging host tissues. It then provides details on the various ways bacteria can be transmitted between hosts, including through droplets, contaminated food/water, and vectors. The document also examines how bacteria reproduce rapidly in favorable conditions and calculates the potential growth within a school day. Finally, it discusses several pathogenic protozoa like Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia that can be transmitted through contaminated water and cause diseases like dysentery.
Mycology ,diseases caused by fungi
This document provides an overview of fungi. It discusses that fungi are chemoheterotrophs that can be aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Most fungi are decomposers, while some are plant or animal parasites. Fungi have filamentous hyphae that make up the mycelium and can reproduce sexually through spores or asexually through fragmentation or spore formation. There are several medically important phyla of fungi, including zygomycota, ascomycota, and basidiomycota. The document also describes different types of fungal diseases.
Recommended
Chapter 20 notes
Bacteria and viruses are found everywhere on Earth. Bacteria are prokaryotic cells that can be rod-shaped, spiral-shaped, or circular. They reproduce through binary fission or conjugation. Viruses are non-living particles that contain DNA or RNA and reproduce by taking over host cells and forcing them to make more viruses. Bacteria and viruses cause many diseases in humans, but bacteria can also be beneficial as decomposers and in food processing, while vaccines can prevent viral infections.
Microorganisms
The document discusses microorganisms and their characteristics. It defines microorganisms as organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye and explains that they live in any environment. The document then describes the three main types of microorganisms - viruses, bacteria, and fungi. It provides examples of each type and discusses diseases that they can cause, like COVID-19 which is caused by coronaviruses, tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, and rust which affects plants and is transmitted by air and seeds. While some microorganisms are harmful, the document also notes benefits like fertilizing soil and uses in food production and medicine.
Virus and bacteria
Viruses and bacteria are both infectious agents, but they differ in key ways. Viruses are not cells and can only replicate inside host cells, while bacteria are unicellular organisms. Common ways viruses spread include through blood-sucking insects, coughing/sneezing, fecal-oral transmission, sexual contact, and exposure to infected blood. The immune system fights viral infections to eliminate the virus. Bacteria exist in nearly every habitat and environment, and while most bacteria in our bodies are harmless, some species can cause infectious diseases in humans. Bacteria also have important industrial uses like sewage treatment and antibiotic production.
Clinical Microbiology Presentation
Microbiology is the study of microbes such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Microbes can be free-living, parasitic, or commensal. An infection occurs when microbes enter the body, multiply, and cause symptoms. Infections can be classified as subclinical, primary, reinfection, secondary, superinfection, cross, or nosocomial. Bacteria are small, unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls and can be classified by shape, staining properties, and metabolism. Viruses are the smallest parasites and cannot replicate without a host cell. Antibacterials can be classified based on their action, origin, or spectrum and work by inhibiting cell wall synthesis,
Micro organism and diseases
Micro-organisms like bacteria, viruses, and fungi are tiny organisms that can cause disease in humans. There are both harmful and useful microbes. Harmful microbes spread diseases through contact with infected individuals or animals. Our immune system protects us from disease by producing antibodies to fight off invading pathogens. Vaccines work by exposing our immune system to weakened forms of viruses and bacteria, allowing it to develop immunity without causing sickness. When many people are vaccinated, it provides herd immunity to protect those who cannot receive vaccines. Proper hygiene and vaccination are important for preventing the spread of disease.
Types of germs
This document discusses the four main types of germs: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. It provides details on each type, including their structure, examples of diseases they cause, and methods of treatment. The types of germs are bacteria (such as Streptococcus), viruses (influenza), fungi (Candida), and protozoa (Plasmodium falciparum, which causes malaria). Antibiotics treat bacterial infections, antivirals treat viral infections, antifungals treat fungal infections, and antiprotozoals treat protozoan infections. Maintaining healthy habits can help prevent infection from these disease-causing germs.
