This document discusses single cell protein (SCP) production using microorganisms. It describes how certain algae, bacteria, fungi and yeast can be used as sources of SCP. The key microorganisms used - algae like Spirulina, bacteria like Candida utilis, and yeasts like Saccharomyces fragilis - must be non-pathogenic, nutritious, easily and cheaply produced at scale, toxin-free, and fast-growing. The document outlines the mass culture production methods for these microorganisms, including using photobioreactors for algae and fermentation processes for bacteria and yeast. It also discusses downstream processing after fermentation to recover the microbial biomass for use

1. PRESENTED BY:-
Sonika
MSc

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 SINGLE CELL PROTEIN
 MICROORGANISMS
 BASIC STEPS OF SCP PRODUCTION
 ALGAE AS SCP
 BACTERIA AS SCP
 FUNGAL SCP
 YEAST SCP

3. INTRODUCTION
 Single cell proteins is the dried biomass of
a single species of microbe that can be
used as a protein source in the diet, is
known as single cell protein.
 Biomass of certain algae, some fungi and
some bacteria are used as single cell
proteins.

5. MICROORGANISMS USED IN SCP PRODUCTION 1. ALGAE
 2.BACTERIA
 3. YEAST
 4. FUNGI

6. MICROORGANISMS USED IN SCP PRODUCTION
MUST BE 1. NON PATHOGENIC
 2. GOOD NUTRITIONAL VALUE
 3. EASILY AND CHEAPLY PRODUCED ON SCALE
 4. TOXIN FREE
 5. FAST GROWING
 6. EASY TO SEPARATE FROM MEDIUM

7. MICROORGANISMS
ALGAE BACTERIA FUNGI YEAST

9. ALGAE AS SCP Microalgae such as Spirulina, Chlorella,
Scenedesmus, Dunaliella etc are
consumed as Single Cell Protein.
 Algal SCP has about 60% crude protein.
 They are suitable for animal feeds or
protein rich supplements.

10. SPIRULINA
 Spirulina is a spirally
coiled, multicellular,
filamentous blue
green algae.
 Found in freshwater.
Brackishwater,
marine waters.
 Biomass is a rich
source of protein,
vitamins, minerals
and beta carotene

11. MASS CULTURE OF SPIRULINA
 Cultured in large scales in artificial ponds,
tanks, oxidation ponds.
Three methods of
culturing
 1.Open circulatory system.
 2.oxidation pond system.
 3.photobioreactors(PBR).

12. 1. OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
 Man-made open tank.
 May be circular or rectangular.
 Medium is filled in the open circulatory
tank.
 Tank is inoculated with small volume of
Spirulina.
 Culture is stirred continuously
 Spirulina grow rapidly.

13. 2.OXIDATION POND SYSTEM
 All solid wastes and suspended particles
are removed from the sewage.
 Sewage water allowed to flow in to an
oxidation pond.
 Spirulina culture is inoculated.
 Spirulina produce dense mat on the
surface of sewage water.
 Biomass is harvested.

14. 3. PHOTOBIOREACTORS(PBRs) These are transparent tubes or
containers.
 PBRs provide more controlled
environment for better growth.
 PBRs offers the following advantages:-
 Easy maintenance of the algal culture.
 Protection from contaminations.
 Avoidance of water loss.
 Low cost of production.

15. USES
As health food.
 As therapeutic agent.
As a supplement animal feed.
As a raw material for cosmetics.
USES

16. BACTERIA
 Dried biomass of some bacteria is rich in
protein.
 They can be grown in cheap renewable
raw material and wastes.
 For ex:- Candida utilis,
 Candida lipolytica,
 Methylophilus methylotrophus,
 Cellulomonas etc are consumed as protein
sources.

17. MASS PRODUCTION OF BACTERIAL SCP 1.FORMULATION OF MEDIUM:-
 Bacterial cells require a suitable carbon
source, P,K, Na,H2 and trace element for their
growth.
 Other nutrients are added to it.
 And dilute properly to formulate culture medium.

18. CONTI….2. FERMENTATION:-
sterilized medium pumped in to air lift
fermenter.
Inoculation of bacterium.
Mixing of sterile air.
Broth is harvested.

19. RECOVERY OF BACTERIAL BIOMASS
+
Centrifuge
HARVESTED
BROTH
WATER
REMOVAL
OF WATER

20. FUNGI AS SCP A few yeast or moulds are being used as
SCP.
 Fungi grow rapidly on wide variety of
cheap raw materials.
 Less amount of nucleic acid.
 Digestibility and acceptability of fungal
protein is high.
FUNGAL AS SCP

21. YEASTS
 Many yeast are consumed as SCP.
 Ex. Saccharomyces fragilis,
 Candida utilis,
 Candida lipolytica,
 Rodotorula glutinis,
 Torulopsis.

22. MASS CULTURE Can be grown by fed batch fermentation.
 Addition of inorganic materials such as
N,P,K,Fe,Mg,AND S.
 Diluted with water and sterilization of
medium.
 Medium is filled in fermenter.
 Inoculation of yeast.
 Sterile air is pumped.
 Broth is harvested.

23. Steri
lized
medi
um
Bacte
rial
suspe
nsion
Centrif
ugatio
n
Drying
Heat
shock
Toxicity
test
SCPferment
er
waterwate
r
Production of bacterial biomass for single cell
protein

24. Reference
Google
Research paper