This document summarizes key concepts about the organization, homeostasis, energy acquisition and release, modes of nutrition, growth and development, reproduction and heredity, detection and response to stimuli, interactions, adaptation, and evolution of living organisms. It describes different types of organisms and their levels of organization. It also outlines various modes of nutrition including autotrophic, heterotrophic, holozoic, saprophytic, and parasitic nutrition. Additionally, it discusses the concepts of homeostasis, energy acquisition and release, growth and development, reproduction and heredity.

2. Organization
Bacteria protozoan Microalgae jelly fish
Organisms exhibit a high level of organization

3. Homeostasis
It is the maintenance of a dynamic internal environment
in terms of temperature, pH, water concentrations, etc.

4. Energy acquisition and release
 Organisms obtain energy from sunlight, inorganic
chemicals, or another organism, and release it in the
cellular respiration process.

5. Modes of nutrition
 Ways of obtaining and using nutrients
Nutrition
Autotrophic Heterotrophic
nutrition nutrition
Holozoic Saprophytic Parasitic
nutrition nutrition nutrition

7. Autotrophic nutrition
 Organisms make their own
food (complex organic
substances) using simple
inorganic substances
 Autotrophs
by photosynthesis

8. Heterotrophic nutrition
 Organisms which depend
on other organisms or dead
organic matters as their
food sources
 Heterotrophs
 Cannot make their own
food and obtain their food
in organic form

9. Holozoic nutrition
 Organisms take in solid organic food from other organisms
 Food needs to be broken down into small molecules before
they can be used by the organisms
 Heterotrophs

10. Animals taking holozoic nutrition
Herbivores
Feed on plants only

11. Animals taking holozoic nutrition
Carnivores
Feed on animals only

12. Animals taking holozoic nutrition
Omnivores
Feed on both plants and animals

13. Saprophytic nutrition (Saprophytism)
 Organisms feed on dead organisms or non-living organic
matter
 They are called saprophytes (fungi, bacteria, etc.)
 Decomposers: Important to recycle organic matter

14. Parasitic nutrition (Parasitism)
 Organisms (parasite) obtain organic compounds from
another living organism of a different species (host)
 Parasite is benefited
 Host is harmed

15. Growth and development
 Even single-celled organisms grow until they develop into
mature cells.
 Multicellular organisms pass through a more complicated
process of differentiation and organogenesis.

16. Reproduction and heredity
 All cells come from existing cells. Therefore, they must
have some way of reproducing, whether that
involves asexual or sexual strategies.
 Genetic information will pass from one generation to
the next one

17. Detection and response to stimuli

18. Interactions

19. Adaptation
Charles Darwin
Living things are suited to their mode of existence.

20. Evolution
Change in the inherited
characteristics of biological
populations over successive
generations.
Evolutionary processes give
rise to diversity at every level
of biological organization
(species, individuals
and molecules, such
as DNA and proteins).