Living things respond to stimuli in their environment, perform life processes like metabolism, growth and reproduction. The document then describes that cells are the basic unit of structure of living things, and details the functions of key cell structures like the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and lysosomes. It explains how cells combine to form tissues, organs and organ systems.

1. Characteristics of
Living Things

2. Characteristics of Living Things
1. Living things respond to Stimuli
such as light, sound, temperature
and pressure.

3. 2. All living things perform different life
processes such as:
a. METABOLISM
the used or released of
energy in order to
perform different life
processes.
Metabolism includes the:
a)breaking down food

4. Metabolism includes the:
b) building body parts
c) removing waste

5. Metabolism includes the:
b) building body parts
c) removing waste
d) releasing energy
e) movement

6. b. ADAPTATION
The ability of living to
adapt to any changes in
their environment.

7. c. GROWTH
All living things take in food or produce their
own food.
Plants make their own food
Animals take
using water and carbon
food by simple
dioxide along with energy
putting food into
from the sun
their mouth.

8. Living things use the energy they get from the
food to grow.
Growth does not only involved increase in size.
Growth for most living things involves
development.

9. d. REPRODUCTION
Living things produce their own kind.

10. Cells as Unit of Structure
Our body is made up of trillions of building
blocks of life called CELLS.
Cells were discovered by an
English scientist, Robert Hooke,
over 300 years ago.
He was looking at a thin slice of
cork under a microscope.
He saw that the cork showed
regular patterns of tiny, open
spaces.
The pattern reminded him of tiny rooms that he called
“cells”

11. All the activities of life take place in each cell.
Every cell in our body is a
living building block.
Each cell takes in food and
gets rid of wastes
Our body is made up of many kinds of cells that do
different jobs.

12. The cells in our body form tissue.
Tissue is a group of the same kind of cells.
Nerve cell Nerve tissue
Each kind of tissue does a certain job.
Nerve cells form nerve tissues that carry messages
between our brain and other parts of the body.

13. Different tissues that work together form an
ORGAN.

14. Different organs that work together make up an
ORGAN SYSTEM.
Digestive organ

16. Cell Structure and Function

17. Cell Membrane
Is a thin, flexible
membrane
surrounding the cell.
In an animal cell, the cell membrane forms the outer
covering of the cell.
In a plant cell, the cell membrane is inside the cell wall.

19. Cell Wall
The cell wall of plant cells contains cellulose, a nonliving
materials.
Cellulose is a long chain of sugar molecules that is made
by the cell.

20. Food, water, and oxygen
pass into the cell through
the cell membrane.
Wastes pass out of the
cell through the cell
membrane too.
In plants, although the cell wall is thick, it does allow water
and gases to pass through.
The plant cell wall helps give protection and support so the
plant can grow tall.

21. The nucleus is the control center of the cell.
It controls all cellular activities.

22. The thin membrane that
separates the nucleus from
the rest of the cell is called
Nuclear Membrane.
Nuclear Membrane is similar to cell membrane.
Nuclear membrane allows materials to pass into and out of
the nucleus.

23. Outside the nucleus is a clear, thick jellylike materials
called Cytoplasm, which is constantly moving.
Cytoplasm is the term for all the protoplasm, or living
materials of the cell, outside the nucleus.

24. Cytoplasm is where the food,
water, and oxygen taken in by
the cell are used.
The cytoplasm contains other structure like the:
a) ribosomes
b) endoplasmic reticulum
c) Mitochondria
d) lysosomes

25. It is the site of protein
synthesis

26. Endoplasmic
Reticulum is involved
in the transport of
proteins.

27. Mitochondria supply most of the energy of
the cell and are often referred to as the
„powerhouse”

28. Lysosomes are small,
round structures involved
in the digestive activities of
the cell.

29. Vacuoles act like
storage tanks.
Food and other
materials needed by
the cell are stored
inside the vacuoles
Plant cells have large vacuoles while animal
cells have few, small vacuoles.

30. Centrioles
Very important during the cell division

31. The primary Golgi body
functions are to modify
the new proteins
synthesized from the ER
present in the
cytoplasm, then process
them and sort them for
transportation.
The Golgi body is a very
important cell organelle in our
system and without it, no living
cell can function appropriately.

32. 15
14

33. 1.nucleolus, 9. mitochondrion,
2.nucleus, 10. vacuole,
3.ribosome, 11. cytoplasm,
4.vesicle, 12. lysosome,
5. rough endoplasmic 13. centriole.
reticulum, 14. cell membrane
6. Golgi apparatus, 15. Chromatin
7.cytoskeleton,
8.smooth endoplasmic
reticulum,

36. A typical animal cell. The numbers indicate the various organells: 1. nucleolus, 2.
nucleus, 3. ribosome, 4. vesicle, 5. rough endoplasmic reticulum, 6. Golgi aparatus, 7.
cytoskeleton, 8. smooth endoplasmic reticulum, 9. mitochondrion, 10. vacuole, 11.
cytosol, 12. lysosome, 13. centriole.