The document describes the main components and structures found within plant and animal cells. It explains that cells have a cell membrane that controls what enters and exits the cell, and many cells also have a cell wall for structural support. Inside the cell is the nucleus, which contains genetic material and directs the cell's activities. Other cellular structures described are mitochondria, which generate energy for the cell, and chloroplasts in plant cells, which capture sunlight to produce food. The cytoplasm contains many organelles that carry out specialized functions like transport, waste removal, and protein production.

1. Cell Structure and Function
Chapter 1, Lesson 2
Looking Inside Cells

2. Cell Wall
 stiff wall that surrounds
the cell membrane and
provides support and
protection for the cell.
Many materials, like
water and oxygen, can
pass through it.

3. Cell Membrane
 a thin membrane that
controls what can enter
or leave the cell, like food
water oxygen and waste.
It forms the boundary
that protects and
separates the cell from
the outside.

4. Nucleus
 a large oval structure
that acts as the
control center of the
cell, directs all
activities. (Like the
BRAIN of a cell)

5. Nuclear Envelope:
 a thin, porous,
protective
membrane around
the nucleus that
allows certain
materials to pass in
and out.

6. Chromatin:
 thin strands floating in
the nucleus that
contains genetic
materials for directing
a cell’s functions.

7. Nucleolus:
 a round structure in
the nucleus that
makes ribosomes
and sends them to
the E.R.

8. Ribosomes:
 small, round
structures that
make proteins.
They can be
attached to the E.R.
or floating in the
cytoplasm.

9. Cytoplasm:
 a gel “like” fluid
where many
organelles are found.
This fluid is in
constant motion.

10. Mitochondria:
 an organelle that
converts food
molecules into
energy the cell
can use to
function.

11. Endoplasmic reticulum:
 a network of
passageways that
carries materials
throughout the cell and
help form many
substances, and helps
the attached
ribosomes make
proteins.

12. Golgi apparatus:
 flattened sacs and tubes
that receive newly
formed materials from
the endoplasmic
reticulum and package
and distribute them to
other parts of the cell.

13. Vacuole
 In a Plant Cell: an organelle
that stores water, food, and
waste products. Plant cells
have only one large one.
 Animal Cell: organelle, in
some animal cells, that
stores food, water, waste,
and other materials. Animal
cells may have many small
ones of these.

14. Lysosomes:
 organelle that contains
chemicals that break down
food particles and worn-out
cell parts.
 Plant Cell: Not all plant
cells have these.
 Animal Cell: These are
found in all animal cells and
are more numerous in
animal cells than plant cells

15. Chloroplast:
 an organelle that
captures energy
from sunlight, and
uses it to produce
food for the cell.
This is what makes
the plant cells
green.

16. Cytoskeleton:
 a type of
protein
framework
inside of
animal cells to
give them
their shape.