This document provides information about plant and animal cell structures and their functions. It begins by discussing the early discoveries of cells and the cell theory. It then describes the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The main organelles of eukaryotic cells are described, including the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, cell wall, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and ribosomes. The functions of these organelles are explained, such as the nucleus containing DNA, mitochondria producing energy, and chloroplasts performing photosynthesis. The document highlights that plant and animal cells share many similarities but plant cells also contain a cell wall and chloroplasts.

1. Plant & Animal Cells

2. Robert Hooke discovered the
first cells. Cork Cells were
thought to have been these
cells.
Anton von Leeuwenhoek was
first to observe one celled living
things. Examples of these were
bacteria and parameciums.

3. The Cell Theory
All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
Cells are the smallest living things.
All organisms living today are descendents of an
ancestral cell.
Cells arise only by division of previously existing cells.
The cell theory (proposed independently in 1838
and 1839) is a cornerstone of biology.
Schleiden
Schwann

4. Two Fundamentally Different Types of Cells
A prokaryotic cell
A eukaryotic cell

5. Eukaryotes and
Prokaryotes

6. Animal and Plant Cells Have More
Similarities Than Differences

7. Cytosol
Cytoplasm refers to the jelly-like material with organelles in
it.
If the organelles were removed, the soluble part that would
be left is called the cytosol. It consists mainly of water with
dissolved substances such as amino acids in it.

8. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolu
s
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm

9. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
1. Nucleus
 Nickname: “The Control Center”
 Function: holds the DNA
 Parts:
1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the
nucleus that helps make ribosomes

10. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm

11. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
2. Ribosomes
 Function: makes proteins
 Found in all cells, prokaryotic and
eukaryotic

12. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
 Nickname: “Roads”
 Function: The internal delivery system of
the cell

13. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes

14. Endoplasmic Reticulum
 2 Types:
1. Rough ER:
 Rough appearance because it has
ribosomes
 Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it
has ribosomes
1. Smooth ER:
 NO ribosomes
 Function: makes fats or lipids

15. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Complex
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm

16. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
4. Golgi Complex
 Nickname: The shippers
 Function: packages, modifies, and
transports materials to different location
inside/outside of the cell
 Appearance: stack of pancakes

17. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm

18. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than
ribosomes)
 Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
 Function: to break down food into
particles the rest of the cell can use and
to destroy old cells

19. Cell suicide (suicide is bad for
cells, but good for us!)
(The lysosome is not found
in plant cells)

20. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm

21. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
6. Mitochondria
 Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
 Function: Energy formation

Breaks down food to make ATP
 ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that
require energy

22. Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm

23.  Now let’s talk about structures only
found in PLANT Cells!!

24. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuol
e

25. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
7. Vacuole (central)
 Function: stores water

This is what makes lettuce crisp
 When there is no water, the plant wilts
The Central Vacuole Controls Turgor Pressure

26. The Central Vacuole Controls Turgor Pressure
flaccid
turgid

27. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts

28. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
8. Chloroplasts
 Function: traps energy from the sun to
produce food for the plant cell
 Green in color because of chlorophyll,
which is a green pigment

29. Chloroplasts
Think of the chloroplast as the solar panel of the plant cell.

30. Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to
Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell
Wall

31. Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
9. Cell Wall
 Function: provides support and
protection to the cell membrane
 Found outside the cell membrane in plant
cells

32. Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm