The document provides background information on the history and development of cell theory. It includes: 1) Key scientists like Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, and Schwann who made early microscopic observations of cells and contributed to the theory. 2) The three main points of cell theory - that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function, and new cells come from pre-existing cells. 3) Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including their structures and whether they have a nucleus. Bacteria are an example of prokaryotic cells.

1. Quest 3:
Cells and
microscopes

2. NOTES
Develop a timeline showing dates and
scientists that led to this theory. Include the
following scientists: Theodor Schwann,
Matthias Schleiden, Virchow, Robert
Hooke, Van Leeuwenhoek, (remember
Redi, and Louis Pasteur add them also).

3. History of Cells
1. Robert Hooke - 1665
Observed cork (oak bark)
under the microscope
First to see dead
cells
Calledthem CELLS –they
reminded him of the shape
of monk dorms in
monastery.
3

4. Hooke’s Microscope and Cells
4

5. Anton von Leeuwenhoek- 1674
 Improved the Microscope
 Looked at samples of pond and
drinking water
 First person to see living
cells (“animalcules”)
 Protista and other creatures in
water
5

6. 150-200 Year Gap???
Between the Hooke/Leuwenhoek
discoveries and the mid 19th century, very
little cell advancements were made.
This is probably due to the widely
accepted, traditional belief in Spontaneous
Generation.
Examples:
-Mice from dirty clothes/corn husks
-Maggots from rotting meat

7. Matthias Schleiden - 1838
 Plants are made of
cells
7

8. Theodor Schwann - 1839
Animals are
made of cells
All organisms
are made of
cells
8

9. Rudolph Virchow -1855
All cells come
from other
cells
(no spontaneous
generation)
9

10. NOTES
State the 3 parts of the cell theory.

11. The Cell Theory
1. All living things are made of
cells = A
2. Cells are the basic units of of
structure and function in living
organisms = B
3. New cells come from preexisting
cells = C
11
Remember you’re ABC’s!

12. Modern Cell Theory
Modern Cell Theory contains 3 statements,
in addition to the original Cell Theory:
The cell contains hereditary information(DNA)
 All cells are basically the same in chemical
composition and metabolic activities.
Cellcontain specialized structures
(organelles) to perform life functions

13. Notes
Thinking Question: How did our
knowledge of cells evolve with the
collaboration among scientists and new
technologies? (Modern Cell Theory)

14. NOTES
Draw the cells in slides 15-17 explaining what
you think their function is related to its structure.
Cells How does their shape relate to
their/aid their function

15. Cell Shape and Function
The shape of the cell is related
to the job (function) of the cell
15

16. Cell Diversity
Redand White
Blood Cells • Muscle cells 16

17. Neurons:
Nervous cells
Fat Cells
17

18. NOTES
Draw and label parts of a microscope.

19. Compound Light Microscope
◦ Light source
◦ View living tissue
◦ View up to 0.5 micrometers

20. How we study cells
Electron Microscope (EM)
◦ View smaller than 0.5 micrometers
◦ Specimen coated in thin layer of metal
◦ Electron beam used to create image
◦ TEM (transmission)
◦ SEM (scanning) – 3D surface image

21. Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
There are 2 basic types of cells
◦ Prokaryotic
◦ Eukaryotic
Differences:
 Presence/absence of nucleus,
 Presence/absence organelles
 Small/large size
21

22. NOTES
1. List 3 ways that prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are SIMILAR and DIFFERENT. Give an example of
a prokaryotic cell and an example of a eukaryotic cell.

23. Eukaryotic Cells
 Complex
 Have Nucleus
 Genetic material (DNA) inside
the nucleus
 Many membranes
 Evolved from prokaryotic cells
 Example: cells of plants,
animals, fungi, and protists.
23

24. Eukaryotic Cells: Animals
 Many,Small
vacuoles
 No cell wall
 No chloroplasts
 Multicellular
24

25. Various Plant and
Plant
animal cells
Animal

26. NOTES
Use the next slides to fill in the vocab
chart and color the cell pictures

27. Eukaryotic Organelles
Cell membrane: surrounds the outside of
the cell

28. Nucleus  Control center of the cell
 Contains DNA = the genetic
material
 DNA has the coded
information to make
proteins
 Chromosomes are made of
DNA
 Nucleus is surrounded by a
nuclear membrane
 The nucleolus is a small
region inside the nucleus.
Ribosomes are made here.
28

29. Cytoplasm
•The fluid that fills the cell and
holds its organelles
•Contains dissolved enzymes and
molecules the cell needs to stay
alive
•Holds the microtubules and
myofilaments that are the cells
“skeleton”

30. Mitochondria
 Transform the chemical energy of
food (glucose) into energy the
cell can use
 This process is called cell
respiration
 Power plant of the cell
 ALL cells have mitochondria
30

31. Lysosome:
Contains digestive
enzymes that help
break down waste

32. Endoplasmic Reticulum = ER
 Made of many folded membranes
 Place where lipids and some proteins are assembled
 The system of “highways” moves things around the
cell
32

33. Smooth ER
 Smooth ER does not have
ribosomes attached to it
33

34. Rough ER
 ER is called rough
because it has
ribosomes attached to
it – looks bumpy, rough
34

35. Ribosomes
 Ribosomes are in charge of making
proteins.
 Ribosomes join amino acids
together to make proteins
 Ribosomes are located free in the
cytoplasm OR attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum
35

36. Golgi Body
 Golgi modifies, sorts, and packs
proteins and other materials for
export
 Golgi sorts and packs them (Post
Office)
36

37.  Storematerials such as
water, salts, carbohydrates
Vacuoles
 Animalcells have many
small vacuoles
 Plant cells have a large
central vacuole filled
with fluid
 Pressurefrom water in
vacuole helps plants
maintain the shape. If
vacuole is not full plant
wilts.
37

38. Chloroplasts
 Capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into
chemical energy (sugars)
 This process is called photosynthesis
 FOUND ONLY IN PLANT CELLS
• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll (a
pigment)
• Chloroplasts are like solar power
plants
38

39. Cell Wall
Providessupport
and protection for
the PLANT cell
Plantcell walls are
made of cellulose
(carbohydrate)
39

40. Cytoskeleton-holds hold shape
Flagella- Centrioles-
Cilia –tiny tail-like aids in
hairs that part helps reproduction
helps in in of the cell
movement movement

41. NOTES
1. How are animal and plant cells similar? How are they different?

42. Types of Eukaryotic organisms

43. NOTES
Fill
in the chart about unicellular organisms
(PROTISTS)
Mobility Example drawing

44. Eukaryotic Cells: Protists
 Unicellular
 One cell satisfies all the needs of the organism
– one cell does everything!!!
 Grouped by Movement :
A. Flagellum
B. Cilia
C. Pseudopods
44

45. Protista: Euglena Protista: Paramecium
A. Move using a flagellum, one B. Move using cilia (short hair-like
long whip-like structure) structures)
45

46. Protista: Amoeba
C. Move using pseudopods (pseudo=false; pods= feet),
projections of the cytoplasm
46

47. PROKARYOTIC CELLS:
 Simple (primitive)
ALL BACTERIA
 No Nucleus
(Genetic material (DNA) is lose
inside the cell)
 No organelles with
membranes
 The only membrane is the cell
membrane
 Have ribosomes
 Have cell wall
 Most primitive cells: First cells
on Earth
 Example: Bacteria
(E. coli, Streptococcus) 47

48. Types of prokaryotic cells
Oscillatoria
Lactobacillus

49. Prokaryotic Cells: Bacteria
49