Here are some key points that could be made about what makes humans and societies "civilized":
- Permanent settlements as opposed to nomadic lifestyles. Living in one place allows for more complex social organization and specialization of labor.
- Agriculture and food production. A reliable food source supports larger, more complex populations.
- Advanced tools and technology. The development of tools like plows, pottery, wheels, etc. improves standards of living.
- Formal social hierarchies and government. More complex social structures with defined roles like leaders, priests, artisans.
- Cultural achievements. Monuments, art, writing systems, advanced skills in areas like math, science that demonstrate intellectual/c
Reference
Neolithic. (2017, May 12). Retrieved May 16, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic
MY PREFERRED ACCOUNT TO UPLOAD PRESENTATIONS: https://www.slideshare.net/ArrojadoReineFriend
Reference
Neolithic. (2017, May 12). Retrieved May 16, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic
MY PREFERRED ACCOUNT TO UPLOAD PRESENTATIONS: https://www.slideshare.net/ArrojadoReineFriend
The Neolithic period was part of the Stone Age, a time period in which hominids primarily used stones as tools and weapons. Dating from approximately two million years ago to 3000 B.C., the Stone Age consisted of three time periods..
The slide was made as part of academic tasks.
The Neolithic period was part of the Stone Age, a time period in which hominids primarily used stones as tools and weapons. Dating from approximately two million years ago to 3000 B.C., the Stone Age consisted of three time periods..
The slide was made as part of academic tasks.
Part TwoThe Agricultural Revolution11. A wall painti.docxdanhaley45372
Part Two
The Agricultural Revolution
11. A wall painting from an Egyptian grave, dated to about 3,500 years ago, depicting typical agricultural
scenes.
5
History’s Biggest Fraud
FOR 2.5 MILLION YEARS HUMANS FED themselves by gathering plants and
hunting animals that lived and bred without their intervention. Homo erectus,
Homo ergaster and the Neanderthals plucked wild gs and hunted wild sheep
without deciding where g trees would take root, in which meadow a herd of
sheep should graze, or which billy goat would inseminate which nanny goat.
Homo sapiens spread from East Africa to the Middle East, to Europe and Asia, and
nally to Australia and America – but everywhere they went, Sapiens too
continued to live by gathering wild plants and hunting wild animals. Why do
anything else when your lifestyle feeds you amply and supports a rich world of
social structures, religious beliefs and political dynamics?
All this changed about 10,000 years ago, when Sapiens began to devote almost
all their time and e ort to manipulating the lives of a few animal and plant
species. From sunrise to sunset humans sowed seeds, watered plants, plucked
weeds from the ground and led sheep to prime pastures. This work, they thought,
would provide them with more fruit, grain and meat. It was a revolution in the
way humans lived – the Agricultural Revolution.
The transition to agriculture began around 9500–8500 BC in the hill country of
south-eastern Turkey, western Iran, and the Levant. It began slowly and in a
restricted geographical area. Wheat and goats were domesticated by
approximately 9000 BC; peas and lentils around 8000 BC; olive trees by 5000 BC;
horses by 4000 BC; and grapevines in 3500 BC. Some animals and plants, such as
camels and cashew nuts, were domesticated even later, but by 3500 BC the main
wave of domestication was over. Even today, with all our advanced technologies,
more than 90 per cent of the calories that feed humanity come from the handful of
plants that our ancestors domesticated between 9500 and 3500 BC – wheat, rice,
maize (called ‘corn’ in the US), potatoes, millet and barley. No noteworthy plant
or animal has been domesticated in the last 2,000 years. If our minds are those of
hunter-gatherers, our cuisine is that of ancient farmers.
Scholars once believed that agriculture spread from a single Middle Eastern
point of origin to the four corners of the world. Today, scholars agree that
agriculture sprang up in other parts of the world not by the action of Middle
Eastern farmers exporting their revolution but entirely independently. People in
Central America domesticated maize and beans without knowing anything about
wheat and pea cultivation in the Middle East. South Americans learned how to
raise potatoes and llamas, unaware of what was going on in either Mexico or the
Levant. Chinas rst revolutionaries domesticated rice, millet and pigs. North
America’s first gardeners were those who got tired of combing the undergrowth for
edib.