Bacterial Disease
The document discusses how bacteria can cause disease in humans by entering a host, reproducing within the host, and damaging host tissues. It then provides details on the various ways bacteria can be transmitted between hosts, including through droplets, contaminated food/water, and vectors. The document also examines how bacteria reproduce rapidly in favorable conditions and calculates the potential growth within a school day. Finally, it discusses several pathogenic protozoa like Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia that can be transmitted through contaminated water and cause diseases like dysentery.
Mycology ,diseases caused by fungi
This document provides an overview of fungi. It discusses that fungi are chemoheterotrophs that can be aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Most fungi are decomposers, while some are plant or animal parasites. Fungi have filamentous hyphae that make up the mycelium and can reproduce sexually through spores or asexually through fragmentation or spore formation. There are several medically important phyla of fungi, including zygomycota, ascomycota, and basidiomycota. The document also describes different types of fungal diseases.
Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology
Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology is a peer-reviewed, open access journal published by Austin Publishers. It provides easy access to high quality manuscripts in all related aspects of two major sub branches of Microbiology namely Bacteriology: the study of Bacterial Mycology& the study of fungus. The Journal focuses upon the identification, classification, characterization of bacterial/fungal species and the infections and health issues caused by these dreadful bacteria and fungus.
Austin Publishing Group is a successful host of more than hundred peer reviewed journals, open access journals in various fields of science and technology with intent to bridge the gap between academic and research access.
Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology journal accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, mini reviews, rapid communication, opinions and editorials in all related aspects of Bacterial Mycology & Fungal Species.
Bacterial infections
Bacteria can spread through airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing, contact with contaminated surfaces or fluids, or interaction with other living beings. They are classified based on microscopic appearance and staining properties. Risk factors for bacterial infections include medical history, treatments, lifestyle, occupation, and travel history.
Bacteria viruses
This document provides information about bacteria and viruses from a biology class. It defines bacteria as prokaryotic, unicellular organisms that have all the characteristics of living things. Viruses are not considered living as they require a host cell to replicate. The document outlines the structures of bacteria and viruses and how they cause disease. It describes how antibiotics can treat bacterial but not viral infections, while antivirals and vaccinations can respectively treat and prevent certain viral infections. The best way to avoid sickness is emphasized as practicing good hygiene.
Classification & properties of fungi
M. Sc., Microbiology Study Material (Semester-I, General Microbiology)
Department of Microbiology, School of Bioscience,
Periyar University, Salem.
Bacterial & Viral Reproduction
Viruses multiply by entering a host cell and forcing it to produce more viruses. There are two ways viruses can multiply - actively, where the host cell is destroyed as it produces new viruses, or latently, where the viral DNA incorporates into the host cell's DNA and is copied as the cell divides without immediately destroying the cell. Vaccines work by introducing a weakened form of the virus to stimulate an immune response and prevent disease from the full virus.
2010 for ninaa
Micro-organisms can be divided into 4 main groups: bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. Bacteria are the smallest and most primitive of these microbes, lacking nuclei and existing as single cells or colonies. Viruses are even smaller and simpler, able to replicate only inside host cells. More complex microbes include protozoa, which have true nuclei, and fungi, which resemble primitive plants. An overview of bacterial structure, classification, and important pathogenic species is provided, highlighting bacteria's role in causing infectious disease. The document also discusses how bacteria can become pathogenic and how the human body defends against infection.
Viruses
Viruses are non-living particles that can only reproduce inside living cells. They come in various shapes and sizes, with diameters ranging from 20-200 nanometers. Viruses are classified as parasites because they destroy the host cell during reproduction. They have either a protein coat containing genetic material or a protein coat surrounding an inner core and genetic material. Viruses attach and enter host cells using unique proteins that match receptors on certain host cell types. Once inside, the virus takes over the cell's functions to produce more viral proteins and genetic material, filling the cell until it bursts and releases new viruses. Some viruses remain dormant inside the host cell's DNA until certain triggers cause them to become active again.
Infection in hospitals
The document discusses infections in hospitals. It defines an infection and describes how they can spread in healthcare settings through contact with bodily fluids, feces, contaminated food or water, or surfaces. Common sources of infection in hospitals are from other patients, visitors, or hospital staff. Bacterial, viral, fungal and prion infections are described along with their symptoms. The importance of infection control practices in healthcare settings like cleaning, disinfection and sterilization are discussed to prevent the spread of infections.
