This document provides information about cells and their organelles. It states that Robert Hooke first observed cells in cork in 1665 and described them as compartments like jail cells. It then discusses that cells are the basic functional units of living things, are made of organelles that perform different functions, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells. It provides details about the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as the functions of major cell organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, chloroplasts, cytoskeleton, and cilia and flagella.

2.  Robert Hooke
(1665).
 Observed
“cork.” Said
“cork was
made of little
compartments
that looked like
“jail cells.”

3.  Cells are the smallest
working units of living
things.
 All living things are
made of cells.
 All cells come from pre-
existing cells.

4.  Small  Large cells.
 No membrane  Membrane
bound bound
organelles. organelles.
 No nucleus.  True nucleus.
 Non-  Specialized.
specialized.
 Dependant on
 Independent.
other cells .

5.  The cell is like a
factory.
 People and
machines perform
functions in a
factory.
 “Organelles”
perform functions
in a cell.

6.  All factories
produce a product.
 Cell product =
proteins.
 Different cells
produce different
proteins.
 What is needed to
build a protein?

7.  The door to
the factory.
 Semi-
permeable.

8.  The inside
of the
factory.
 Consists of
water
(cytosol)
and
organelles .

9. “Organelles”

10.  The “central office” of the
cell.
 Most cell activity is
initiated here.
 Contains chromosomes
(DNA).
 DNA carries instructions
for how to build something.
What?

12.  The “assembly line
workers.”
 They build proteins (protein
synthesis).
 Once built, proteins can be
either used by the cell or
shipped out to other cells .

13.  “Highway” system.
 Materials can travel on it
throughout the cell.
 Rough ER vs. Smooth ER .

15.  “Packaging”
center of the
cell.
 Puts finishing
touches on
proteins and
prepares
them for
shipment out

16.  Generator of the cell.
 Supplies cell with energy.
 Contains chemicals that
convert food energy to cellular
energy (ATP).
 Some cells have more than
others.
 Contain their own DNA.

17.  Recycling center.
 Repairs damaged cell parts.
 Sometimes parts are beyond
repair.

18.  Storerooms.
What would
they store?
 Larger in plant
cells than
animal cells.
Why?

19.  Cell wall  Cell
and membrane
membrane. only.
 Larger
 Small
vacuoles.
vacuoles.
 Chloroplasts
 No
.
chloroplasts
.

20.  Chloroplasts, like mitochondria,
help power the cell’s systems.
 Capture light energy, and
changes it to usable chemical
energy.

21.  A network of thin materials that
act as a scaffold and support the
organelles.
 Microtubules– hollow filaments of
protein.
 Microfilaments– solid filaments of
protein.

22. Locomotion
Cilia
•Short, numerous, hair-like
projections from the
plasma membrane.
•Move with a coordinated
beating action.

23. Locomotion
Flagella
•Longer, less numerous
projections from the
plasma membrane.
•Move with a whiplike
action.

24. Any Questions over
Prokaryotic/eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cell organelles?
Organelle functions?