For most of our time on Earth, we humans have survived by hunting and gathering food from our natural environment.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
Neolithic Revolution Essay
Achievements Of The Neolithic Revolution
The Neolithic Revolution: A Revolution
Neolithic Revolution: The Old Stone Age Era
Neolithic Revolution
The Neolithic Revolution
Analysis: The Neolithic Revolution
How Did The Neolithic Revolution Made Government
What Is The Neolithic Revolution
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Neolithic Revolution Essay
The Neolithic Revolution
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3. first pre-
human/human-
like creature =
hominid; 4 mill.
– 2 mill. B.C.
“human with
ability” – 1st
tool maker –
2.5 mill. – 1.5
mill. B.C.
Migrated
throughout
Eurasia; first
to bury dead;
200,000 –
30,000 B.C.;
Extinct
Cro-Magnon –
identical to
modern humans;
100,000-10,000
B.C.
Homo Sapien
Sapiens =
modern humans
•“human who
walks upright” –
1st out of
Africa, 1st w/fire
– 1.6 mill. –
100,000B.C.
Human Migration
•Migration throughout the world spanned over 1.5 million years.
•Homo sapiens migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas
•Humans adapted to many different environments.
6. Archaeologists
study past
cultures by
locating and
studying:
human
remains
settlements
Fossils;
Radio Carbon
dating
Artifacts;
Radio Carbon
dating
Archaeologists continue
to find and interpret
evidence of early
humans and their lives.
How does archaeology provide knowledge of early human life and its changes?
Donald Johanson:
Discovered “Lucy” in 1974
Why do archeologists sometimes create more questions than answers?
12. Human Migration
•Migration throughout the world spanned over 1.5 million years.
•Homo sapiens migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas
•Humans adapted to many different environments.
13. Big Geography and the Peopling of the World
Directions: Use the map, text and/or other resources to complete the following questions/prompts and terms.
Part 1
1. From where (be specific) did humans originate?
2. About when did they begin to migrate from
there?
3. Briefly define the “Out of Africa” theory.
4. What information does the map give us about
human adaptability?
5. How might fire have benefitted early humans?
6. In what size groups do you think early humans
lived, large or small? Defend your answer.
Part 2 – Complete on your own paper and attach to this page.
1. Create a 10 item timeline (5 illustrated) of your life from birth to
present.
2. Define the following terms: prehistory, historian, artifact,
anthropology, archeology, Relative dating, Absolute dating,
Carbon 14 dating
16. Paleolithic vs. Neolithic
Paleolithic Age = “Old Stone Age”
2.5 million – 12,000 B.C.E.
Neolithic Age = “New Stone Age”
Neolithic/Agricultural Revolution!
12,000 – 4,000 B.C.E.
What new technology do you think ends Neolithic Age?
17. Paleolithic
Food Sources
Hunting and Gathering
Hunting animals
Gathering plants, roots, nuts and berries
Nomadic – Constantly migrating in search of food, water
19. Paleolithic
Population
Small kinship clans of 20-60 people
Usually extended family
Why small groups?
Hunting & gathering can’t produce enough food for
large pop.
21. Paleolithic
Resources
Used resources (materials) from their surroundings
Developed oral language.
Impact?
Learned how to make & use fire!!
Improved hunting, protection, warmth
22.
23. Paleolithic
Occupation
Hunt and gather
Finding enough food to survive
Created “Cave art”
http://www.lascaux.culture.fr/?lng=en#/en/00.xml
29. What do you think?
What do you think the occupational nature of the
Paleolithic Period meant for technological
advances?
How do you think this might change when people
start farming?
31. Neolithic Revolution
Rising temps = longer growing
seasons
Caused pop. increase
Steady food source was
needed
People begin to farm
Farming develops in
different regions at about
the same time.
