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The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The brain is protected by three layers of meninges and situated within the cranium. It is divided into several parts that each have distinct functions. The cerebrum is the largest part and controls conscious thought and voluntary movement. The cerebellum coordinates balance and muscle activity. The medulla oblongata regulates involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate. Other key parts include the thalamus, which relays signals, and the hypothalamus, which helps maintain homeostasis.
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- 2. SABARIGIRI COLLEGE OFEDUCATION Anchal Presented by RATHEESH.R. Option : Natural Science Reg.No: 13379014
- 3. BRAIN AND ITSASSOCIATED PARTS
- 4. INTRODUCTION The brainand the spinal cord are the important parts of the nervous system.The brain is situated inside a bony cranium. The brain is covered by three layers. They are called meninges. Meninges serve the function of protection of brain and of providing nutrients and oxygen to brain tissue through their capillaries. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fills the cavity between these layers.
- 5. PARTS OF ABRAIN 1.Cerebrum 2.Cerebellum 3. Medulla oblongata 4.Thalamus 5.Hypothalamus 6.Pons 7.Corpus Callosum
- 6. 1.Cerebrum Cerebrum isthe largest part of the brain the surface is highly convoluted-divided into left and right hemispheres - hemispheres are bound by a horizontal nerve tract called corpus callosum near the base. The outer cortex of the cerebrum is grey matter and inner medulla is white matter
- 7. Functions Centre ofconsciousness thorough, imagination, memory, analytical thinking Awareness of vision, hearing ,smell taste, touch, heat etc. Control of voluntary action
- 8. 2.Cerebellum Cerebellum seen behind the cerebrum as two lobes – longitudinal grooves seen on the surface in place of convolutions – cortex is grey matter and medulla is white matter
- 9. Functions Maintains balanceand equilibrium of body Coordinates muscular activities and impulses for this come from cerebrum
- 10. 3.Medulla oblongata Medullaoblongata is the most basal part of the brain. It continues behind as the spinal cord. Outer white matter and inner grey matter present.
- 11. Functions Controls heartbeat, breathing contraction of blood vessels, gastrointestinal movements vomiting, sneezing coughing and other involuntary activities.
- 12. 4. Thalamus Thalamusis the nerve centre seen just bellow the cerebrum. it act as relay station for incoming and outgoing impulses
- 13. Functions Relays transmissionof impulses to the cerebrum and from the cerebrum. Prevents passage of many of the impulses to cerebrum during sleep. Narcotics influence the thalamus and thus prevents the passage of pain impulses to cerebrum.
- 14. 5. Hypothalamus Hypothalamus seen just bellow the thalamus. It connected to the pituitary gland through nerves and blood vessels
- 15. Functions Maintains homeostasisby regulating the body temperature, water level etc. Centre of thirst, hunger sexual drive etc Production of hormones oxytocin and vasopressin. Controls the secretion of pituitary hormones Helps to maintain the normal constitution of blood.
- 16. 6. Pons Ponsconnect the two lobes of the cerebellum horizontally Functions Functions as the centre through which impulses travel to and from the cerebellum, spinal cord and other parts of the brain
- 17. 7. Corpus callosum Corpus callosum connect the left and right cerebral hemispheres