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Central Nervous System
The central nervous system (CNS) is comprised of
the brain and spinal cord. The CNS receives
sensory information from the nervous system
and controls the body's responses.
The brain plays a central role in the control of most
bodily functions, including awareness,
movements, sensations, thoughts, speech,
and memory.
Some reflex movements can occur via spinal cord
pathways without the participation of brain
structures. The spinal cord is connected to a
section of the brain called the brainstem and
runs through the spinal canal.
Protections
 Skull and Vertebrae
 3 protective layers called meninges
1. Dura Mater (outer layer): consists of connective tissues,
blood vessels, and nerves.
2. Arachnoid Layer (middle layer): elastic and weblike
3. Pia Mater (inner layer): contains nerves and blood vessels.
 Cerebrospinal fluid
 a clear watery liquid
 separates the middle and inner layers
 Acts as shock absorber
 exchange of nutrients between blood and nervous system
Pons
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Cerebrum
Medulla oblongata Spinal cord
Cerebellum
Pineal
gland
Thalamus
Section 35-3
The Brain
 The brain is the
control center of the
body
 It is about 2% of your
body weight and uses
20% of your body’s
oxygen
Parts of the Brain
 Divided into three parts
1. Cerebrum
2. Cerebellum
3. Brain Stem
1. Cerebrum
1. Largest part of the brain
– Learning and Senses
 2 hemispheres- Right and Left
 Connected by the Corpus Callosum
 Right side controls- left side
 Left side controls – right side of body
 Four sections - LOBES
1. Frontal Lobe 2. Parietal Lobe
3. Occipital Lobe 4.Temporal Lobe
Gray Matter vs. White Matter
 Gray Matter – Absence of myelin in masses
of neurons accounts for the gray matter of
the brain – Cerebral Cortex
 White Matter - Myelinated neurons gives
neurons a white appearance – inner layer of
cerebrum
2. Cerebellum
 Second largest
 located below the
cerebrum at back
of skull
 This part is
responsible for the
balance and
muscle
coordination
 Connects the brain to spinal cord
 The Two Regions act as “switchboard”
 Medulla Oblongata – Controls
heart rate, breathing rate, and flow of
blood through the blood vessels.
 Pons – Relays signals between the
cerebrum and the cerebellum
3. Brain Stem
 Thalamus – receives messages from sensory
receptors; relays information to proper
regions of cerebrum
 Hypothalamus - Regulates hunger, thirst,
fatigue, anger, etc…
 Control of pituitary for endocrine function
Other Structures inside the Brain
Pons
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Cerebrum
Medulla oblongata Spinal cord
Cerebellum
Pineal
gland
Thalamus
Section 35-3
Spinal nerve
Central canalGray matter
White matter
Meninges
Section 35-3
Cross Section of the Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord
 Link between brain and rest of body (PNS)
 31 pairs of spinal nerves
 Reflexes processed directly by spinal cord
 Reflex – quick, automatic, unconscious responses
 Result of reflex arcs – shortest nerve pathways

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Central nervous system

  • 1.
  • 2. Central Nervous System The central nervous system (CNS) is comprised of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS receives sensory information from the nervous system and controls the body's responses. The brain plays a central role in the control of most bodily functions, including awareness, movements, sensations, thoughts, speech, and memory. Some reflex movements can occur via spinal cord pathways without the participation of brain structures. The spinal cord is connected to a section of the brain called the brainstem and runs through the spinal canal.
  • 3. Protections  Skull and Vertebrae  3 protective layers called meninges 1. Dura Mater (outer layer): consists of connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerves. 2. Arachnoid Layer (middle layer): elastic and weblike 3. Pia Mater (inner layer): contains nerves and blood vessels.  Cerebrospinal fluid  a clear watery liquid  separates the middle and inner layers  Acts as shock absorber  exchange of nutrients between blood and nervous system
  • 4.
  • 5. Pons Pituitary gland Hypothalamus Cerebrum Medulla oblongata Spinal cord Cerebellum Pineal gland Thalamus Section 35-3
  • 6. The Brain  The brain is the control center of the body  It is about 2% of your body weight and uses 20% of your body’s oxygen
  • 7. Parts of the Brain  Divided into three parts 1. Cerebrum 2. Cerebellum 3. Brain Stem
  • 8. 1. Cerebrum 1. Largest part of the brain – Learning and Senses  2 hemispheres- Right and Left  Connected by the Corpus Callosum  Right side controls- left side  Left side controls – right side of body  Four sections - LOBES 1. Frontal Lobe 2. Parietal Lobe 3. Occipital Lobe 4.Temporal Lobe
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  • 10. Gray Matter vs. White Matter  Gray Matter – Absence of myelin in masses of neurons accounts for the gray matter of the brain – Cerebral Cortex  White Matter - Myelinated neurons gives neurons a white appearance – inner layer of cerebrum
  • 11. 2. Cerebellum  Second largest  located below the cerebrum at back of skull  This part is responsible for the balance and muscle coordination
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  • 13.  Connects the brain to spinal cord  The Two Regions act as “switchboard”  Medulla Oblongata – Controls heart rate, breathing rate, and flow of blood through the blood vessels.  Pons – Relays signals between the cerebrum and the cerebellum 3. Brain Stem
  • 14.  Thalamus – receives messages from sensory receptors; relays information to proper regions of cerebrum  Hypothalamus - Regulates hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, etc…  Control of pituitary for endocrine function Other Structures inside the Brain
  • 15. Pons Pituitary gland Hypothalamus Cerebrum Medulla oblongata Spinal cord Cerebellum Pineal gland Thalamus Section 35-3
  • 16. Spinal nerve Central canalGray matter White matter Meninges Section 35-3 Cross Section of the Spinal Cord
  • 17. Spinal Cord  Link between brain and rest of body (PNS)  31 pairs of spinal nerves  Reflexes processed directly by spinal cord  Reflex – quick, automatic, unconscious responses  Result of reflex arcs – shortest nerve pathways