Sepoy Rebellion and British Imperialism in India Wayne Williams
Social Political Economic and military effects of British imperialism in India and how it affected both India and Great Britain in the 19th and 20th Centuries
Sepoy Rebellion and British Imperialism in India Wayne Williams
Social Political Economic and military effects of British imperialism in India and how it affected both India and Great Britain in the 19th and 20th Centuries
This ppt is targeted to 5th grade study of colonization in Africa. It covers the Treaty of Berlin, the search for gold and diamonds, the various ways of governing the colonies and the effects of colonization.
From the late 19th century onwards Industrial powers began to use their advanced economies, armies and technology to take over territories with no state organisation.
Between 1870 and 1914 they created huge colonial empires in Africa, Asia and Oceania.
What prompted European countries to explore, claim and settle lands in the Southeast? (H1c, E1)
Who explored Georgia and where was the first settlement? (H1c)
This ppt is targeted to 5th grade study of colonization in Africa. It covers the Treaty of Berlin, the search for gold and diamonds, the various ways of governing the colonies and the effects of colonization.
From the late 19th century onwards Industrial powers began to use their advanced economies, armies and technology to take over territories with no state organisation.
Between 1870 and 1914 they created huge colonial empires in Africa, Asia and Oceania.
What prompted European countries to explore, claim and settle lands in the Southeast? (H1c, E1)
Who explored Georgia and where was the first settlement? (H1c)
I made this presentation to specifically cover why Industrial revolution started, causes of Industrial revolution, major inventions, effects - both positive and negative and industrial revolution today.
Preparing Students for the 4th Industrial Revolution Implications for Scien...EduSkills OECD
Presented by Andreas Schleicher - Director for the Directorate of Education and Skills, OECD
The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a triennial international survey which aims to evaluate education systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students.
In 2015 over half a million students, representing 28 million 15-year-olds in 72 countries and economies, took the internationally agreed two-hour test. Students were assessed in science, mathematics, reading, collaborative problem solving and financial literacy.
The Industrial Revolution was a period of profound economic and social changes, caused by the widespread use of machinery in production. Agrarian, rural societies were transformed into industrial, urban societies.
We can differences two stages, the First Industrial Revolution and the Second Industrial Revolution. Two main social classes became anthagonic: bourgeoise and proletarian
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
7. 7
Before 1750, many English villages used the open field system of farming. Each village was surrounded by a number of large fields
which were divided into strips. Each farmer had a number of strips. There were also areas of 'common land'. Some of the poorest
people lived entirely on the common land. However, as England's population rose, more food was needed. The open field system
was not productive enough. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, some farmers, supported by the government, began the
process of enclosure. Enclosure meant fencing off the land so that only one farmer had the right to raise crops there. This made the
land more productive, and allowed for greater experimentation and advancements, yet enclosure often had disastrous consequences
for the poor. Enclosure, despite increasing productivity, resulted in increased poverty, rural depopulation and homelessness.
The Enclosure Movement in England
Explain, in what ways you think the Enclosure Movement in England contributed to the Industrial Revolution?
10. I. Industrial Revolution
-Indust. Rev. = Mass production of goods by
machine power
-Begins in late 18th cent. & carries into 20-21st
cents
-Pop. Shift from rural to urban
-Capitalism = dominant economic system
11. II. New Economic Ideas
1. Adam Smith
a. wrote the book Wealth of Nations
b. supported the ideas of capitalism – free market
c. explained the laissez-faire concept – government should not get
involved; owners of industry should set working conditions
without interference
d. encouraged competition of businesses
12. III. Problem with Industrial Revolution
-Not a global experience
-Only 20% exposed to industrialization
National Wealth Today
13. IV. Major Developments in Transportation &
Communication
-Railroads, Steamships, Telegraphs, Canals
14. 15
- Railroads & Steamships (see text quests)
- Mass transportation of goods by
land and sea.
- Impact = access of goods to more
people @ lower prices = increased
demand for production
15. 16
- Telegraph - Invented by Samuel (see text quests)
Morse - 1837
- greatly improved communications
between/within:
