Lecture Outline
Introduction to subject
Application Areas
Power Electronic Devices
Power Converters
What is power electronics?
1) Definition
Power Electronics: is the electronics applied to conversion and control of electric power.
Prerequisites
Power electronics incorporates concepts from the fields of
Analog circuits
Electronic devices
Control systems
Power systems
Magnetics
Electric machines
Numerical simulation
Scope
It is not possible to build practical computers, cell phones, personal data devices, cars, airplanes, industrial processes, and other everyday products without power electronics.
Alternative energy systems such as wind generators, solar power, fuel cells, and others require power electronics to function.
Technology advances such as electric and hybrid vehicles, laptop computers, microwave ovens, flat-panel displays, LED lighting, and hundreds of other innovations were not possible until advances in power electronics enabled their implementation.
Although no one can predict the future, it is certain that power electronics will be at the heart of fundamental energy innovations.
Applications: Electric VehicleTesla Model S
Functions of the power electronics:
1. Convert the DC battery voltage to the variable AC required to drive the AC motor
240 V battery
Variable-frequency, variable-voltage AC drives the motor
AC motor propels the rear axle
Up to 330 kW (acceleration)
Up to 60 kW regenerative braking
2. Control charging of the battery
Interface to 240 V 60 Hz 1φ 100 A circuit in garage.
Control AC current waveform to be sinusoidal, unity power factor.
Control charging of battery to maximize life.
Applications: Hybrid VehiclesPrius
Power Electronics Module:
Convert the DC battery voltage to the variable AC required to drive the AC motor.
Includes dc-dc boost converter and dc-3φ ac inverter
Control system can operate in all-electric mode or in hybrid gas+electric mode
Partial-power electronics
Lecture Outline
Introduction to subject
Application Areas
Power Electronic Devices
Power Converters
What is power electronics?
1) Definition
Power Electronics: is the electronics applied to conversion and control of electric power.
Prerequisites
Power electronics incorporates concepts from the fields of
Analog circuits
Electronic devices
Control systems
Power systems
Magnetics
Electric machines
Numerical simulation
Scope
It is not possible to build practical computers, cell phones, personal data devices, cars, airplanes, industrial processes, and other everyday products without power electronics.
Alternative energy systems such as wind generators, solar power, fuel cells, and others require power electronics to function.
Technology advances such as electric and hybrid vehicles, laptop computers, microwave ovens, flat-panel displays, LED lighting, and hundreds of other innovations were not possible until advances in power electronics enabled their implementation.
Although no one can predict the future, it is certain that power electronics will be at the heart of fundamental energy innovations.
Applications: Electric VehicleTesla Model S
Functions of the power electronics:
1. Convert the DC battery voltage to the variable AC required to drive the AC motor
240 V battery
Variable-frequency, variable-voltage AC drives the motor
AC motor propels the rear axle
Up to 330 kW (acceleration)
Up to 60 kW regenerative braking
2. Control charging of the battery
Interface to 240 V 60 Hz 1φ 100 A circuit in garage.
Control AC current waveform to be sinusoidal, unity power factor.
Control charging of battery to maximize life.
Applications: Hybrid VehiclesPrius
Power Electronics Module:
Convert the DC battery voltage to the variable AC required to drive the AC motor.
Includes dc-dc boost converter and dc-3φ ac inverter
Control system can operate in all-electric mode or in hybrid gas+electric mode
Partial-power electronics
This gives you brief description to electrical power quality problems such as Ttransients, short and long duration voltage variation, voltage unbalance, waveform distortion,voltage fluctuations and power frequency variations.
Introduction to reactive power control in electrical powerDr.Raja R
Introduction to reactive power control in electrical power
Reactive power in transmission line :
Reactive power control
Reactive power and its importance
Apparent Power
Reactive Power
Apparent Power
Reactive Power Formula
Inverter is a device which convert a DC input supply voltage into symmetric AC voltage of desired magnitude and frequency at the output side. It is also know as DC-AC converter.
Ideal and practical inverter have sinusoidal and no-sinusoidal waveforms at output respectively.
If the input dc is a voltage source, the inverter is called a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). One can similarly think of a Current Source Inverter (CSI), where the input to the circuit is a current source. The VSI circuit has direct control over ‘output (ac) voltage’ whereas the CSI directly controls ‘output (ac) current.
