1. The document provides instructions on how to properly cite sources using footnotes in an essay, including highlighting text, inserting footnotes, and adding source information to each footnote. 2. It lists key terms that must be referenced from specific sources, providing the source information to copy into each footnote. 3. The use of "Ibid" is described to reference the same source in consecutive footnotes. 4. A bibliography page is to be included at the end that alphabetically lists all sources referenced, distinguishing between books, films, and internet sources.

1. Comparative Analysis - Footnotes
1)Howto footnote:
- Highlight the word/theory/theorist in your essay – e.g ‘personally identify’
- Go to:
-
- Then click on Insert – Make sure it’s in Number format (1, 2, 3):
Where the number shows at the bottom of the page, type in/copy in the information for that
word/theory/theorist
For example:
Copy in the Source here (See next page)

2. 2) Inserting the source (book,internet) into the footnotes:
Below is a list of ALL of the key terms/theory YOU MUST refer to in your
Comparative Analysis.
YOU SHOULD, once you have created a footnote, Copy & Paste the relevant
information into the footnote.
If you give an example from the film (for example “dialogue”) YOU MUST foonote
the film as well.
For example:
4 ‘Knocked Up’ (Date) Dir.
Theory/Key term Source (Copy + Paste this information in!)
Emasculation http://www.thefreedictionary.com/emasculation
Katz’ Uses & Gratifications
theory
Blumler, Jay G. & Katz, Elihu – The Uses of mass communications:
Current perspectives on gratifications research – 1974 - Sage
Tamar Jeffers McDonalds’
(2007) views on the genre.
Jeffers McDonald, Tamar – Romantic Comedy – Boy meets Girl Meets
Genre – 2007 – Columbia University Press

Levi Strauss Binary
Opposition
Fourie, Pieter J. – Media Studies: Media History, Media and Society –
2008 – Juta & Co
David Gauntlett theory on
‘Knocked Up’ and the Rom-
Com genre.
Gauntlett, David – Media, Gender and Identity: An Introduction –
2008 - Routledge

Ferdinand De Saussure
“Signs act as signifiers”
Hill, Stephen– Media and Cultural theory – 2010 – Bevis & Fenner
Publishing
Timothy Corrigan “new man”
theory
Corrigan, Timothy – American Cinema of the 2000’s: Themes &
Variations – 2012 – Rutgers University

John Berger “Men act,
women appear”
Berger, John – Ways of Seeing – 2008 - Penguin
Wendy Helsby’s “a window
into the World”
Helsby, Wendy – Understanding representation – 2005 - BFI
Laura Mulvey “Male Gaze”
and “Fetishisation”
Penley, Constance – Feminism and film theory – 1988 - Routledge
Diana Saco “Female Gaze” Saco, Diana – Feminist Film Criticism: The Piano and the female gaze
- 2004
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs Rayner, Phillip – AS Media Studies – 2004 - Routledge
Claire Mortimer theory on
the “Rom-Com” genre
Mortimer, Claire – Romantic Comedy – 2010 - Routledge

Todorov’s 3 part narrative Binder, Guyora and Weisberg, Robert – Literary Criticisms of Law –
2000 – Princeton University Press
Roland Barthes Enigma
codes
Fourie, Pieter Jacobus – Media Studies: Contents, Audiences and
Production – 2001 – Juta Education
Steve Neale – Genre theory Neale, Steve – Genre and Hollywood – 2012 - Routledge
Propp’s Character roles Smith, Phillip and Riley, Alexander – Cultural Theory: An

3. theory Introduction – 2011 – Blackwell Publishing
Zeitgeist http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Zeitgeist
Hartley’s 7 Subjectivities Hartley, John – Understanding News – 1982 – Methuen and Co Ltd
Antonio Gramsci –
Hegemony/Hegemonic
Equilibrium
Adamson, Water. L – Hegemony and Revolution: A study of Antonio
Gramsci’s political and cultural theory – 1983 – University of
California Press
Phillip Morency “Emotional
Role reversal” in ‘Forgetting
Sarah Marshall’
Morency, Phillip - On the Aisle – Volume 2: Film, Reviews – 2010 -
Stanley Cavell “Comedy re-
marriage”
Cavell, Stanley – Pursuits of Happiness: The Hollywood comedy of
remarriage – 1981 – Harvard Film Studies
“Drone” Game Axis Magazine – July 2008
Misogyny Gilmore, David D. – Misogyny: The Male Malady – 2009 – University
of Pennsylvania Press
Metrosexual Tungate, Mark – Branded Men: Marketing to Men – 2008
Machismo http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/machismo
Misandry http://www.thefreedictionary.com/misandry
‘Test of maturity’ (Robert Bly
– 1986)
Pease, Bob and Camilleri, Peter – Working with men in the human
services – 2001 – National Library of Australia
Femme-fatale http://www.thefreedictionary.com/femme+fatale
Neale & Krutnik “Monstrous
characters”
Neale, Steve and Krutnik, Frank – Popular Film and Television
Comedy – 1990 - Routledge
Alpha-Male http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=alpha%20male
3) Ibid
YOU MUST insert this term if you reference the same theory one after the other – for
example:
WRONG
2 Adamson, Water. L – Hegemony and Revolution: A study of Antonio Gramsci’s political and
cultural theory – 1983 – University of California Press
3 Adamson, Water. L – Hegemony and Revolution: A study of Antonio Gramsci’s political and
cultural theory – 1983 – University of California Press
CORRECT
2 Adamson, Water. L – Hegemony and Revolution: A study of Antonio Gramsci’s political and
cultural theory – 1983 – University of California Press
3 Ibid
4) Bibliography
Once you’ve completed your footnoting, YOU MUST produce a page that contains all of the
sources of information you have referenced.
The sources MUST be in alphabetical order in terms of surname FIRST – See below for
example
E.g

4. Bibliography
Books:
Berger, John – Ways of Seeing – 2008 – Penguin
Binder, Guyora and Weisberg, Robert – Literary Criticisms of Law – 2000 – Princeton
University Press
Blumler, Jay G. & Katz, Elihu – The Uses of mass communications: Current perspectives on
gratifications research – 1974 – Sage
Etc.
Film:
‘Forgetting Sarah Marshall’ (2008) Dir. Nicholas Stoller
‘Knocked Up’ (2007) Dir. Judd Apatow
Internet:
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/emasculation
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Zeitgeist