- businesses, cities, countries
17. V. “Fossil Fuels” Revolution
- Coal & oil greatly increased energy
available to humans
- Dev. of machines, steam engines,
internal combustion engines
18. VI. Factory system = systematized,
mechanized scale of production
- Concentrated labor in single location
- Increased degree of specialization
19. VII. Impacts of Factory System
A. Family-based cottage industries displaced.
B. Harsh conditions; men competing with
women & children for wages
C. Child labor =costs low; profits high
D. Owners = much control over workers.
From this…
to this
30. IX. Interchangeable parts
– speeds production; less skill required –
developed by Eli Whitney – Cotton Gin
- Increased demand for slaves
- Rifle production also
Cotton Gin
31. Eli Whitney and his
Cotton Gin - 1794
(December 8, 1765 – January 8, 1825)
35. 37
Advancements of
Industrial
Revolution
Discovery of Bacteria &
Pasteurization:
Louis Pasteur
-Advanced concepts of
immunization and vaccines
- Pasteurization = safer
foods/drinks
- Advanced the Germ
Theory of Disease
Smallpox Vaccination:
Edward Jenner
Helped eradicate a disease
that has afflicted human kind
like no other disease in
history
Bessemer Steel Process:
Henry Bessemer
Faster, more efficient,
cheaper way to refine iron
into stronger steel.
Demand and production of
steel skyrockets; Building
material of industrial age.
Cotton Gin:
Eli Whitney
* Increased cotton
processing, therefore
increased supply =
increased textile production
in England. U.S becomes
main source of British
cotton.
Steam Engine:
James Watt
* Provides the energy for
industrial machines, trains &
steamships. Allows
factories to locate away
from moving water.
Spinning Jenny:
James Hargreaves
* Greatly increased textile
production; helps make
Textile industry Britain’s
biggest industry
36. XI. Social Impacts of Industrial Revolution
A. Most benefits = Middle class (bourgeoisie) –
bankers, merchants, factory owners
B. Most growth = Working class (Proletariat) –
poor treatment & pay
C. Expansion of education
D. Reforms to end/limit child & women’s labor
38. XII. Women in Industrial Revolution
-Early 1800’s = Equal # of women in factories.
-Late 1800’s = Increased wages (more
desirable to men) and labor laws restricting
women’s work = more women staying home.
-Domestic sphere for women develops.
- Good news = increased progress towards
suffrage & education.
39. XIII. The Rise of Labor Unions
A. John Stuart Mill: Champion for reform
1. Mill stressed “Utilitarianism” = “the
greatest good for the greatest number
of people”
2. Strikes to demand better pay &
working conditions
John Stuart Mill
40. 3. Pushed for labor laws addressing:
• Hours
• Women
• Children
4. Workers’ rights & collective bargaining
between labor & management
42
43. XIV. Global Capitalism Led to Variety of
Responses
A. Resistance to Economic Change
1. Qing (initially) and Ottoman efforts to
maintain preindustrial forms of
production.
2. Result = reduced presence and benefit
from new global economy
44. B. State-Sponsored Visions of
Industrialization
1. Economic Reforms of Meiji Japan
a. Ag. tax increases to pay for gov’t
sponsored industries; then turn over
to private sector. Zaibatsu system
45. 2. China’s “Self-Strengthening Movement”
a. Strong industrialization reforms
b. End of 19th century, following many
defeats to Western powers
c. Maintain Confucian ideals while …
d. modernizing industry & military
46. 3. Factory and Railroad dev. in Tsarist Russia
a. Abolition of serfdom
b. Gov’t-funded RR & factories
c. Tariffs to protect Russian industry
d. Gave rise to coal, iron & steel
industries.
47. 4. Muhammad Ali industrializes Egypt
a. Ali gained autonomy (not independ.)
from Ottoman Empire
b. Built textile factories to compete w/
Brit. & Fr.
c. Armament & ship factories also
d. Westernized military & schools
Muhammad
Ali Controlled
Egypt 1805-
1849
48. C. Alternative Visions of Society
1. Utopian socialism= class struggles will
lead from oppressive bourgeois to
classless society.
49. D. Karl Marx: Marxism/Communism
1. was horrified by the injustices of capitalism
2. the proletariat (workers) should violently
revolt and redistribute the wealth, creating equality.
"Working men of all countries unite”
3. State control of industry & property
4. Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels wrote:
Communist Manifesto
Crash
Course
51. XIV. Industrial Economies, Imperialism &
Nationalism
A. Nationalism caused European nations to
compete for colonial possessions.
B. European econ., milt, & pol. power forced
colonized countries to trade on European terms.
C. Industrially-produced goods flooded colonial
markets & displaced traditional industries.
D. Colonized peoples resisted European
domination & Western influences.
52. Type of
Imperialism
Examples Features Outcomes
Colonial
Imperialism
(Non-settler)
- British West Africa
- Belgian Congo
- British India
- French SE Asia
- Dutch Indonesia
- European military & administrators
- Western ed. & pol. structure gradually
replace the local culture
- Often defended by claims of helping the
indigenous pop.