Microbiology By Sumayya Naseem
The document provides an introduction to microbiology and classification of microorganisms that can infect the human body and cause disease. It discusses the five major groups of infectious agents: bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminthes. For each group, it describes examples of pathogens, how they are classified, and diseases they can cause in the eye, including conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, optic neuritis, and others. It covers morphological classification of bacteria, gram staining, oxygen requirements, as well as viral, fungal, protozoan and parasitic diseases of the eye.
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The document discusses different types of infections. It describes that an infection is caused by the invasion of pathogens into the body's tissues. Infections can be caused by various infectious agents like viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and arthropods. The document then discusses specific types of infections in more detail, including viral infections like HPV and influenza, bacterial infections like cholera and pneumonia, and fungal infections like ringworm. It also outlines the body's three lines of defense against infections - mechanical, chemical, and immune defenses.
Ppt on micro organsims 1
This document discusses different types of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. It provides examples of common microorganisms like E. coli, salmonella, HIV, and ebola. The document explains that microorganisms are too small to see with the naked eye and require a microscope. It describes the different shapes of bacteria and notes that fungi include yeast and molds. The document also discusses where microorganisms can be found, examples of harmful and harmless microorganisms, and diseases caused by bacteria and viruses.
Virus
A virus is an infectious agent made up of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat called a capsid. Viruses have no cell structure of their own and rely on hijacking the cellular machinery of host cells to replicate. They are parasites that infect organisms like bacteria and humans and can cause diseases like HIV. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA but not both and reproduce by injecting their nucleic acid into host cells to replicate their components and assemble new viral particles.
Classification of Fungi. Superficial Mycoses & Systemic Mycoses. Dermatophyte...
This document discusses medical fungi that can cause superficial and systemic mycoses. It covers the general characteristics of fungi including their morphology, classification, and modes of infection. Specific types of mycoses are described such as dermatophytoses caused by fungi like Trichophyton that infect the skin, hair, and nails. Deeper mycoses like sporotrichosis that infect subcutaneous tissue via minor trauma are also outlined. The document provides details on laboratory diagnostics and culturing of different fungi as well as antifungal therapies.
Classification of fungi by g
This document classifies fungi into different divisions, subdivisions, and classes. It places fungi into two main divisions: Myxomycota and Eumycota. Eumycota is further divided into five subdivisions: Mastigomycotina, Zygomycotina, Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina, and Duteromycotina. Each subdivision contains different classes of fungi, such as Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and others known to cause diseases in plants and other organisms.
Micro organisms
This document discusses micro-organisms and their classification. It describes that micro-organisms can be harmful or useful. Harmful microbes like bacteria and viruses can cause diseases such as tuberculosis, cholera, and common cold in humans. Useful microbes like yeast are used to make bread and beer, while other bacteria and fungi improve soil fertility and break down dead organic matter. The document provides details on the characteristics, diseases caused, and symptoms of some common pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
Bacteria1
Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that can have unique structures like capsules, pili, and flagella. They come in different shapes like coccus, bacillus, and spirillum. Some bacteria form endospores to survive harsh conditions. Bacteria play important environmental and digestive roles, and can be treated with antibiotics, disinfectants, heat or radiation. Viruses are not considered living and contain nucleic acids and proteins; they invade host cells to replicate and are transmitted through various means. Both bacteria and viruses can cause infectious diseases if not properly contained.
Bacteria and virus Notes
Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that can have unique structures like capsules, pili, and flagella. They come in different shapes like coccus, bacillus, and spirillum. Some bacteria form endospores to survive extreme environmental conditions. Bacteria play important environmental and industrial roles like sewage disposal and genetic engineering. While some cause disease, others in the human body aid digestion and produce vitamins. Viruses consist of genetic material and proteins but are not living without a host cell. They invade hosts and hijack cellular mechanisms to replicate. Both bacteria and viruses can transmit diseases via various routes. Antibiotics treat bacterial but not viral infections.