Inverter is a device which convert a DC input supply voltage into symmetric AC voltage of desired magnitude and frequency at the output side. It is also know as DC-AC converter.
Ideal and practical inverter have sinusoidal and no-sinusoidal waveforms at output respectively.
If the input dc is a voltage source, the inverter is called a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). One can similarly think of a Current Source Inverter (CSI), where the input to the circuit is a current source. The VSI circuit has direct control over ‘output (ac) voltage’ whereas the CSI directly controls ‘output (ac) current.
three level diode clamp inverter. that converts any type of DC ( rectified, PV cell, battery etc.) to AC supply. we made by mosfet and ardiuno . in this ppt we present the Simulink model of a three-level inverter and the hardware presentation of the inverter.
Design and Simulation of Power Factor Correction Boost Converter using Hyster...ijtsrd
Nowadays various power converters like AC DC or DC DC are widely used due to their flexible output voltage and high efficiency. But these converters take the current in the form of pulses from the utility grid so that the high Total Harmonic Distortion THD and poor Power Factor PF are the major disadvantages of these converters. Hence there is a continuous need for PF improvement and reduction of line current harmonics. The most popular topology for Active Power Factor Correction APFC is a boost converter as it draws continuous input current. This input current can be manipulated by Hysteresis control technique. The boost converter can perform this type of active power factor correction in many discontinuous and continuous modes. The design and simulation of boost converter with power factor correction in continuous conduction mode is represented by using MATLAB SIMULINK software. Yu Yu Khin | Yan Aung Oo "Design and Simulation of Power Factor Correction Boost Converter using Hysteresis Control" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27905.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27905/design-and-simulation-of-power-factor-correction-boost-converter-using-hysteresis-control/yu-yu-khin
The concept of FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System) refers to a family of power electronics-based devices able to enhance AC system controllability and stability and to increase power transfer capability.
This gives you brief description to electrical power quality problems such as Ttransients, short and long duration voltage variation, voltage unbalance, waveform distortion,voltage fluctuations and power frequency variations.
Introduction to reactive power control in electrical powerDr.Raja R
Introduction to reactive power control in electrical power
Reactive power in transmission line :
Reactive power control
Reactive power and its importance
Apparent Power
Reactive Power
Apparent Power
Reactive Power Formula
Inverter is a device which convert a DC input supply voltage into symmetric AC voltage of desired magnitude and frequency at the output side. It is also know as DC-AC converter.
Ideal and practical inverter have sinusoidal and no-sinusoidal waveforms at output respectively.
If the input dc is a voltage source, the inverter is called a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). One can similarly think of a Current Source Inverter (CSI), where the input to the circuit is a current source. The VSI circuit has direct control over ‘output (ac) voltage’ whereas the CSI directly controls ‘output (ac) current.
Inverter is a device which convert a DC input supply voltage into symmetric AC voltage of desired magnitude and frequency at the output side. It is also know as DC-AC converter.
Ideal and practical inverter have sinusoidal and no-sinusoidal waveforms at output respectively.
If the input dc is a voltage source, the inverter is called a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). One can similarly think of a Current Source Inverter (CSI), where the input to the circuit is a current source. The VSI circuit has direct control over ‘output (ac) voltage’ whereas the CSI directly controls ‘output (ac) current.
three level diode clamp inverter. that converts any type of DC ( rectified, PV cell, battery etc.) to AC supply. we made by mosfet and ardiuno . in this ppt we present the Simulink model of a three-level inverter and the hardware presentation of the inverter.
Design and Simulation of Power Factor Correction Boost Converter using Hyster...ijtsrd
Nowadays various power converters like AC DC or DC DC are widely used due to their flexible output voltage and high efficiency. But these converters take the current in the form of pulses from the utility grid so that the high Total Harmonic Distortion THD and poor Power Factor PF are the major disadvantages of these converters. Hence there is a continuous need for PF improvement and reduction of line current harmonics. The most popular topology for Active Power Factor Correction APFC is a boost converter as it draws continuous input current. This input current can be manipulated by Hysteresis control technique. The boost converter can perform this type of active power factor correction in many discontinuous and continuous modes. The design and simulation of boost converter with power factor correction in continuous conduction mode is represented by using MATLAB SIMULINK software. Yu Yu Khin | Yan Aung Oo "Design and Simulation of Power Factor Correction Boost Converter using Hysteresis Control" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27905.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27905/design-and-simulation-of-power-factor-correction-boost-converter-using-hysteresis-control/yu-yu-khin
The concept of FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System) refers to a family of power electronics-based devices able to enhance AC system controllability and stability and to increase power transfer capability.
