This document discusses various types of chest injuries, including closed injuries like rib fractures and flail chest, as well as open injuries like pneumothorax and sucking chest wounds. Signs of chest injuries include impaired breathing, coughing up blood, and shock. Treatment focuses on giving oxygen, stabilizing the chest to prevent further injury, and rapidly transporting patients to a medical facility while closely monitoring vital signs. Impaled objects should generally be stabilized in place rather than removed.
chest trauma is one of the leading cause of death in poly trauma patients. ER doctor should be aware of how to suspect and how to deal with life threatening conditions resulting from chest trauma
there is the introduction part of the torso trauma,
check out my next ppts for further more about torso trauma.
contents are in following order...
introduction
mechanism of injury
junctional zones of torso
tension pneumothorax
cardiac temponade
massive hemothorax
etc.
check out all slides
chest trauma is one of the leading cause of death in poly trauma patients. ER doctor should be aware of how to suspect and how to deal with life threatening conditions resulting from chest trauma
there is the introduction part of the torso trauma,
check out my next ppts for further more about torso trauma.
contents are in following order...
introduction
mechanism of injury
junctional zones of torso
tension pneumothorax
cardiac temponade
massive hemothorax
etc.
check out all slides
Chest injuries ranks 3rd after head injuries and extremity injuries in a case of multisystem trauma.It is of two types blunt chest trauma and peneterating chest trauma.The main cause of blunt chest trauma is road side accidents due to vehicles. Peneterating chest trauma is more dangerous and is common in war injuries and civilian terroism.In this ppp I have discussed some useful uncommon and important aspects of chest injuries
there is the introduction part of the torso trauma,
check out my next ppts for further more about torso trauma.
contents are in following order...
introduction
mechanism of injury
junctional zones of torso
tension pneumothorax
cardiac temponade
massive hemothorax
etc.
check out all slides
Chest injuries ranks 3rd after head injuries and extremity injuries in a case of multisystem trauma.It is of two types blunt chest trauma and peneterating chest trauma.The main cause of blunt chest trauma is road side accidents due to vehicles. Peneterating chest trauma is more dangerous and is common in war injuries and civilian terroism.In this ppp I have discussed some useful uncommon and important aspects of chest injuries
there is the introduction part of the torso trauma,
check out my next ppts for further more about torso trauma.
contents are in following order...
introduction
mechanism of injury
junctional zones of torso
tension pneumothorax
cardiac temponade
massive hemothorax
etc.
check out all slides
pnemothorax and its management mainly physiotherapy point of view.
Dr. Amrit parihar
IKDRC ITS college of physiotherapy, Ahmedabad
amritparihar94@yahoo.com
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
3. 3
Overview of Chest Injuries
Can be life-threatening
May result in damage to either the heart or the lung and
cause severe internal bleeding
Rib cage fractures may result in serious injury to vital
organs
Deep, open wounds allow air to enter the chest cavity
Closed wounds usually involve injury to the ribs and
possibly underlying structures
4. 4
Signs of Chest Injuries
An obvious chest wound
Impaired breathing
Irregular – or lack of – chest expansion
Coughing-up of blood
Shock
Subcutaneous emphysema: crackling sensation
6. 6
Rib Fracture
Rib fractures are almost always the result of
trauma (a blow) to the rib cage
Signs and Symptoms
leaning toward the injured side
if the rib has punctured a lung, air can escape into the
tissues of the chest wall creating a crackling
sensation (- Subcutaneous Emphysema)
unwillingness to take a deep breath
complaining of local pain and tenderness
pain when moving the rib cage when breathing or
coughing
7. 7
Rib Fracture
Treatment
Give oxygen
Make the patient as comfortable as possible
Activate EMS and treat as Load and Go
Transport patient
in the position of maximum comfort on the injured
side
8. 8
Flail Chest
Several adjacent ribs fractured in more than one
place can produce a loose section of the chest
wall
The flail section moves inward when the patient
breathes in, and outward when the patient
breathes out
This phenomenon is known as paradoxical
movement
9. 9
Flail Chest
Signs and symptoms
shortness of breath
swelling over the injury site
shock
muscle splinting of the injury site
severe pain on inhalation/exhalation
possible paradoxical movement
10. 10
Flail Chest
Treatment
Give oxygen as soon as possible
Be prepared to give AR
Help the patient get in a comfortable position and
transport to medical aid.
Activate EMS and treat as Load and Go
Continue to monitor vital signs
Unless there is substantial bleeding, do not apply
bulky padding or dressings
11. 11
Use of Dressings on a Flail Chest
Only consider taped-on pad as a treatment in the
following cases:
if there is likely to be a prolonged time before evacuation and
access to medical care
if the patient has fatigued their chest muscles
To apply dressings
Press the segment inward with your gloved hand to stabilize it
Splint in the inward position with a pillow, large bulky dressing, or
folded blanket or parka
Secure this thoroughly in place with tape
Be prepared to help breathing with AR
Do not hold in place with bandages encircling the chest. This
would further impair the patient’s breathing effort
12. 12
Pneumothorax
Is a condition that results from air entering the
interpleural space. The air in the interpleural
space compresses the lung and prevents normal
breathing.
There are two types of pneumothorax:
Tension pneumothorax
Spontaneous pneumothorax
13. 13
Pneumothorax
Signs and symptoms
reduction of normal respiratory movements on the
affected side
a fall in blood pressure
weak and rapid pulse
a sudden sharp chest pain
14. 14
Pneumothorax
Treatment for Tension Pneumothorax
Give oxygen
Activate EMS and treat as Load and Go
Continue to monitor vital signs
Treatment for Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Give oxygen
Transport to medical aid
The patient may prefer to be transported sitting up.
15. 15
Open Chest Injuries
In penetration injuries of the chest wall, air can
enter the interpleural space from the outside,
causing the lung to collapse
Air moving back and forth through the chest wall
results in what is often called a sucking chest
wound, because of the sucking sound during
inhalation
16. 16
Open Chest Injuries
Signs and symptoms
increasing difficulty in breathing
frothy blood at the mouth/site of wound
rapid, weak pulse
cyanosis
falling blood pressure
localized chest pain
17. 17
Open Chest Injuries
Treatment
Seal the wound with any airtight material
Tape the material in place on three sides. Leave the bottom
(based on patient position) side unsealed to release
accumulated air
Continually monitor the “dressing” to ensure that the seal is
effective on inspiration only
Transport the patient
in a position of comfort
in a position which will not impair breathing
give oxygen
monitor vital signs
activate EMS and treat as Load and Go
18. 18
Impaled Objects
Impaled objects are things such as broken glass
or large splinters that are both embedded into
and protruding from the body
Signs and Symptoms
Impaled objects are easily identified by sight
19. 19
Impaled Objects
Treatment
do not move or remove the object
build up a dressing around the object to hold it in place during
transportation
tape the dressing in place
Transport the patient
in the most comfortable position possible
monitor respiration transport to medical aid immediately.
activate EMS and treat as Load and Go
continue to monitor vital signs
If the object is obviously dangling from the skin or will
cause extreme further damage, it should be removed
Editor's Notes
Of all signs, a change in the normal breathing pattern is the most indicative of chest injury.
A patient who has breathing difficulty will usually move in to a position where breathing is easiest. Typically this will be either sitting or reclining.
The tape reduces the mobility of the chest wall and thus limits the already compromised expansion of the lung.
Important Notes
If the chest wall is punctured, air can enter the pleural cavity and the patient can develop Pneumothorax (see Pneumothorax, above). If open chest injuries are not treated properly, they can result in tension pneumothorax.