The nervous system begins prenatally and develops into the spinal cord and brainstem. The brainstem further develops into the cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres. The central nervous system comprises the brain and spinal cord, encased in bone and protected by cerebrospinal fluid. The brain directly controls thoughts, emotions, and motivations while the spinal cord carries information between the brain and body. The peripheral nervous system relays information between the central nervous system and receptors and effectors throughout the body. It connects the brain to sensory organs and muscles via the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

1. NERVOUS SYSTEMNervous system !!!

2. The nervous system begins pre-natally…
It eventually develops
into
the spinal chord with a
specialized extension,
the brainstem
The posterior portion of brain
stem develops the more specialized
cerebellum, and the anterior
Develops the cerebral hemispheres

3. THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYTEM
Comprises two parts: the brain and
spinal chord
Encased in bone for protection. In
addition,
Cerebrospinal fluid circulates inside and
around
the brain for additional protection
Brain – the organ that directly controls
our thoughts,
emotions and motivations.
Spinal cord – a series of interconnected neurons
Extending from the brain to the center of the back.
It carries information to and from the brain

4. the two directional communication in the nervous
system involves two different kinds of nerves and
neurons…..
Receptors – are structures designed to receive sensory
information from the outlying
Nerves of the body and transmit that information back to the
brain thru the spinal chord
Effectors – transmit motor information about
how the body should act in response to the
Information it receives that usually comes from
the brain

5. The Peripheral Nervous System
Comprises all of the nerve cells except those of the brain and the
spinal cord.
The primary job of the PNS is to relay information between the
CNS and the receptors
And effectors lying outside the CNS.
The PNS connects with the receptors in both our external sensory
organs and our Internal body parts.
it connects with the effectors that
produce
Movement, speech and so on.

6. he PNS comprises of two main parts:
vous system – controls quick and conscious movement of
muscles. these muscles are attached directly to
the bone and allow us to move. We have voluntary
control over the muscles served by the somatic system
omic nervous system – controls movement of our non skeletal
muscles (heart and smooth muscles).
The smooth muscles
include those of the blood vessels and the
internal body organs
the Autonomic system is divided into two parts…..

7. Sympathetic nervous system - is concerned primarily with ‘catabolism,’
the process by which your body captures
stores, and uses energy and materials from
food and eliminate wastes
rasympathetic nervous system – concerned with ‘anabolism,’ the process that
stores energy in the body.
These two systems tend to work
in tandem….

8. T h e b r a i
n
Structures and functions

9. forebrain
Located toward the top and front of the brain
comprised of two parts: the telencephalon and diencephalon

10. Telencephalon:
- three parts
~ the cerebral cortex (outer layer of cerebral hemisphere)
plays vital role in our thinking
~ the basal ganglia
a collection of nerves crucial to motor functions
~ the limbic system
imp. to emotion, motivation and learning. Comprises
3 interconnected cerebral structures
a. hippocampus- plays an essential role in the
formation of memories
b. amygdala- plays a role in anger and
aggression
c. septum- involved in anger and fear

11. Diencephalon
- between the telencephalon and midbrain
- comprises the thalamus and hypothalamus
Thalamus- relays incoming sensory information thru
projection fiber to the appropriate
region in the cortex
Hypothalamus- involved in water balance in
tissues and bloodstreams. It
controls much of the autonomic
nervous system and endocrine system
also involved in temp. regulation.
interacts with and is sometimes
viewed as part of the limbic system
therefore involved in behavior
related to survival : fighting, feeding,
fleeing, mating.
hypothalamus

12. the main source of control for visual and auditory
Information. The reticular activating system of the midbra
Regulates state of consciousness, including sleep, wakefuln
Arousal, and attention, as well as breathing and heartbeat
Midbrain

13. hindbrain
Most rearward portion of the brain
1. Medulla oblongata- part of the reticular activating system
helps control heartbeat, breathing,
swallowing, digestion
2. pons- serve as a kind of relay station for signals
passing from one part of the brain to another.
3. cerebellum- involved in bodily coordination, balance,and
muscle tone.

15. fin