O.C & S.C Test, Sumpner or back to back Test, Condition for maximum efficienc...Abhishek Choksi
Sub: DC Machines and Transformer (2130904)
Active Learning Assignment
Topic: O.C & S.C Test, Sumpner or back to back Test, Condition for maximum efficiency, All day Efficiency
Nowadays, it is very important to maintain voltage level. Controlling of that voltage is also important. This Presentation contains methods of voltage control.
Load Frequency Control of Two Area SystemManash Deka
This is a synopsis presentation on a project of designing and analyzing Load Frequency Control (LFC) of a two area system. This is useful for students, basically of Electrical Engineering branch. This project will be simulated in simulink of MATLAB.
It is very useful power point presentation on the "Grid Voltage Regulation"
it consist all thing related with topic.
I have already presented and got 100% credit.
Grid-Connection Control and Simulation of PMSG Wind Power System Based on Mul...ijsrd.com
This dissertation proposes a wind energy conversion system is composed of a wind turbine PMSG, a rectifier, and an inverter. The wind turbine PMSG transforms the mechanical power from the wind into the electrical power, while the rectifier converts the AC power into DC power and controls the speed of the PMSG. The controllable inverter helps in converting the DC power to variable frequency and magnitude AC power. With the voltage oriented control, the inverter also possesses the ability to control the active and reactive powers injected into the grid. Multilevel inerter is used to step up the voltage and to reduce the THD. Here nine level and eleven level inverter are used and the voltage increases and THD reduces from 12.87 % to 7.46 %. Active and reactive power is controlled dc stabilization and the reactive power is near to unity Here PI controller is used to control the inverter output rms voltage and LC filter is used to remove the harmonics available in the system.
Buck converter controlled with ZAD and FPIC for DC-DC signal regulationTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents the performance of a fixed-point induction control (FPIC) technique working in conjunction with the non-linear control technique called zero average dynamics (ZAD) to control chaos in a buck converter. The control technique consists of a sliding surface in which the error tends to zero at each sampling period. A switch is controlled by using centered pulse width modulation (CPWM) control signal. The converter controlled with ZAD-FPIC has been simulated in Matlab and implemented using rapid control prototyping (RCP) in a DSP to make comparisons between simulation and experimental tests. To perform this comparison, some variations in the control parameter and the voltage reference are made in order to evaluate the performance of the system. Results are obtained with errors lower than 1 % which demonstrates the good performance of the control techniques.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
On the dynamic behavior of the current in the condenser of a boost converter ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, an analytical and numerical study is conducted on the dynamics of the current in the condenser of a boost converter controlled with ZAD, using a pulse PWM to the symmetric center. A stability analysis of periodic 1T-orbits was made by the analytical calculation of the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix of the dynamic system, where the presence of flip and Neimar–Sacker-type bifurcations was determined. The presence of chaos, which is controlled by ZAD and FPIC techniques, is shown from the analysis of Lyapunov exponents.
Total Harmonic Distortion of Dodecagonal Space Vector ModulationIJPEDS-IAES
Space vector modulation technique is one of the best PWM techniques which have been implemented to the Multilevel inverter circuit to get the purely sinusoidal cuurent. This is a important algorithm which is implemented in open wind induction motor. This type of I.M has great impact on Electric Drive system. SVM is nothing but the technique of switching algorithm. The Hexagonal space vector modulation has been implemented before, but elimination of higher order harmonics is not possible. Torque pulsation arises. Speed control of Induction motor was not smooth. So Dodecagonal (12) structure developed. A 12 side polygonal space vector structure is meant for eliminating (6n±1) harmonics in the phase current waveform throughout the modulating range. A high resolution of PWM technique is proposed involving multiple 12 sided polygonal (Dodecagonal) structure that can generate highly sinusoidal voltage at a reduced switching frequency. In this paper different values of frequencies have been taken for harmonic analysis. SVM method features a higher level of dc-bus voltage utilization compared to the conventional PWM.