Microbes
Microbes are tiny organisms that are too small to see without a microscope. They are found everywhere and come in different shapes. The four major groups of microbes are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. While some microbes cause disease, many are harmless or even beneficial to humans. Bacteria are single-celled microbes that can be round, rod-shaped, or spiral. Viruses are not cells and consist of genetic material surrounded by protein, and they cause disease by invading and taking over host cells. Fungi are primitive plants that include mushrooms and molds, and some fungi are useful in food production. Protozoa are single-celled animal-like microbes that usually cause disease
Bacteria
This document provides information about bacteria. It describes bacteria as among the smallest living organisms that usually band together in colonies and can be autotrophic or heterotrophic. It discusses their basic shapes of rod, round, or spiral and their structures including cell walls, flagella, pili, and capsules. The document also covers how some bacteria move and feed, their importance in industry and nutrient cycles, and how certain bacteria can cause harmful diseases. It emphasizes the need to wash hands and properly store and cook food to avoid pathogenic bacteria.
Microorganisms
Viruses are very small pathogens that can only reproduce inside host cells. They have either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat. Viruses cause many common diseases but cannot be treated with antibiotics since they are not technically living things. Bacteria are single-celled organisms that have cell membranes and walls but no nucleus. While some bacteria are helpful, others can cause diseases and are treated with antibiotics. Fungi form their own kingdom and come in both single and multi-celled forms. They feed by secreting enzymes and absorbing nutrients and act as decomposers by breaking down dead material.
Animal diseases 4
Animal diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, genetic defects, and poor nutrition. Common bacterial diseases include anthrax, tetanus, and salmonella. Viral diseases are difficult to treat and include foot and mouth disease and influenza. The immune system provides defenses against pathogens through physical barriers, white blood cells, antibodies, and memory cells that enable faster responses. Vaccines help produce immunity by exposing animals to similar but weakened pathogens. Preventing the spread of disease involves quarantine, vaccination, clean facilities, and selective breeding.
Chapter 19 lecture- Viruses & Bacteria
The document discusses bacteria and viruses. It describes that prokaryotes like bacteria are classified into eubacteria and archaebacteria based on cell wall composition. Viruses require a living host cell to reproduce and can cause lytic or lysogenic infections. Bacteria and viruses can cause diseases in humans and plants through various mechanisms.
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Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology
Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology is a peer-reviewed, open access journal published by Austin Publishers. It provides easy access to high quality manuscripts in all related aspects of two major sub branches of Microbiology namely Bacteriology: the study of Bacterial Mycology& the study of fungus. The Journal focuses upon the identification, classification, characterization of bacterial/fungal species and the infections and health issues caused by these dreadful bacteria and fungus.
Austin Publishing Group is a successful host of more than hundred peer reviewed journals, open access journals in various fields of science and technology with intent to bridge the gap between academic and research access.
Journal of Bacteriology and Mycology journal accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, mini reviews, rapid communication, opinions and editorials in all related aspects of Bacterial Mycology & Fungal Species.
Bacterial infections
Bacteria can spread through airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing, contact with contaminated surfaces or fluids, or interaction with other living beings. They are classified based on microscopic appearance and staining properties. Risk factors for bacterial infections include medical history, treatments, lifestyle, occupation, and travel history.
Bacteria viruses
This document provides information about bacteria and viruses from a biology class. It defines bacteria as prokaryotic, unicellular organisms that have all the characteristics of living things. Viruses are not considered living as they require a host cell to replicate. The document outlines the structures of bacteria and viruses and how they cause disease. It describes how antibiotics can treat bacterial but not viral infections, while antivirals and vaccinations can respectively treat and prevent certain viral infections. The best way to avoid sickness is emphasized as practicing good hygiene.
Classification & properties of fungi
M. Sc., Microbiology Study Material (Semester-I, General Microbiology)
Department of Microbiology, School of Bioscience,
Periyar University, Salem.
