- The document provides content on the fundamental unit of life - the cell. It discusses key facts about cells, including that cells are the basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms.
- The content covers cell structures like the cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, ribosomes, and plastids. It also discusses the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- The document concludes with 10 multiple choice questions to test understanding of the material presented.
The word cell is derived from the Latin word “cellula” which means “a little room”
It was the British botanist Robert Hooke who, in 1664, while examining a slice of bottle cork under a microscope, found its structure resembling the box-like living quarters of the monks in a monastery, and coined the word “cells”
Diversity of cell size & shape By KK Sahu SirKAUSHAL SAHU
SYNOPSIS
Introduction to cell
Historical Aspects
Cell Diversity
Types Of Cell Diversity
Cell Diversity In Origin
Cell Diversity In size
Cell Diversity In Shape
Some Other Types
5) Differentiation And Specialisation Of Cell Diversity
6) Conclusion
7) References
The word cell is derived from the Latin word “cellula” which means “a little room”
It was the British botanist Robert Hooke who, in 1664, while examining a slice of bottle cork under a microscope, found its structure resembling the box-like living quarters of the monks in a monastery, and coined the word “cells”
Diversity of cell size & shape By KK Sahu SirKAUSHAL SAHU
SYNOPSIS
Introduction to cell
Historical Aspects
Cell Diversity
Types Of Cell Diversity
Cell Diversity In Origin
Cell Diversity In size
Cell Diversity In Shape
Some Other Types
5) Differentiation And Specialisation Of Cell Diversity
6) Conclusion
7) References
Cell as basic unit of life ppt 88 slidesICHHA PURAK
This Power point presentation describes Cell as basic unit of life. The slides provide information about Discovery of cell,cell theory,number,size,shape and cell types .Differentiates prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types and point out major differences in plant and animal cell and also about structure and function of cell organelles
introduction to cell biology
Cell Biology
The cell is a chemical system that can maintain its structure and reproduce.
Cells are the fundamental unit of life.
All living things are cells or composed of cells.
The interior contents of cells in the cytoplasm
The cell is a chemical system that can maintain its structure and reproduce.
Cells are the fundamental unit of life.
All living things are cells or composed of cells.
The interior contents of cells in the cytoplasm.
Cell, in biology, the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed.
A single cell is often a complete organism in itself, such as a bacterium or yeast.
Other cells acquire specialized functions as they mature.
These cells cooperate with other specialized cells and become the building blocks of large multicellular organisms, such as humans and other animals.
The smallest known cells are a group of tiny bacteria called mycoplasmas; some of these single-celled organisms are spheres as small as 0.2 μm in diameter.
Largest cell ….
The largest single-celled organism is an animal
called Syringammina fragilissima, which can grow to a width of 4 inches.
– are highly folded, forming a complex network of tubes.
The biological science which deals with the study of structure, function, molecular organization, growth, reproduction, and genetics of the cells, is called cytology or cell biology
(Gr., kytos = hollow vessel or cell; logos = to discourse).
Much of cell biology is devoted to the study of structures and functions of specialized cells.
Individual cells that form our bodies can grow, reproduce, process information, respond to stimuli, and carry out an amazing array of chemical reactions.
The cell is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology.
What are cells?What are cells? What is a cell?What is a cell? Where do we find cells?Where do we find cells? CellCell: a cell is a basic unit of structure and: a cell is a basic unit of structure and function of life. In other words, cellsfunction of life. In other words, cells make up living things and carry outmake up living things and carry out activities that keep a living thing alive.activities that keep a living thing alive.
Cell as basic unit of life ppt 88 slidesICHHA PURAK
This Power point presentation describes Cell as basic unit of life. The slides provide information about Discovery of cell,cell theory,number,size,shape and cell types .Differentiates prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types and point out major differences in plant and animal cell and also about structure and function of cell organelles
introduction to cell biology
Cell Biology
The cell is a chemical system that can maintain its structure and reproduce.
Cells are the fundamental unit of life.
All living things are cells or composed of cells.