In this paper, a three-phase load connected to a NPC three-level inverter is presented. To generate gate signals for the multilevel inverter, two commands are developed and compared: the phase disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM) and the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). DC supply is provided by photovoltaic cells. Boost converter controls the power transfer from photovoltaic generator. Due to nonlinear I-V characteristics of photovoltaic cells, a maximum power point tracking algorithm is adopted to maximize the output power, the nonlinear controller (sliding mode) is developed and simulated. To verify the effectivnesse of the introdueced controller, it is compared with the fuzzy logic controller. Matlab-simulink is used for simulation, analysis and interpretation the results of these controllers.
The purpose of this project was to make an interactive floor. We used the projector for projection on the floor on a specific area . When any object will entered in projected area then floor will interact virtually .Floor is fully designed with our desired type of animation. Designed like produce waves in water, spreading leaves or flowers etc.
Series and parallel connection of mosfetMafaz Ahmed
The parallel connection of MOSFETs allows higher load currents to be handled by sharing the current between the individual switches. Because MOSFETs have a positive temperature coefficient they can be parallel without the need for source resistors.
Project Loon is a network of balloons traveling on the edge of space, designed to connect people in rural and remote areas. The balloon is also considerably used to gather weather information such as atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity and wind speed.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects, devices, buildings and other items which are connected with electronics, software, sensors, and network, so they can collect and exchange data.
Interoperability among various Generations of Telecom TechnologiesMafaz Ahmed
Interoperability means that how different telecommunication devices of different generation communicate with each other. This topic is gaining importance because we have to make the devices backward compatible so that old devices can work together with new evolved system and techniques. It is the main problem of today’s telecommunication industry to establish a link between heterogeneous networks.
Everywhere DC motors are used in large applications, the use of drives are very necessary for the smooth running and operating of these motors. The DC motor drives are used mainly for good speed regulation, frequent starting, braking and reversing.
Energy Crisis, Different Energy Sources and Role of Power ElectronicsMafaz Ahmed
An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. In popular literature though, it often refers to one of the energy sources used at a certain time and place, particularly those that supply national electricity grids or serve as fuel for vehicles
RADIO ON RADIO OVER FIBER EFFICIENT FRONTHAULING FOR SMALL CELLS AND MOVING C...Mafaz Ahmed
A combination of fiber and radio links would be
attractive for efficient front-hauling to small cells
and moving cells. However, achieving connectivity
by using wired-wireless media converters significantly
increases system complexity, power consumption,
and latency. A seamless combination of
fiber and radio links in which photonics-based
technologies are used to generate and transmit
radio wave signals is more suitable.
In this project we will be controlling the speed of Dc motor using Arduino controller. Dc motor is drive by using PWM technique and then using encoder to sense the rpm of DC motor. Encoder produces pulses in the output, which is feed into Arduino and Arduino controls the speed of DC motor. So we have implemented the feedback system which controls the speed of DC motor.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Calculating the efficiency and regulation of transformer using matlab
1. Name : Mafaz Ahmed
CALCULATING THE EFFICIENCY AND
REGULATION OF TRANSFORMER
2. Abstract:
In this project the ideal have been
develop to find the Efficiency and Regulation of a
transformer using Matlab and GUI. We will be using
the values from the OPEN circuit test and short
CIRCUIT test. In this project I have use approaches
to find the efficiency and regulation, first by using
simple code and second by using GUI.
Machine:
A machine is a tool containing one or
more parts that uses energy to perform an intended
action. Machines are usually powered by mechanical,
chemical, thermal, or electrical means, and are often
motorized.
Types of Machines:
Transformer
Generator
Motor
Transformer:
A transformer is an electrical
device that transfers energy between two or more
circuits through electromagnetic induction.
Working and Construction:
A varying current in the transformer's
primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in
the core and a varying magnetic field impinging on
the secondary winding. This varying magnetic field at
the secondary induces a varying electromotive
force (emf) or voltage in the secondary winding.
Making use of Faraday's Law in conjunction with high
magnetic permeability core properties, transformers
can thus be designed to efficiently
change AC voltages from one voltage level to another
within power networks.
According to faraday’s law of induction, we have
And
3. Step-Up Transformer:
On a step-up transformer there
are more turns on the secondary coil than the
primary coil. The induced voltage across the
secondary coil is greater than the applied voltage
across the primary coil or in other words the voltage
has been “stepped-up”.
