The human circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other materials to cells throughout the body and removes waste via the blood. Blood is pumped from the heart through arteries and returns to the heart via veins, circulating through a closed double loop system. The heart has four chambers that pump blood through two circuits - pulmonary circulation to the lungs and systemic circulation to the rest of the body. Diseases can develop if blood pressure and cholesterol levels rise due to risk factors like genetics, diet, smoking, and lack of exercise.

1. The Human Circulatory System

2. What is Circulation?
• All living things must capture materials from
their environment that enables them to carry on
life processes.
• Single celled organisms “capture” materials
from their environment through diffusion.
• In larger organisms, these “materials” not only
have to be captured, but also circulated to all
cells in the organism.

3. Human Circulatory Functions
• Transport oxygen gas
(hemoglobin).
• Transport carbon
dioxide gas.
• Transport food
molecules (lipids,
carbos, amino acids).
• Transport hormones.
• Maintain body
temperature.
• Works with immune
system to help fight
disease.

4. Blood
• In 1628, William Harvey
demonstrated that blood
travels in one direction and in
a “closed circuit.”
• Blood is pumped out of the
heart to all parts of the body to
“drop off” materials and “pick
up” waste products.
• Blood is a “liquid tissue” that
consists of different parts.

5. Blood Composition

6. Blood Clot

7. Blood Vessels

8. “Double Loop System”

10. Human Heart

11. Human Heart Anatomy

12. Vocabulary Words
• Circulation
• Hormone
• Plasma
• Erythrocyte
• Leukocyte
• Hemoglobin
• Platelets
• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries
• Atrium
• Ventricle
• Vena Cava
• Aorta
• Bicuspid valve
• Tricuspid valve
• Pacemaker
• Pulmonary artery

13. Vocabulary Words cont.
• Pulmonary veins
• Systemic circulation
• Pulmonary circulation
• Jugular vein
• Carotid artery
• Renal vein and artery
• Hepatic vein and artery
• Subclavian artery and
vein
• Plaque
• Diastolic pressure
• Systolic pressure
• CBC
• HDL cholesterol
• LDL cholesterol
• Cardiovascular disease
• Atherosclerosis
• Hypertension

14. Blood Pressure
• When ventricles contract,
blood is forced into the
arteries.
• Pressure.
• When ventricles relax,
pressure decreases.
• How is blood pressure
measured?

15. Blood Pressure
• 120/80 mmHg What does this mean?
• Numerator gives pressure in artery when heart
is squeezed (systolic).
• Denominator gives pressure in artery when
heart is relaxed (diastolic).
• With age, arteries become less elastic (less
flexible) and pressure builds up.

16. Blood Chemistry
• With a blood sample, many things can be
studied about the blood.
• A “CBC” or complete blood count can
count the red and white blood cells,
platelets, and amount of plasma to look for
irregularities.

17. Cholesterol
• Cholesterol is needed by the body for
making cells and hormones.
• Two types: HDL and LDL
• LDL “bad cholesterol” cannot be removed
from the body. Builds up on artery walls.
• HDL “good cholesterol” can be carried to
the liver and removed from the body.
• A “cardiac risk profile” measures the
amount of cholesterol in the blood.

18. Diseases of the Heart
• “Cardiovascular disease.” Diseases of the
heart and blood vessels.
• Leading cause of death in the U.S.
• Plaque.
• Atherosclerosis (blocked arteries).
• Results in hypertension (high blood
pressure), strokes, or heart attacks.

19. Heart Attack

20. Causes of Cardiovascular
Disease
• Genetics
• Lack of exercise.
• Diet high in saturated
fats.
• Cigarette smoking.

21. Angioplasty