This document provides information on biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and categorizes it into 8 categories according to the new rules of 2011. It discusses the importance of waste segregation by color coding and describes appropriate treatment methods for different categories of waste like incineration, autoclaving, and chemical treatment. The techniques of waste disposal and the role of nurses in ensuring proper biomedical waste management are also outlined.

1. BIO– MEDICALWASTEMANAGEMENT
MARKAD RAVINDRA .A.
NURSING TUTOR.
SCHOOL OF NURSING
K.E.M. HOSPITAL
PAREL MUMBAI - 400012

2. AIM:-
To provide knowledge regarding the bio medical waste management .
OBJECTIVES :
At the end of session students will be able:-
1) To define bio- medical waste .
2) To categorise the bio medical waste .
3) To explain about the waste segregation .
4) To understand the techniques of waste disposal .
5) To know about the treatment of bio medical waste.

3. Definition
“ Bio- medical waste means any solid and
liquid waste which is generated in the process of
healthcare, research testing or related procedure on
humans or animals conducted in hospitals,
laboratories, clinics or similar establishments.”

4. Categories of bio- medical waste
The new bio- medical waste rules 2011 has been
notified to replace the earlier rules 1998 . According to new rules ,
Eight categories of bio-medical waste have been describe instead of
Ten categories under the earlier rules 1998.

5. CATEGORIES NATURE OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
Categories no-1 Human anatomical waste (human tissues , organs and body parts)
Categories no -2 Animal waste ( animal tissues , organs , body parts , fluid blood and experimental animals used in
research discharge from hospitals and animal houses)
Categories no -3 Microbiology & biotechnology waste & other laboratory waste (waste from laboratory cultures , stocks or
specimens of microorganisms ,infectious agents from research )
Categories no -4 Waste sharps(needles , syringes , scalpels , blades , glass etc. which may cause puncture& cuts)
Categories no-5 Discarded medicines & cytotoxic drugs( waste comprising of outdated contaminated and discarded
medicines)
Categories no-6 Solid waste( items contaminated with blood and body fluids including cotton , dressings, linens , other
material contaminated with blood)
Categories no-7 Infectious solid waste( waste generated from disposable items other than waste sharps such as tubing ,
catheters , intravenous set etc.
Categories no-8 Chemical waste ( chemicals used in production of biologicals and chemicals used in disinfections as
insecticides etc.)

6. Waste segregation :-
This consist of placing different kind of waste in different containers or
colour coded bags at the point of generation .
It helps to reduce the bulk of infectious waste as well as treatment costs
segregation.
It helps to contain the spread of infection and reduce the chances of infection
in other health care workers.

7. Colour coding Type of containers Waste category Treatment option
Yellow Non-chlorinated plastics bags
, puncture proof container
All remove parts of the body
during operation
1,2,5,6.
Incineration
Red Plastic bags or puncture
proof container for sharps
Cotton , gauze , bandage plasters
etc.
3,4,7.
Autoclaving / chemical
treatment
Blue Non- chlorinated plastic bags
/ container
Plastic and rubber disposable
items such as Iv sets, syringe,
catheters , gloves etc.
8.
Chemical treatment
Black Non – chlorinated plastic
bags
Municipal waste Disposal in municipal
dump site.
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN HOSPITAL

11. TREATMENT OF BIO – MEDICAL WASTE : -
• Chemical disinfection : - This infection is done for the following category of waste
such as sharp waste disposable infectious, chemical waste, plastics , infectious glassware
e.g. effective disinfectant is hypo – chloride .
• Sharp decontaminating unit : - sharp waste in a puncture proof container and filled
with hypo-chloride after 30 minutes , contains brain into puncture proof container for
transferring to shredding machines .
• Autoclave : - waste neat to be undergo auto – clave of 60 minutes waste cruising term
laboratories as cultures and sharp must be autoclave before disposal by incineration .
• Microwave : - it is special treatment to the treat most infectious waste except body
parts cyto-toxin waste etc. .
• Chemical treatment : - chemical waste must first being neutralize with appropriate free
agent then flush into sewer system .

12. Time limit for treatment : -
1)Infectious waste : - infectious waste other than sharp waste is treated
within 14 days of generation and disposed within 5 days their after .
1)Sharp waste : - sharp waste is to the treated by on slight stem
sterilization within days of syringe the sharp container ones treated to
sharp waste is placed into lock container .

13. TECHNIQUES OF WASTE DISPOSAL :-
INCINERATION :- In a specially design double chambered incinerator the waste the
waste material is burnt at a high temperature of 800 C.- 1200 C .
DEEP BURIAL : - Waste materials including sharp – edged items are put in deep
trenches & covered with lime and filled with soil .
CHEMICAL TREATMENT : - sharp items like needles , disposable plastics , infectious
glassware , blood , body fluids, etc. are first treated with a suitable disinfectant & then
autoclaved .
AUTOCLAVING : - All micro – biological waste , body fluids , blood & blood products are
autoclaved at 121 C For 30 minutes and then buried or disposed off like any ordinary waste .

15. Universal precaution : -
1) Assume that all specimens / patient are potentially
infections for HIV and other blood borne pathogens .
2) All blood specimens or body fluids should be placed in a
leak proof in pervious Use personal protective equipment
handling blood and body fluid specimens .
3) Use bags for transportation to the laboratory .
4) Wear laboratory coats or gowns .
5) Never try to pipette by mouth.

16. 6) De contaminated the laboratory work surface with an
appropriate disinfectant after the spillage of blood or other
body fluids and when the procedure are completed .
7) Limit use of needles and syringe to situation for which
there are no other alternatives .
8) Biological safety hoods should be used for hospital work.
9) Sharp instrument should handle with care.
10) In case of injury immediately follow post exposure
prophylaxis (PEP) as per NACO guidelines, necessary to
medication (ART)with in 2 hours.

17. Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) as per NACO guidelines

19. ROLE OF NURSE IN BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
The nurse should be :-
• Well equipped with latest information.
• Rule, skills and practice in arranging and handling BMW.
• BMW topic add in all nursing curriculums.
• There should be continue system of BMW management by nursing
supervisor for nurses and also take initiative in hospital infection
control activity.
• Nurse expert should take initiative in BMW related Research and Audit.
• supervised and guide other health team members when doing practice

20. • vaccinating HEPATITIS ‘B’ all nursing staff and other health team
members.
• It is better to use such techniques which can prevent and minimize
waste production.
• Co-ordinating between Occupied and operator in handling of waste as
per BMW Management Rule – 2016.
• Accident Reporting :- as per BMW management Rule – 2016 in case of
any accident related to BMW, must be informed to concerning
authority.
• Maintain record and reporting.