This document discusses the rise of nationalism in Europe in the 1800s. It defines nationalism as loyalty to a people rather than kings, and notes how nationalism helped build the idea of nation-states and increased awareness of shared characteristics among a people. It then lists some key characteristics that unified people, such as common ancestry, language, culture, faith, and shared territory. The document outlines how nationalism spread after the French Revolution and Congress of Vienna, and its outcomes in the 1800s including economic competition between nations and the growth of democratic ideals. It specifically discusses how Greek nationalists led a successful revolution for independence from the Ottoman Empire in the 1820s. Finally, it analyzes the unification of Germany and Italy in the late 1800

1. Critical Intro:
• What shows Otto von Bismarck
was a “student” of Machiavelli?

2. Nationalism Emerges
in Europe
What is Nationalism?
Loyalty to a people not kings
Concept of Citizenship
Help to build idea of nation states
Increase awareness of characteristics that
unify a people

3. Characteristic 1
• Common
nationality or
ancestry

4. Characteristic 2
• Common
language

5. Characteristic 3
• Shared
Culture-
dress, food,
behavior

6. Characteristic 4
•Common
Faith

7. Characteristic 5
• Shared Territory-
called
the“Motherland”

8. Roots and spread of Nationalism
• French Revolution
• Age of Napoleon
• Decisions at Congress of Vienna
• Rise of Liberalism and a wealthy
middle class

9. Outcomes of Nationalism
in 1800s
• Economic Competition
between nations
• Growth of democratic ideals &
liberalism
• Unsuccessful (except Greece)
Revolutions in 1848

10. Greek Independence
• 1820’s - Greek Nationalists led successful
revolution against _________________Ottoman Empire

11. 11

12. 12
Greek Independence from Ottoman Empire

13. Europe 1850 Europe 1870
What is the most obvious change from
Europe of 1850 and Europe of 1870?

14. Unification of Germany
and Italy
In Common
•Product of Nationalism:
Common history, language and
culture

15. In Common
• Previously divided into
independent states

16. • Early attempts failed
In Common
Germany and the Frankfort
Assembly
Italy and failed revolution of
1848

17. • Austria was
an obstacle
In Common
Austria

18. • Used a blending of
diplomacy and war
In Common

19. Italy
• Originated in
Piedmont
(includes
Sardinia)

20. • Diplomatic work
of Cavour in
North
Italy
•Military work of
Garibaldi in
South

21. • Papal states &
Austria = final
obstacles
• Italy benefits
from Prussian
Wars
Italy

22. Germany
• Originated in
Prussia
• King
William I

23. • Work of Prussian
Otto von
Bismarck's
“realpolitik”
Germany
- Real/Practical
politics
- Discriminate use of
war
Otto Von Bismarck
Prussian Chancellor

24. • War with Austria
unified Northern
German states
Germany

25. • France was last
obstacle--Franco-
Prussian War
Germany
- Southern German
states unified w/north
- Gain Alsace/Lorraine