Bacterial & Viral Reproduction
Viruses multiply by entering a host cell and forcing it to produce more viruses. There are two ways viruses can multiply - actively, where the host cell is destroyed as it produces new viruses, or latently, where the viral DNA incorporates into the host cell's DNA and is copied as the cell divides without immediately destroying the cell. Vaccines work by introducing a weakened form of the virus to stimulate an immune response and prevent disease from the full virus.
2010 for ninaa
Micro-organisms can be divided into 4 main groups: bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. Bacteria are the smallest and most primitive of these microbes, lacking nuclei and existing as single cells or colonies. Viruses are even smaller and simpler, able to replicate only inside host cells. More complex microbes include protozoa, which have true nuclei, and fungi, which resemble primitive plants. An overview of bacterial structure, classification, and important pathogenic species is provided, highlighting bacteria's role in causing infectious disease. The document also discusses how bacteria can become pathogenic and how the human body defends against infection.
Viruses
Viruses are non-living particles that can only reproduce inside living cells. They come in various shapes and sizes, with diameters ranging from 20-200 nanometers. Viruses are classified as parasites because they destroy the host cell during reproduction. They have either a protein coat containing genetic material or a protein coat surrounding an inner core and genetic material. Viruses attach and enter host cells using unique proteins that match receptors on certain host cell types. Once inside, the virus takes over the cell's functions to produce more viral proteins and genetic material, filling the cell until it bursts and releases new viruses. Some viruses remain dormant inside the host cell's DNA until certain triggers cause them to become active again.
Infection in hospitals
The document discusses infections in hospitals. It defines an infection and describes how they can spread in healthcare settings through contact with bodily fluids, feces, contaminated food or water, or surfaces. Common sources of infection in hospitals are from other patients, visitors, or hospital staff. Bacterial, viral, fungal and prion infections are described along with their symptoms. The importance of infection control practices in healthcare settings like cleaning, disinfection and sterilization are discussed to prevent the spread of infections.
Microbiology By Sumayya Naseem
The document provides an introduction to microbiology and classification of microorganisms that can infect the human body and cause disease. It discusses the five major groups of infectious agents: bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and helminthes. For each group, it describes examples of pathogens, how they are classified, and diseases they can cause in the eye, including conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, optic neuritis, and others. It covers morphological classification of bacteria, gram staining, oxygen requirements, as well as viral, fungal, protozoan and parasitic diseases of the eye.
Infection- Msc VI sem Immunology and Toxicology
The document discusses different types of infections. It describes that an infection is caused by the invasion of pathogens into the body's tissues. Infections can be caused by various infectious agents like viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and arthropods. The document then discusses specific types of infections in more detail, including viral infections like HPV and influenza, bacterial infections like cholera and pneumonia, and fungal infections like ringworm. It also outlines the body's three lines of defense against infections - mechanical, chemical, and immune defenses.
Ppt on micro organsims 1
This document discusses different types of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. It provides examples of common microorganisms like E. coli, salmonella, HIV, and ebola. The document explains that microorganisms are too small to see with the naked eye and require a microscope. It describes the different shapes of bacteria and notes that fungi include yeast and molds. The document also discusses where microorganisms can be found, examples of harmful and harmless microorganisms, and diseases caused by bacteria and viruses.
Virus
A virus is an infectious agent made up of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat called a capsid. Viruses have no cell structure of their own and rely on hijacking the cellular machinery of host cells to replicate. They are parasites that infect organisms like bacteria and humans and can cause diseases like HIV. Viruses either contain DNA or RNA but not both and reproduce by injecting their nucleic acid into host cells to replicate their components and assemble new viral particles.
Classification of Fungi. Superficial Mycoses & Systemic Mycoses. Dermatophyte...
This document discusses medical fungi that can cause superficial and systemic mycoses. It covers the general characteristics of fungi including their morphology, classification, and modes of infection. Specific types of mycoses are described such as dermatophytoses caused by fungi like Trichophyton that infect the skin, hair, and nails. Deeper mycoses like sporotrichosis that infect subcutaneous tissue via minor trauma are also outlined. The document provides details on laboratory diagnostics and culturing of different fungi as well as antifungal therapies.