Step-Down Transformer:
A step down
transformer has less turns on the secondary coil that
the primary coil. The induced voltage across the
secondary coil is less the applied voltage across the
primary coil or in other words the voltage is “stepped-
down”.
Efficiency of a Transformer:
Efficiency of a
transformer can be defined as the output power
divided by the input power. As follows
The graph of efficiency vs output power is given
below
4. Transformer Voltage Regulation:
Voltage
Regulation is a measure of change in the voltage
magnitude between the sending and receiving end of
a component, such as a transmission or distribution
line. Voltage regulation describes the ability of a
system to provide near constant voltage over a wide
range of load conditions.
Voltage regulation of transformer at lagging power
factor,
Voltage regulation of transformer at leading power
factor,
IMPLEMENTING Efficiency and
Regulation IN MATLAB:
1st
Approach Using just M-File:
Code:
close all
clear all
clc
disp('CALCULATING THE TRANSFORMER
EFFICIENCY AND REGULATION')
kva=input('KVA RATING = ');
v1=input('V1 = ');
v2=input('V2 = ');
disp('Enter the vales of OPEN
CIRCUIT')
vo=input('Enter the open cicuit
voltage Vo in volts = ');
io=input('Enter the open cicuit
current Io Ampare = ');
wo=input('Enter the open cicuit
power Wo in Watts = ');
disp('Enter the vales of SHORT
CIRCUIT')
vsc=input('Enter the short cicuit
voltage VSC in Volts= ');
isc=input('Enter the short cicuit
current ISC in Ampare= ');
wsc=input('Enter the short cicuit
power Wsc in Watts = ');
disp('POWER FACTOR')
cosqo=wo/(io*vo)
disp('Component Current')
ic=io*cosqo
disp('Magnetizing Current ')
s=acosd(0.1);
sinqo=sind(s);
im=io*sinqo
disp('Value of Ro')
ro=vo/ic
disp('Reactance Xo')
xo=vo/im
disp('Now For SHORT circuit')
disp('Resistance')
5. r1e=wsc/(isc*isc)
disp('Impedance')
z1e=vsc/isc
disp('Reactance')
x=r1e*r1e;
y=z1e*z1e;
c=y-x;
x1e=sqrt(c)
z=input('"0" for lagging power
factor and "1" for leading power
factor ');
switch(z)
case 0
cosq2=input('Power Factor on
lagging for efficiency = ');
cosq=input('Power Factor on
lagging for Regulation = ');
disp('VOLTAGE REGULATION OF
A TRANSFORMER')
d=acosd(cosq);
sinq=sind(d);
R=((isc*r1e*cosq+isc*x1e*sinq)/v1)*1
00
case 1
cosq2=input('Power Factor on
leading for efficiency = ');
cosq=input('Power Factor on
leading for Regulation = ');
disp('VOLTAGE REGULATION OF
A TRANSFORMER')
d=acosd(cosq);
sinq=sind(d);
R=((isc*r1e*cosq-
isc*x1e*sinq)/v1)*100
end
disp('EFFICIENCY OF A TRANSFORMER')
n=((kva*cosq2)/(kva*cosq2+wo+wsc))*1
00
for i=1:100
m(i)=(i/100)*((kva*cosq2)/((i/100)*(
kva*cosq2)+wo+wsc*(i/100)^2))*100;
Rg(i)=(((i/100)*isc*r1e*cosq-
(i/100)*isc*x1e*sinq)/v1)*100;
end
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(m);title('Efficiency');
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(Rg);title('Regulation');
After Executing the code and what
parameters are define:
CALCULATING THE TRANSFORMER EFFICIENCY AND
REGULATION
KVA RATING = 5000
V1 = 500
V2 = 250
Enter the vales of OPEN CIRCUIT
Enter the open cicuit voltage Vo in volts = 500
Enter the open cicuit current Io Ampare = 1
Enter the open cicuit power Wo in Watts = 50
Enter the vales of SHORT CIRCUIT
Enter the short cicuit voltage VSC in Volts= 25
Enter the short cicuit current ISC in Ampare= 10
Enter the short cicuit power Wsc in Watts = 60
POWER FACTOR
cosqo =
0.1000
Component Current
ic =
0.1000
Magnetizing Current
im =
6. 0.9950
Value of Ro
ro =
5000
Reactance Xo
xo =
502.5189
Now For SHORT circuit
Resistance
r1e =
0.6000
Impedance
z1e =
2.5000
Reactance
x1e =
2.4269
"0" for lagging power factor and "1" for leading
power factor 0
Power Factor on lagging for efficiency = 0.8
Power Factor on lagging for Regulation = 0.8
VOLTAGE REGULATION OF A TRANSFORMER
R =
3.8723
EFFICIENCY OF A TRANSFORMER
n =
97.3236
Graph:
2nd
Approach using GUI:
Code:
% --- Executes on button press in
pushbutton1.
