This document discusses constraints and load flow analysis in power systems. It outlines four key constraints: active power constraint, reactive power constraint, voltage magnitude constraint, and load angle constraint. It also describes load flow analysis as a balanced mechanism between demand and generation under incremental loading. Load flow analysis is important for the safe and future operation of power systems. The document further discusses bus classification, basic power flow conditions including the proportional relationships between reactive power and voltage and active power and load angle. It also covers the development of the Y-bus matrix considering line resistances and inductances alone and then including line capacitances.

1. POWER SYSTEM
OPERATION AND CONTROL
PRESENTED BY:
Submitted to:
SHANKAR SETHY
Dr. Abhimanyu Mohapatra
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Dr. Ranjan Kumar Jena
CET,BBSR

2. CONTENTS:
* CONSTRAINTS OF POWER SYSTEM
1.ACTIVE POWER CONSTRAINT
2.REACTIVE POWER CONSTRAINT
3.VOLTAGE MAGNITUDE CONSTRAINT
4.LOAD ANGLE CONSTRAINT
* LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS
1.BUS CLASSIFICATION
2.BASIC POWER FLOW CONDITIONS
3.DEVELOPMENT OF Y-BUS MATRIX

3. CONSTRAINTS:
CONSTRAINTS MEANS LIMITATIONS OR
BASIC OPERATING CONDITIONS IN
POWER SYSTEM
FOUR CONSTRAINTS ARE THERE.
1.ACTIVE POWER CONSTRAINT
2.REACTIVE POWER CONSTRAINT
3.VOLTAGE MAGNITUDE CONSTRAINT
4.LOAD ANGLE CONSTRAINT

5. LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS:
* IT IS A BALANCED MECHANISM
BETWEEN DEMAND AND GENERATION
UNDER INCREMENTAL LOADING
CONDITIONS
*AT PRESENT,, FOR SAFE OPERATION
OF THE SYSTEM AND IN FUTURE,, FOR
THE EXTENSION OF POWER SYSTEM

6. BASIC POWER FLOW CONDITIONS:
1.REACTIVE POWER IS PROPORTIONAL
TO BUSBAR VOLTAGE
2.ACTIVE POWER IS PROPORTIONAL
TO LOAD ANGLE

7. BUS CLASSIFICATION
(a) LOAD BUS (OR) P-Q BUS
(b) GENERATOR BUS (OR) P-V BUS
(c) SLACK BUS

9. DEVELOPMENT OF Y-BUS MATRIX:
HERE TWO CASE STUDIES ARE
CONSIDERED TO DEVELOP Y-BUS
MATRIX.
(1) BY CONSIDERATION OF LINE
RESISTANCE & INDUCTANCE ONLY
(2) CAPACITANCE TAKEN INTO
CONSIDERATION ALONGWITH
RESISTANCE & INDUCTANCE

10. CASE - 1:
CONSIDER THE DIAGRAM

11. CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING FIGURE

12. CASE - 2:
CAPACITANCE EXISTS IN SHUNT, DISTRIBUTED
ALONG THE LINE AS SHOWN IN THE FIGURE

14. THIS IS ALL ABOUT SYSTEM
MODELLING AND Y-BUS
MATRIX.
NOW I CONCLUDE HERE.
THANKS……