Classification of fungi by g
This document classifies fungi into different divisions, subdivisions, and classes. It places fungi into two main divisions: Myxomycota and Eumycota. Eumycota is further divided into five subdivisions: Mastigomycotina, Zygomycotina, Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina, and Duteromycotina. Each subdivision contains different classes of fungi, such as Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and others known to cause diseases in plants and other organisms.
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Classification of Fungi. Superficial Mycoses & Systemic Mycoses. Dermatophyte...
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Micro organisms
This document discusses micro-organisms and their classification. It describes that micro-organisms can be harmful or useful. Harmful microbes like bacteria and viruses can cause diseases such as tuberculosis, cholera, and common cold in humans. Useful microbes like yeast are used to make bread and beer, while other bacteria and fungi improve soil fertility and break down dead organic matter. The document provides details on the characteristics, diseases caused, and symptoms of some common pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
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Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that can have unique structures like capsules, pili, and flagella. They come in different shapes like coccus, bacillus, and spirillum. Some bacteria form endospores to survive harsh conditions. Bacteria play important environmental and digestive roles, and can be treated with antibiotics, disinfectants, heat or radiation. Viruses are not considered living and contain nucleic acids and proteins; they invade host cells to replicate and are transmitted through various means. Both bacteria and viruses can cause infectious diseases if not properly contained.
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Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that can have unique structures like capsules, pili, and flagella. They come in different shapes like coccus, bacillus, and spirillum. Some bacteria form endospores to survive extreme environmental conditions. Bacteria play important environmental and industrial roles like sewage disposal and genetic engineering. While some cause disease, others in the human body aid digestion and produce vitamins. Viruses consist of genetic material and proteins but are not living without a host cell. They invade hosts and hijack cellular mechanisms to replicate. Both bacteria and viruses can transmit diseases via various routes. Antibiotics treat bacterial but not viral infections.
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Microbes are tiny organisms that are too small to see without a microscope. They are found everywhere and come in different shapes. The four major groups of microbes are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. While some microbes cause disease, many are harmless or even beneficial to humans. Bacteria are single-celled microbes that can be round, rod-shaped, or spiral. Viruses are not cells and consist of genetic material surrounded by protein, and they cause disease by invading and taking over host cells. Fungi are primitive plants that include mushrooms and molds, and some fungi are useful in food production. Protozoa are single-celled animal-like microbes that usually cause disease
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This document provides information about bacteria. It describes bacteria as among the smallest living organisms that usually band together in colonies and can be autotrophic or heterotrophic. It discusses their basic shapes of rod, round, or spiral and their structures including cell walls, flagella, pili, and capsules. The document also covers how some bacteria move and feed, their importance in industry and nutrient cycles, and how certain bacteria can cause harmful diseases. It emphasizes the need to wash hands and properly store and cook food to avoid pathogenic bacteria.
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Viruses are very small pathogens that can only reproduce inside host cells. They have either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat. Viruses cause many common diseases but cannot be treated with antibiotics since they are not technically living things. Bacteria are single-celled organisms that have cell membranes and walls but no nucleus. While some bacteria are helpful, others can cause diseases and are treated with antibiotics. Fungi form their own kingdom and come in both single and multi-celled forms. They feed by secreting enzymes and absorbing nutrients and act as decomposers by breaking down dead material.
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Animal diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, genetic defects, and poor nutrition. Common bacterial diseases include anthrax, tetanus, and salmonella. Viral diseases are difficult to treat and include foot and mouth disease and influenza. The immune system provides defenses against pathogens through physical barriers, white blood cells, antibodies, and memory cells that enable faster responses. Vaccines help produce immunity by exposing animals to similar but weakened pathogens. Preventing the spread of disease involves quarantine, vaccination, clean facilities, and selective breeding.
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2) Microorganisms can be divided into dangerous types that cause disease and useful types employed in industries like food production.
