Classical China
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The Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties dominated early Chinese history. [1] The Zhou dynasty established feudalism and saw technological advances like iron and silk production. [2] It declined as regional kings fought for power. [3] The Qin dynasty then unified China under Qin Shihuangdi, establishing reforms like standardized currency and written language while connecting the Great Wall and building the Terra Cotta Army.
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
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Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Classical China
- 1. Three Early Chinese Dynasties Zhou, Qin, Han
- 2. I. The Zhou Dynasty โ 1028 B.C. โ 256 B.C. A. The Zhou conquered the last Shang king around 1028 B.C. 1. Zhou rulers claimed the Mandate of Heaven (heavenโs approval) 2. They established a feudal system (feudalism) a. Kings gave land to nobles in exchange for loyalty b. peasants worked land in exchange for protection
- 3. King Nobles Peasants Merchants Grants use of land to nobles in exchange for loyalty Give loyalty and armies to the king Work the land for the nobles in exchange for shelter, protection, and food Lower status than peasants because riches come from otherโs work Chinese feudal system developed under the Zhou dynasty
- 4. B. Zhou technological advances 1. Major advancement = use of iron 2. cast iron = stronger weapons & farming tools; increased production 3. invented crossbow 4. invented silk cloth โ becomes major trade item
- 5. C. Zhou dynasty crumbles 1. Zhou lose power & enters Era of the Warring States 2. regional kings fighting each other for land and power 3. The Qin eventually win and unite China
- 6. II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge Confucianism โThe Analectsโ Teachings of Confucius โRespect yourself and others will respect you.โ Daoism Balance/Harmony with Nature Why do you think there was an effort to find a new governing style?
- 7. II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge A. Confucianism 1. Impact of Confucianism in forming the social order in China a. Belief that humans are good, not bad b. Respect for elders โ Filial Piety - http://www.stanford.edu/group/confucian/cgi-bin/blog/?p=149 c. Code of Politeness (still use in Chinese society today) d. Emphasis on education e. Ancestor worship Respect link
- 8. II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge A. Confucianism 2. Five Primary Relationships a. ruler and subject b. father and son c. elder brother and younger brother d. husband and wife e. friend and friend Respect link
- 9. II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge A. Confucianism 3. the Analects a. teachings of Confucius b. Provide guidelines for Confucianism Respect link
- 11. Confucianism - Filial Piety โ Respect/obey elders/family - Every member of society has duty. - Role model or follower or both He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it. -Confucious What Chinese concept is Confucius reinforcing? Writing and teachings of Confucius = Analects
- 12. II. Two Chinese Philosophies Emerge B. Taoism 1. Impact of Taoism in forming Chinese culture and values a. Humility โ low view of oneโs own importance b. Simple life & inner peace c. Harmony/balance with nature Lao Zi - founder Yin and Yang represent opposites for Confucianism and Taoism.
- 13. Critical Intro: Are you Yin or Yang?
- 14. III. The Qin Dynasty โ 221 B.C. โ 210 B.C. A. Around 221 B.C., the Qin defeat rival kingdoms & unite much of China 1. strong centralized govโt formed 2. military districts allowed emperor to maintain control 3. Qin Shihuangdi = 1st emperor of China 4. China gets its name from Qin
- 15. B. Qin Shihuangdi โ his achievements 1. standardized weights and measures and coinage 2. created uniform writing system 3. constructed Great Wall of China
- 16. C. The Great Wall of China 1. Invaders raided Chinese settlements from the North. 2. Qin built the Great Wall to guard against these invasions 3. Wall extended over 4,000 miles 4. built with forced labor โ many died during construction
- 21. D. Qinโs Shihuangdiโs Strict Rule 1. Imposed censorship (burned books) to control information 2. took power from local lords 3. many forced-labor projects 4. legalistic philosophy โ strict laws + harsh punishments
- 22. D. The End of the Qin Dynasty 1. Qin Shihuangdi dies in 210 B.C. 2. He is buried with an army of terra cotta (clay) soldiers and horses 3. The dynasty weakens; loses control of country 4. 206 B.C. Han Dynasty comes to power
- 23. III. The Han Dynasty โ 206 B.C. โ A.D. 220 A. Liu Bang reunites China + becomes 1st emperor of Han Dynasty 1. Liu Bang reestablished centralized power 2. lowered taxes and softened punishments
- 24. IV. The Han Dynasty โ 206 B.C. โ A.D. 220 A. Wudi โ The greatest Han ruler 1. He greatly expanded the empire 2. He expanded trade routes to the west known as the Silk Roads a. Silk Roads = Series of trade routes linking China and the Mediterranean cultures & Roman Empire
- 25. 3. He established the Civil Service System โ system/tests for selecting most able person for govโt jobs. 4. The Han Dynasty rivaled the Roman Empire in: a. Size b. Population c. government Taking the Civil Service Exam
- 26. Silk Roads โ Connect China to Mediterranean Sea and Roman Empire
- 27. Silk Roads
- 29. Silk Roads Indian Ocean trade routes
- 30. B. Fall of the Han Dynasty 1. After Wudi died the dynasty weakened. 2. The Huns eventually overthrew the Han Dynasty
- 31. C. Other contributions of Classical China 1. invented paper 2. porcelain 3. gun powder 4. wheelbarrow
- 32. Early Chinese Crossbows Repeating Crossbow
- 33. The Warring States Period of Ancient China 480 BCE to 221 BCE
- 34. Daoism/Taoism Balance and harmony with nature Yin and Yang
- 35. The Terra Cotta soldiers of Shi Huangdiโs tomb
- 36. Zhou iron axe
- 37. The Great Wall and Silk Road The Great Wall โ pg. 100 1. Draw in, generally, the location of the great Wall of China. 2. What was the main purpose of the Great Wall of China? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. From the map, what does the location of the wall tell you about Chinaโs threats?__________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Silk Roadโ pg. 184-85 1. Draw in, generally, the location of the Silk Roads. 2. The Silk Road was used for what purpose? _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. The Silk Roads connected what two cultures/empires? ____________________________________________________________________ 4. The Silk Road split to avoid which geographic barrier? ___________________________________________________________________ 5. How did the Silk Roads contribute to cultural diffusion? __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
- 38. Two Great Empires: Han China and Rome Use chart on pg. 187 Han China Rome Comparative Thesis: ___________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________