Mesopotamia
Egypt
India
China
Americas
Slash and Burn Farming = cut
trees & grasses and burned
them to clear the fields
Ashes fertilized the soil
Domestication= taming of
animals
dogs, sheep, goats, pigs,
cattle - dairying
Causes of the
Agricultural Revolution
Early Farming MethodsDomestication of Animals
Farming Develops
in Many Places
39. Neolithic
Resources
Extensive local trade and barter
Traveling farther for materials
Used advanced tools
Obsidian (volcanic) glass = important
material
40. What do you think?
Why do you think trade was able to expand so
rapidly during the Neolithic Age?
41. Neolithic
Occupations
Farming, herding, trading
Artisanship – making things
Weaving, pottery, tool-making
Specialization of Labor!
People doing specific jobs
What is the connection between the Neolithic
Revolution and Specialization?
51. 51
Pastoralism
Ten to twelve thousand years ago, at approximately the same time that agriculture emerged, a parallel
specialization appeared: pastoralism, the herding of domesticated or partially domesticated animals.
Pastoralism has much more in common culturally with hunting and gathering ways of life since it is necessity to
move the herds continually in search of fresh pastures making this a wandering, nomadic way of life. For
Pastoralists, human and livestock populations tended to fluxuate according to shifts in climatic conditions
impacting the availability of grasses. While pastoral life is demanding and often dangerous, it is, as a way of
life, relatively stable over long periods of time--like hunting and gathering is. What one generation knew and
did, the next generation knew and did.
Pastoralism tended to develop on marginal land apart from areas suitable for agriculture, often in semi-arid regions. Frequently,
the two ways of life, pastoralism and agriculture, were compatible, or even mutually dependent upon one another through
symbiotic trade relationships. Wherever the two modes of life existed near one another, a lively trade usually sprang up between
farmers who had food and other objects to exchange, and pastoral nomads, who had products such as hides, wool, meat, and/or
milk.
Sedentary (Agriculturalist) vs. Pastoralism
52. 52
Sedentary (Agriculturalist)
While they are not exciting in appearance, settled agricultural villages like this early example at Ban Po, China
(below left) and Catal Huyuk, modern Turkey (below right), represented a radically new way of life for human
beings, unlike anything that had existed before.
First, agriculture means sedentism--living permanently in one place. This was itself new to human beings, and
it may have seemed very constraining to the first people to experience this way of life. Living in one spot
permanently means exploiting a relatively small amount of land very intensively (rather than exploiting a large
amount of land extensively, as hunter-gatherers did), and over a long period of time.
Pastoralism vs. Sedentary – an analysis
Pastoralism:
Advantages: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Disadvantages: _____________________________________________________________________________________________
Sedentary:
Advantages: _______________________________________________________________________________________________
Disadvantages: _____________________________________________________________________________________________
Examples of likely contact/conflict between the two societies: ______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
55. First Neolithic Settlements
Catal Hoyuk
• Southern Turkey
• Approx. 7000
B.C.E
• Protection
provided by
connecting all
buildings
• Relied on trade to
supplement ag.
Goddess
56.
57. First Early Cities
Jericho
• On Jordan River
• Approx. 7000
B.C.E
• Protection
provided by
ditch & 12 ft.
wall
• Relied on trade
to supplement
ag.
58. First Early Cities
Aleppo
• On Queiq River
• Approx. 2500
B.C.E
• High center hill
surrounded by 8
smaller hills.
• Protection
provided by
ditch & wall
• Key Syrian city
today
63. Critical Intro
Jared Diamond referred to the Neolithic
Revolution as the “Worst mistake in the
history of the human race”. What do you
think his main arguments are.
64. Critical Intro
In complete sentences, describe why you
think humans were so successful at
migrating throughout the world.
65. Critical Intro
In complete sentences, identify an example
of monumental architecture and the role it
played in its society.
66. Critical Intro
In 2-3 sentences, describe the reasons for and
most significant impacts of the Neolithic
Revolution.
67. Critical Intro
In 2-3 sentences, describe the reasons for and
most significant impacts of the Neolithic
Revolution.