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This document discusses various animal diseases including bacterial, viral, parasitic, and non-infectious diseases. It describes how diseases are spread, the body's immune response to fight off pathogens, and methods to prevent disease such as vaccination, quarantine, and selective breeding practices. Key points covered include the types of bacteria and viruses that cause illness, how antibodies are produced during active and passive immunity, pioneers in vaccine development like Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur, and common diseases stemming from nutritional deficiencies or toxins.
Overview of Principles and Applications while Preventing the Animal Diseases.
This document provides an overview of principles and applications for preventing animal diseases. It discusses various types of disease prevention including primordial, primary, and tertiary prevention. It also describes common disease types caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and protozoa. The document outlines the basic requirements for disease prevention and control like correct diagnosis, monitoring, and surveillance. It explains immune response and how vaccines provide active or passive immunity. In conclusion, it stresses the importance of education, planned prevention efforts, accurate diagnosis and treatment, vaccination, quarantine, and health promotion activities to control animal diseases.
MICRO-ORGANISMS.pptx
This document provides an introduction to microbiology and common microorganisms. It discusses that microbiology is the study of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. Most microorganisms are too small to be seen without a microscope. The document classifies microorganisms and describes some of the most common types like bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. It provides details on the structure and characteristics of different microorganisms and how they are identified.
Grade 11
1. The document discusses the biodiversity of plants, classifying them into four kingdoms: Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.
2. It explains the characteristics of each kingdom, including their reproductive structures and cycles. Bryophytes reproduce via spores while vascular plants like ferns, conifers, and flowering plants reproduce via spores or seeds.
3. Angiosperms have evolved the closest relationship with other organisms through flower pollination and fruit/seed dispersal. Their seeds are protected within an ovary and later fruit structure.
Bacteria
This document provides an overview of bacteria. It begins by defining bacteria and discussing their discovery. It then covers the characteristics of bacteria, including their size, shape, reproduction methods, and habitats. The document also summarizes methods of classifying bacteria based on morphology, oxygen needs, staining properties, heat tolerance, and pathogenicity. Finally, it outlines the structure of bacteria and discusses both the beneficial and harmful effects of bacteria.
Bacteria.pdf
Microbes known as bacteria have simpler cell structures than many other types of creatures. One DNA loop serves as their command hub and houses all of their genetic data. Instead of a nucleus, some bacilli contain an additional ring of genetic material called a plasmid. Genes that offer the bacterium a competitive edge over other bacilli are frequently found on the plasmid. For instance, it could have a gene making the bacilli immune to a specific antibiotic.
According to their fundamental morphologies, bacilli can be divided into five groups: spherical (cocci), rod-shaped (bacilli), spiral-shaped (spirillum), comma-shaped (vibrio), or corkscrew-shaped (spirochetes). They may occur as single cells, pairs, chains, clusters, or chains of cells.
Unicellular creatures, like contemporary bacteria, were likely one of the first species to develop on Earth. Since then, over thousands of years, life has developed into a wide variety of life forms. However, we can still identify this single-celled organism as our ancestor.
Every ecosystem on Earth has bacilli , including soil, rock, seas, and even polar snow. Some creatures live in or on other living things, such as plants, animals, and people. In the human body, there are around ten times more bacterial cells than human cells. These bacterial cells are prevalent in the digestive system's lining. Some bacilli are found in the soil or on dead plant matter, where they are vital to the nutrient cycle. Others are immensely helpful in the manufacture of fermented foods like yoghurt and soy sauce, while certain species ruin food and harm crops. There are very few bacilli that are pathogens or parasites that afflict plants and animals with illness.
Bacteria Definition
According to Wikipedia, "Bacilli are prokaryotic, unicellular organisms without a true nucleus and a few organelles."
Ultrastructure of a Bacteria Cell
Bacilli are noted for having straightforward body plans. Bacilli are prokaryotic creatures because they are single-celled microorganisms without a nucleus or other cell organelles.
They are also exceptionally adaptable creatures, able to endure in hostile environments. Extremophiles are such creatures. Extremophiles are further divided into many categories according to the habitats they live in:
Thermophiles Acidophilus
Alkaliphiles
Osmophilia
Basophiles
Cryophiles
The protective cell wall of bacteria, which is composed of a unique protein called peptidoglycan, is another intriguing aspect of bacteria. A crucial foundation for dividing bacteria is provided by the elements of the bacterial cell wall. The only other place this specific protein may be found in nature is in the bacterial cell walls.
