This document summarizes biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and categories waste into 10 types. Improper management poses infection risks to patients, waste handlers, and the public. The key needs are segregation by color-coding, safe transportation, and treatment via incineration, autoclaving, or chemical disinfection. Indian law requires hospitals to follow the Biomedical Waste Rules of 1998 for safe handling from point of generation to final disposal. Proper management is a legal and social responsibility to prevent disease transmission and environmental pollution.
India is likely to generate about 775.5 tons of medical wast per day by 2020, from the current level of 550.9 tons per day growing at CAGR about 7%.
Safe and effective management of waste is not only a legal necessity but also a social responsibility.
India is likely to generate about 775.5 tons of medical wast per day by 2020, from the current level of 550.9 tons per day growing at CAGR about 7%.
Safe and effective management of waste is not only a legal necessity but also a social responsibility.
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2. Let the waste of the “sick”
not contaminate the lives of
“The Healthy”
3. CONTENT
• Definition
• Categories of Biomedical Waste
• Problem associated with Biomedical waste
• Need for Biomedical Waste Management
• Step to manage hazardous waste
• Treatment techniques
• Biomedical waste management in India
• Environmental legislation
• Conclusion
• Summary
4. Biomedical Waste (BMW)
is…
• Solid waste generated during the
diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or
production of biological products for
humans or animals (WHO)
• WHO estimates
– 85% of hospital waste is non-hazardous
– 10% is infectious
– 5% is non-infectious but consists of hazardous
chemicals like methylchloride and formaldehyde.
5. TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES
WASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE
Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste
Category No. 2 Animal Waste
Category No. 3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste
Category No. 4 Waste Sharps
Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic
Category No. 5
drugs
Category No. 6 Soiled Waste
Category No. 7 Solid Waste
Category No. 8 Liquid Waste
Category No. 9 Incineration Ash
Category No.10 Chemical Waste
7. PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BMW
ORGANISM DISEASES CAUSED RELATED WASTE ITEM
VIRUSES AIDS, Infectious Hepatitis, Infected needles, body
HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis Infectious Hepatitis, Fluids, Human excreta, soiled
A,C, Arboviruses, Dengue, Japanese linen, Blood, body fluids.
Enteroviruses encephalitis, tick-borne
fevers, etc.
BACTERIA Typhoid, Cholera, Tetanus Human excreta and
Salmonella typhi, Wound infections, body fluid in landfills and
Vibrio cholerae, septicemia, rheumatic hospital wards, Sharps such
Clostridium Tetani, fever, endocarditis, skin as needles, surgical blades in
Pseudomonas, Streptococcus and soft tissue infections hospital waste.
PARASITES Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Human excreta, blood and
Wucheraria Bancrofti, Kala Azar, Malaria body fluids in poorly
Plasmodium managed sewage system of
hospitals.
8. NEED FOR BMW
MANAGMENT
Nosocomial infections in patients from poor
infection control practices and poor waste
management.
Drugs which have been disposed of, being
repacked and sold off to unsuspecting buyers.
Risk of air, water and soil pollution directly
due to waste, or due to defective incineration
emissions and ash.
Risk of infection outside hospital for waste
handlers and scavengers, other peoples.
9. TECHNIQUES
SEGREGATION :- to segregate the wastes.
Colour Coding Type of Container
Yellow Plastic Bag
Disinfected
Red container/Plastic
bag
Blue/ Plastic Bag / punch
White Translucent proof containers
Black Plastic Bag
10. TRANSPORTATION
• Transportation of BMW can be divided into
internal and external transportation.
• INTERNAL: it is for yellow ,red ,blue and white
bags.
• EXTERNAL: it is for the general waste collected
in the black coloured plastic bags.
11. TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
PROCEDURES MAIN FUNCTION
Incineration burn trash and other types of waste
until it is reduced to ash.
Autoclaving and Shredding It uses a combination of heat, steam
and pressure.
Chemical treatment Using sodium hypochlorite
solution, bleaching powder, savlon
and then discharged into
drains/sewers
Irradiation technique Involve the expose to UV radiation
and ionizing radiation
12. Bio medical waste
management in India
Biomedical waste (management and handling) rule
1998, prescribed by The Ministry of Environment and
Forests, Govt of India, came into force on 20th July
1998.
This rule applies to those who
generate, collect, receive, store, dispose, treat or
handle bio medical waste in any manner.
Thus bio medical waste should be segregated into
containers/bags at the point of generation of waste.
Thus Colour Coding & type of containers used for
disposal of waste is came into existence which is
shown as follows. 12
13. Environmental Legislation
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
The Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 1998
The Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 2000
The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 1989
The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981
13
14. CONCLUSION
• Safe and effective management of waste is not only
a legal necessity but also a social responsibility.
• Proper collection and segregation of biomedical
waste.
• Try to reduce the waste generation.
• Individual awareness and participation.
• Use recycle products.
• Label with agent, concentration and
hazard warnings.
• Communicate about workplace hazards.
