The document provides information about the human brain and cerebrum. It discusses that the brain is located in the skull and weighs approximately 1.4 kg on average. It is made up of gray and white matter and is divided into four lobes - frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital - each responsible for different functions. The cerebrum, located in the upper portion of the brain, is the largest part and is divided into right and left hemispheres. It controls vital functions like memory, intelligence, sensory perception, muscle movement, and higher mental processes.

1. Human Anatomy and Physiology-II
Nervous system
(Brain-Cerebrum)
Mr N.JEGAN
Associate Professor
K.M.COLLEGE OF PHARMACY.
MADURAI.

2. Brain-Introduction
► Brain is situated in the skull
► It lie in the cranial cavity
► The adult human brain weighs an average
of 1.4 kg, or about 2 percent of the total body weight
► The brain is the largest mass of nervous tissue in the body.
► It made up of about 100 billion neurons .

3. Brain-Layers
Brain and spinal cord are surrounded by three layers of meninges
1.outer dura mater,
2.Middle arachnoid mater
3.Inner pia mater
The space between arachnoid mater and pia mater
is known as subarachnoid space.
This space is filled
with a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid(CSF).

4. Parts of Brain

6. Cerebrum

7. Cerebrum (forebrain)
► This is largest part of the brain
► It is egg shaped organ.
► It occupies the anterior & middle
cranial faossa and It is located in the
upper portion of the brain

8. Layers of the Cerebrum
Gray matter- Outer layer
Composed mostly of neuron cell bodies
It is also called Cerebral cortex
White matter
Fiber tracts inside the gray matter
Eg: corpus callosum connects hemispheres

9. cerebral hemispheres
► It is divided by a deep cleft, the longitudinal cerebral fissure, into right and
left cerebral hemispheres, each containing one of the lateral ventricles.
► Deep within the brain the hemispheres are connected by a mass of white
matter (nerve fibres) called the corpus callosum.

10. Lobes of the Cerebrum
Each hemisphere of the cerebrum is divided into lobes which take the
names of the bones of the cranium under
which they lie:
1.Frontal lobe
2. Parietal lobe
3. Temporal lobe
4. Occipital lobe

11. Sulcus
The boundaries of the lobes are marked by deep sulci (fissures).
These are the
1.Central sulcus- Between frontal and parietal lobe
2. lateral sulcus- Between parietal and occipital lobe
3.Parieto-occipital sulcus- Between frontal and temporal lobe

12. Cerebral lobe -Functions
► Frontal lobe:-
Center of reasoning, Planning, Emotion, Speech,Problem solving.
► Parietal lobe:-
Receive sensory input from Skin (touch, pain, perception etc.
► Occipital lobe:-
Receive input from eye.
► Temporal lobe:-
Hearing, Memory, Speech

13. Functional Areas of the Cerebrum
The main areas of the cerebrum associated with
1. Motor areas of the cerebrum
Skeletal muscle activity
2. Sensory area
Sensory perception
3. Association area
It control the complex activity in our body.

14. Motor areas of the cerebrum
Area Lobe Location Function
Primary motor area Parietal anterior to central sulcus Contraction of skeletal muscles
Broca's area Frontal above the lateral sulcus Muscle necessary for speech

15. Sensory area of the cerebrum
Area Lobe Location Function
The Somatosensory
area
Parietal behind
the central sulcus.
sensations of pain,
temperature,
pressure and touch
The auditory area Temporal below the lateral sulcus Hearing
The olfactory area Temporal deep within the
temporal lobe
Smell
The taste area Frontal lie just above the
lateral sulcus
Taste
The visual area occipital
lobe
behind the parieto-occipital
sulcus
Vision

16. Association areas of the cerebrum
Area Lobe Location Function
Premotor area Frontal Anterior to the motor area Learned pattern of
movements. For eg. Tying a
shoe lace or writing
The frontal area Frontal Anteriorly from the
premotor area
Behaviour, character and
emotional
Wernick's area Temporal Near parieto-occipital
sulcus
Intelligence, Language and
spoken word perceived

18. Functions of the cerebrum
1.Mental activities involved in memory, intelligence, sense of
responsibility, thinking, reasoning, moral sense and learning.
2. Sensory perception, including the perception of pain,
temperature, touch, sight, hearing, taste and smell
3. Initiation and control of skeletal (voluntary) muscle contraction.

19. Thank you