Classification of Bacilli
Based on their traits and characteristics, bacteria may be divided into a number of types. The following factors are mostly used to classify bacteria:
Cell wall composition and shape
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Chapter 1 form5
- 1. Microorganisms and Their Effects on Living Things
- 2. 1.1 The Classification of Microorganisms Microorganisms are tiny organisms which can only be seen under a microscope. The characteristics include their appearance, shape, size, method of reproduction, nutrition and habitat
- 4. VIRUSES Viruses are the smallest microorganisms Structure: consist of strands of nuclei acid (DNA) They are 2 types of shape: Helical Polyhedral
- 5. Viruses do not make their own food. They obtain food from animals, plants and some bacteria They are parasites They attached to host cell.
- 7. Bacteria Microscopic organisms that can be found everywhere Simplest single-celled organisms Bacteria are surrounded by tough cell wall Cell wall support the cell and maintains its shape
- 8. Bacteria have hundreds of pilli Pilli enable bacteria to stick to certain surfaces Some bacteria also have a tail called flagellum that help them to remove Shapes of bacteria Spherical: cocci Long chain: streptococci Bunches of grapes: staphylococci
- 9. Comma shape: vibrios Spiral shape: spirilla Some bacteria carry out photosynthesis, some live as parasites and some live as saprotrophs Reproduce asexually: Binary fission budding
- 11. Fungi Various sizes Plant that do not have chlorophyll Various shapes such as filament and sphere Reproduce through: budding – yeast Spore formation - mucor
- 12. Live Can as parasite or saprophytes be found in dark and damp places
- 13. Protozoa Various sizes ad shapes Unicellular animals Reproduce through binary fission Live as : saprophytes : Amoeba and Paramecium Parasites : Plasmodium Can be found in fresh water and damp places
- 15. Algae Various sizes and shapes Unicellular or multicellular Reproduce through binary fission Live as autotrophs Can be found in damp areas that receive sunlight
- 18. Factors that affect the growth of microorganisms Nutrition Temperature Humidity Light pH
- 20. Disease caused by bacteria Tuberculosis Cholera Gonorrhea syphilis
- 21. Tuberculosis Caused by bacilli bacteria Affect other organ such as lymph nodes, bones and joints Symptoms: chest pain, fever, sweating at night, weight loss Cholera Caused by vibrios bacteria Transmitted by water or food that has been contaminated with the faeces Symptoms: diarrhoea, vomitting and fatigue
- 23. Gonorrhea Sexual transmitted disease caused by cocci bacteria (in 1 to 14 days after infection) burning sensation when urinating accompanied by some discharge Syphilis Sexual transmitted disease caused by spirilla bacteria Red pimples, rashes, fever, headache, hair loss.
- 25. Disease caused by viruses Common cold Dengue fever Hepatitis AIDS
- 26. Common cold Caused by viral infection of the mucous membrane, air passage or lungs. May spread to the ears, sinuses and eyes Spread to the lung that cause bronchitis and pneumonia Dengue fever Caused by distinct virus carried by mosquitoes Causes fever, efes aches, pain in the muscle and joints Sometime causes very low blood pressure and weak pulse
- 28. AIDS Caused by HIV viruses Symptoms: tiredness, fever, loss of appetite and weight Infected by pneumonia, tuberculosis, Kaposi’s sarcoma Hepatitis Disease of the liver Caused by alcohol and drugs Symptoms: urine become dark, jaundice. Live failed to function
- 30. Disease caused by fungi Tinea Ringworm
- 31. Tinea White spot on facial, body, hand and feet Ringworm Red area on the body Skin become red and scaly
- 33. Disease caused by protozoa Malaria Caused by Plasmodium Transmitted by female Anopheles mospuito Fever with reach 410C Attack in 2 or more hours Symptoms: headache, muscle pain, nausea and feeling chill