The interior contents of cells in the cytoplasm
The cell is a chemical system that can maintain its structure and reproduce.
Cells are the fundamental unit of life.
All living things are cells or composed of cells.
The interior contents of cells in the cytoplasm.
Cell, in biology, the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed.
A single cell is often a complete organism in itself, such as a bacterium or yeast.
Other cells acquire specialized functions as they mature.
These cells cooperate with other specialized cells and become the building blocks of large multicellular organisms, such as humans and other animals.
The smallest known cells are a group of tiny bacteria called mycoplasmas; some of these single-celled organisms are spheres as small as 0.2 μm in diameter.
Largest cell ….
The largest single-celled organism is an animal
called Syringammina fragilissima, which can grow to a width of 4 inches.
– are highly folded, forming a complex network of tubes.
The biological science which deals with the study of structure, function, molecular organization, growth, reproduction, and genetics of the cells, is called cytology or cell biology
(Gr., kytos = hollow vessel or cell; logos = to discourse).
Much of cell biology is devoted to the study of structures and functions of specialized cells.
Individual cells that form our bodies can grow, reproduce, process information, respond to stimuli, and carry out an amazing array of chemical reactions.
The cell is the basic structural, functional and biological unit of all known living organisms. Cells are the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and are often called the "building blocks of life". The study of cells is called cell biology.
What are cells?What are cells? What is a cell?What is a cell? Where do we find cells?Where do we find cells? CellCell: a cell is a basic unit of structure and: a cell is a basic unit of structure and function of life. In other words, cellsfunction of life. In other words, cells make up living things and carry outmake up living things and carry out activities that keep a living thing alive.activities that keep a living thing alive.
Cell Definition
What is a Cell?
Discovery of Cells
Who discovered cells?
Characteristics of Cells
Types of Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Cell Structure
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell Organelles
Functions of Cell
Cell Theory
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Plm science
1. By - Sumita Pradhan
Id no. - 14162033
B.Ed. 2014 - 2015
2. SLIDES 3 – 11 ARE CONTENT SLIDES FOR
THE TOPIC FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE.
PLEASE READ THE CONTENT
THOROUGHLY.
AFTER THAT, YOU HAVE TO ANSWER 10
MCQs.
TRY TO ANSWER ALL THE QUESTION.
( ANSWER WITH HONESTY)
ANSWER ONE QUESTION AT A TIME AND
GO ORDERLY.
WHENEVER FEEL DIFFICULTY GO TO THE
CONTENT PART.
ENJOY FUN LEARNING …!!
3.
4. Cell: Cell is called the fundamental unit of life.
The word cell is derived from the Latin word “cellula”
which means “a little room”
A cell is capable of independent existence and can
carry out all the functions which are necessary for a
living being. A cell carries out nutrition, respiration,
excretion, transportation and reproduction; the way an
individual organism does. Organisms may be broadly
classified into two
kinds: Unicellular and Multicellular.
Unicellular organisms are capable of independent
existence which shows a cell’s capability to exist
independently. Due to this, a cell is called the
fundamental and structural unit of life. All living
beings are composed of the basic unit of life, i.e. cell.
5.
6. • All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
• The cell is the basic unit of structure, function, and organization in
all organisms.
• All cells come from preexisting, living cells.
HISTORY OF DISCOVERY OF CELLS
It was the British botanist Robert Hooke who, in 1664, while
examining a slice of bottle cork under a microscope, found its
structure resembling the box-like living quarters of the monks in a
monastery, and coined the word “cells”
The Dutch scientist A .V. Leeuwenhoek, in 1674, discovered the
minute forms of life such as bacteria and single celled animals in a
drop of water. Robert Brown discovered the nucleus (1831). Purkinje
coined the term ‘protoplasm (1839). Schleiden (1838) and Schwann
(1839) proposed the Cell Theory. Virchow (1855) made further
addition to the cell theory. The discovery of electron microscope (1940)
made it possible to study the structures of cell organelles.