function
pushbutton1_Callback(hObject,
eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to pushbutton1
(see GCBO)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
40
60
80
100
Efficiency
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
Regulation
7. % eventdata reserved - to be
defined in a future version of
MATLAB
% handles structure with handles
and user data (see GUIDATA)
kv=str2num(get(handles.kva,'string')
);
pv=str2num(get(handles.v1,'string'))
;
sv=str2num(get(handles.v2,'string'))
;
V_o=str2num(get(handles.vo,'string')
);
P_o=str2num(get(handles.wo,'string')
);
I_o=str2num(get(handles.io,'string')
);
V_s=str2num(get(handles.vse,'string'
));
P_s=str2num(get(handles.wse,'string'
));
I_s=str2num(get(handles.ise,'string'
));
Pf=str2num(get(handles.pf,'string'))
;
%Pf=P_o/(I_o*V_o)
ic=I_o*Pf
s=acosd(0.1);
sinqo=sind(s);
im=I_o*sinqo;
ro=V_o/ic;
xo=V_o/im
r1e=P_s/(I_s*I_s)
z1e=V_s/I_s
x=r1e*r1e;
y=z1e*z1e;
c=y-x;
x1e=sqrt(c);
disp('EFFICIENCY OF A TRANSFORMER')
n=((kv*1000*Pf)/(kv*1000*Pf+P_o+P_s)
)*100
d=acosd(Pf);
sinq=sind(d);
R=((I_s*r1e*Pf-I_s*x1e*sinq)/pv)*100
for i=1:100
m(i)=(i/100)*((kv*1000*Pf)/((i/100)*
(kv*1000*Pf)+P_o+P_s*(i/100)^2))*100
;
Rg(i)=(((i/100)*I_s*r1e*Pf-
(i/100)*I_s*x1e*sinq)/pv)*100;
end
axes(handles.eff)
plot(m);
%title('Efficiency vs %load
current');
xlabel('Percentage Load Current',
'color', [0 0 0.5],'erasemode',
'xor')
ylabel('eta %', 'color', [0 0
0.5], 'erasemode', 'xor')
axes(handles.reg)
plot(Rg);
%title('Regulation vs %load
current');
xlabel('Percentage Load Current',
'color', [0 0 0.5],'erasemode',
'xor')
ylabel('Voltage Regulation',
'color', [0 0 0.5], 'erasemode',
'xor')
PLOT:
The graph show the efficiency and
regulation of a transformer and we can analyze the
efficiency and regulation using graph.
8. WHAT I LEARN:
How to implement a transformers equations
in matlab.
How to find the cosine and sin of radian and
degree. Both have different syntax in matlab.
How to find the inverse of cosine and sin.
How efficiency and voltage regulation
behaves in transformers.
How efficiency is different from voltage
regulation.
How to find efficiency of a transformer.
How to find the voltage regulation of a
transformer.
How to use GUI.
Conclusion:
In the initial state, the efficiency
of a transformer is low as shown in the figure, but it
increase to a stable value as it gets stable. On the
other hand the graph of the regulation is decreasing,
and it gets to the minimum value after short little
time. So we can conclude that for a good transformer
efficiency should be high and on the other hand
regulation should be small.
Using this method we can find any
transformer efficiency and regulation by just entering
the values(parameters) and we will get the efficiency
and regulation, and their graphs. With which we can
analyze that transformer.
References:
http://driverlayer.com/img/efficiency%20of%
20transformer/20/any
Signal and system labs Handouts.
http://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref
/asin.html
http://www.electricaleasy.com/2014/04/tran
sformer-losses-and-efficiency.html