- “White Man’s Burden”
- Exploitation of indigenous labor
- Monoculture/cash crops hurts natives
- Creation of non-native elite
- Introduction to Western tech., and education
- Imperialist countries ruled by corporations or states modeled by
western policy
Colonial
Imperialism
(Settler colonies)
- British South Africa,
Australia, & New
Zealand
- French Algeria
- North America (U.S. &
Canada)
- Focus on control & use of land
- Settlers remove or dominate the
indigenous pop.
- Often follows contact with sparsely pop.
lands
- Loss/impoverishment of indigenous culture
- Forced conversion to Western business, pol. & rel. ideas
- Creation of non-native elite & mixed native & non-native middle
class
- Often, formation of new “Western” nations
- “White Dominions” (Maj. Euro.) i.e. Brit. NA, Australia
Economic
Imperialism
(Spheres of
Influence)
- British in China
- French in China
- Europeans in Africa
“Scramble for Africa”
- People, & raw & refined materials are
main resources exploited
- Cash crops and mineral resources are
taken out on a large scale
- Exclusive trade rights over other
countries.
- Social/political destabilization based on econ. exploitation
- Opium Wars in China
- Monoculture/cash crops hurts natives
Protectorate - U.S. & Cuba
- U.S. & Panama
- U.S. & Philippines
- Country has own gov’t but…
- “Protecting” country guarantees and
protects safety of the other.
- Protecting country controls foreign
affairs
- favored trade status of protecting country
- “Protection” usually expands to greater level of involvement into
internal affairs i.e. pol. & econ.
Comparing Types of Imperialism
Analysis:
1. Which type of imperialism seems the most complete? Briefly explain.
2. Identify a similar outcome between the non-settler colonies & the spheres of influence. Also, why do you think there isn’t the same outcome in settler
colonies?
3. What do you think is the motivation/s (generally) for the U.S. having protectorate status over the above-listed countries? Panama more specifically?
53. Transnational Businesses
United Fruit Company in
Central Amer.
Monopoly-like control over
economics, production,
labor & politics.
“Banana Republics”=
politically unstable, export
countries
New Consumer Markets
Brit. And Fr. Attempt to
“open up” Chinese Markets
Export
Economies
Rubber exports
from the Congo
Export
Economies
Cotton from U.S.
South
Export
Economies
Palm Oil from W.
Africa
Extensive
Mining Centers
Gold & diamonds
in South Africa
Extensive
Mining
Centers
Copper mines
in Mexico
Decline of
Agric.-based
Economies
Decrease of
Indian textile
industry
Global Impact of Industrialization
Further Integration of the Global Economy
State-
Sponsored
Industrialization
Economic
Reforms of Meiji
Japan
State-Sponsored
Industrialization
Factory & RR development
in Tsarist Russia
1. How did the “Export Economies” of North America and West Africa reflect an expansion of industrialization?
2. Describe how you think transnational businesses like United Fruit would be able to gain “monopoly-like control”.
3. What do you think are the downfalls of being a narrowly-focused export economy like those in Latin America, Africa & Asia?
4. Why does industrialization intensify the efforts of western nations to “Open Up” the East?
54. I. New Patterns and Impacts of Global Trade
A. Further integration of global economy
1. Industrialists sought new materials and
new markets; led to:
2. Growth of Export Economies
a. raw materials for factories
b. food supplies for growing urban
pops.
Concept = production & export of single
natural resources; profits used to
buy finished goods
55. B. Industrial Production Led to Decline of Ag-
Based Economies
Example: Textile production in India
1. India was main source of British textiles
2. Eng.’s textile industry became
dependent on U.S. cotton
3. India’s economy declined
56. C. Industrial States Seek Out New Consumer
Markets
1. Brit. & French attempts to “open up”
Chinese markets
57. D. Extensive Mining Centers Emerge
1. Meet the demand for industrial metals
2. Gold, silver, diamonds as forms of
wealth
58. E. Creation of Large-Scale Transnational
Businesses
1. United Fruit Company
2. Monopoly-like control over regional
economics, production, labor & politics.
3. Creation of “Banana Republics” –
export nations dominated by
companies.
59. F. Development of Financial Institutions
1. Need = Facilitate investments of capital
2. Stock Markets
3. Insurance companies
60. 62
Major Developments in Transportation and
Communication
CanalsTelegraphsSteamshipsRailroads
Effects Effects Effects Effects
61. Factors Effects
Europe’s location on the
Atlantic Ocean
The geographic
distribution of coal, iron
and timber
European demographic
changes
Urbanization
Improved agricultural
production
Legal protection of
private property
(enclosure)
An abundance of rivers
& canals
Access to foreign
resources
The accumulation of
capital (money)
Factors Leading to the Rise of Industrial Production
