This document discusses biomedical waste management. It outlines the sources and examples of biomedical waste, and describes the key steps in management: segregation, collection and storage, transportation, and treatment/disposal through incineration, autoclaving, or sharp pits. Safety measures for healthcare workers are also reviewed. Proper biomedical waste management is needed to protect the environment, public, and workers from infectious disease transmission.

1. BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
Submitted To –
Dept.of Biotechnology
Presented By –
Sonika Chouhan
M.Sc. II Sem

2. Content
 Introduction
 Sources
 examples
 Steps of biomedical waste management
 Segregation
 Collection and storage
 Transportation
 Treatment and disposal
 Incineration
 Autoclaving
 Sharp pit
 Safety measures
 Conclusion
 Reference

3. Introduction
• Biomedical waste may be defined as any
solid, liquid waste material .
• These are generated during short term, long
term care consisting of observational
,diagnostic , therapeutic service for a person
suffering from disease or injury.
(healthcare unit)
• These are also produced during research
work.

4. • 80-90% waste are generated.
• This comes from the administrative and
housekeeping functions of hospital and
laboratory.
• A common bio-medical waste treatment
facility is used for treatment (CBMWTF) and
dispose of biomedical waste
Conti….

5. Sources of BMW
• The biomedical waste is
generated by-
• Hospitals
• Health clinics
• Nursing home
• Medical research
laboratory
• Veterinary hospitals
• Funeral homes

6. Examples of infectious
waste include -
Discarded blood,
unwanted microbial
cultures and stock,
human animal tissues,
used bandages,
dressing materials,
discarded gloves
needles, scalpels,
lancets .

7. Need for safety treatment and
disposal of BMW
• Due to increase in population the amount of
biomedical waste generation also increases.
• BMW is capable of causing infectious diseases.
• Inappropriate treatment and disposal can
spread tuberclosis , HIV infection etc.

8. Management
• Biomedical waste must be properly managed
and disposed.
• To protect the environment , general public
and workers, especially healthcare and
sanitation workers.
• They face a risk of exposure to biomedical
waste as an occupational hazards.

9. Steps of biomedical waste
management
Treatment and Disposal
Collection &
Storage
Transportation
Segregation

10. Segregation: Segregation should be
done as per categories
s.no. Waste type Treatment
1. Human anatomical waste
(Human tissues , Organ , Body
part)
Incineration /deep buried
2. Animal waste (Animal tissues ,
Organ , Body part or waste
generated from veternity
hospital etc. )
Incineration /deep buried
3. Microbial & biotechnology waste
(Waste from laboratories ,stocks
culture of m.o. research work
,industrial lab. Etc. )
Local Autoclaving
4. Incineration ash
(ash from incineration of any
BMW)
Deep buried in soil

11. Collection and storage
• Location of container
All the container having different coloured plastic
bags should be located at the point of generation
of waste i.e. near diagnostic services area.
Bags
It should be ensured that waste bags are filled upto
only ¾ capacity.
These should be tightly packed and removed from
the site of generation.

12. Storage of waste
Untreated BMW should not be stored beyond
48 hour.

13. Transportation
• Inside the hospital
• Waste route should be designed separate.
• Dedicated wheel trolleys are used , it should
be cleaned with disinfectant.
• Trolleys should not have sharp edges.
• Outside the hospital
• BMW shall be transported only in vehicles
authorized by specific government.

15. Treatment and Disposal of waste
Biomedical waste
• Anatomical waste should be deep buried.
• Syrings to be cut with hubcutter.
• Infected plastics should be chemically autoclaved
, recycled or sent for final disposal into municipal
dumps.
There are following methods of treatment-
• Incineration
• Autoclaving
• Sharp pit

16. Incineration
• It is a process in which waste is destructed in
furnance by controlled burning at high
temperature.
• It removes water from hazardous sludge,
• It convert it into non-burnable ash that can
safely disposed on land in water and
underground pits.

18. Conti…
It has the following parameters-
 Temp. should be 900-1000*c.
 The waste is exposed for atleast two seconds.
 It should have the air pollution control
equipments.

19. Autoclaving
• This process is used for microbiology lab.
Waste ,human blood or any fluid
waste.autoclaving is a time-tested process of
sterelization of medical waste using high
temperature and high pressure steam.
• Effective sterilization results in the destruction
of bacteria ,virus spores and other pathogenic
micro organisms.

20. Fig. Autoclave

21. Sharp pit
• Sharp waste (needles,scalpel,lancet ) can be
disposed into a circular or rectangular pit.
• Pit can dug and lined with bricks , masonary or
concrete rings
• The pit should be covered with heavy concrete
slab.
• It should be half filled with waste.
• Rest of pit should be filled with soil.

22. Fig. Sharp pit

23. Safety measures
• The following protection equipment should be
used by health care worker –
• Gloves
• Masks
• Protective glasses
• Plastic Apron
• Boots

24. Cap
Mask
Glasses
Apron
Gloves
Boots

25. conclusion
• The BMW generated from hospitals and other
sources will be treated without polluting the
environment.
• All the above treatment and disposal
processes is done under BMWM guidelines.
• The remaining material after incineration
should be safely buried.

26. Reference
• Google
• Journal of environment science
• BWM rule book.