7. • Shape and Size of Cells:- Cells come in all shapes and sizes. While most
of the cells are spherical in shape, cells of various other shapes are also
found. Most of the cells are microscopic in size, i.e. it is impossible to
see them with naked eyes. Some cells are fairly large, e.g. a neuron in
human body can be as long as 1 meter. The egg of an ostrich is the
largest known cell of a living animal and an average egg is 15 cm long
and 13 cm wide.
• A cell is enclosed in a membranous casing and is filled with a liquid
substance which is called the cytoplasm. There are many cell organelles
in a typical cell. Some of the main structures of a cell are as follows:
• Cell wall: Cell wall is made of cellulose. It is somewhat hard but
permeable to most of the substances. Cell wall is available in plant cells
and in cells of bacteria and fungi.
• Plasma membrane: Plasma membrane is a semi-permeable membrane.
It is composed of bilayer of lipid and protein.
• Functions of Plasma Membrane: Plasma membrane provides a
container to the cytoplasm. It facilitates passage of various substances in
and out of the cell.
8. • Nucleus: Nucleus is covered by double membrane; called nuclear
membrane. The fluid which is inside the nucleus is called nucleoplasm.
Nucleus contains chromosomes which are important for the functioning
of a cell. Chromosomes contain genes which are the carriers of genetic
information. Nucleus plays an important role during cell division.
Nucleus controls all the functions of the cell.
• Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes: Based on the level of organization of
nuclear material, a cell can be categorized as prokaryote or eukaryote.
9. Mitochondria: Mitochondrion is a capsule-like structure. It is a double
membrane structure. Its inner membrane is projected into numerous
finger-like structures; called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of
cellular respiration. After cellular respiration, energy is stored in the
form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate); in mitochondria. Mitochondria
have their own DNA and ribosomes and hence mitochondria can
produce their own protein.
Functions of Mitochondria: Cellular respiration; due to this,
mitochondria are also known as the ‘powerhouse of the cell’.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Endoplasmic reticulum is a mesh-like structure
which is composed of numerous tubes. It extends from the plasma
membrane to the nuclear membrane. There are two kinds of
endoplasmic reticulum, viz. smooth ER and rough ER. Rough ER has
ribosomes on its surface which give it the rough appearance.
Function of ER: It serves as the transport channel in the cell. Substances
are transported from cell membrane to cytoplasm and to nucleus and
vice-versa. ER also serves the role of packaging many substances in the
cell.
Golgi apparatus: Golgi apparatus was discovered by Camillo Golgi. It is
composed of many sac-like structures which are stacked one above
another.
Functions of Golgi apparatus: Golgi apparatus is responsible for
packaging of various substances in the cell.
10. Lysosomes: Lysosomes are small sac-like structures and they are
derived from Golgi complex. Lysosomes contains digestive enzymes.
Functions of lysosomes: The enzymes in the lysosome digest foreign
particles and thus destroy them. Sometimes, the lysosome may burst
open and its content ends up digesting the contents of the cell. The cell
gets killed in the process. Due to this, lysosome is also called the
‘suicide bag of the cell’.
Ribosome: These are tiny dot like structures interspersed in the
cytoplasm and also on the surface of Rough ER. Ribosome is
responsible for protein synthesis.
Plastids: These are somewhat similar to mitochondria; in appearance.
Plastids are found in plant cells. They are of two types, chromoplast
and leucoplast. Colourful plastids are called chromomplast and
colourless plastids are called leucoplast. Chloroplast is green in colour
and is found in green parts of plants. Plastids too have their own DNA
and ribosome.
Functions of Plastids: Leucoplasts are responsible for storing food;
such as carbohydrates, protein and lipid. Chromoplasts impart various
colours to the plant parts. A leaf of a plant is green in colour because
of chloroplast. Chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis.
11. Vacuoles: These are fluid filled chambers and are often seen in
many cells. Vacuoles are very large in plant cells. A plant cell
usually has single but large vacuole. Such a vacuole fills almost
the entire space inside the cell. Vacuoles are much smaller and
very few in animal cells.
