These amazing and highly informative slides presented to the IEEE Signal Processing Society of IEEE MESCE Student Branch. These slides aim to provide basic knowledge about biosignals, their classification, examples and their working.
For more information, please contact:
[mehakazeem@ieee.org]
Graphic record heart sound - Phonogram.
Recording the sounds connected with the pumping action of heart.
Sound from heart – phonocardiogram
Instrument to measure this – phonocardiograph
Basic function – to pick up the different heart sound,filter the required and display.
A Bioamplifier is an electrophysiological device, a variation of the instrumentation amplifier, used to gather and increase the signal integrity of physiologic electrical activity for output to various sources. It may be an independent unit, or integrated into the electrodes.
The human body and Cell structure, Electrical Activity of Excitable Cells, The action, and Resting potentials. Introduction of Bio-potentials related to the human body.
ECG, EMG, EEG, ERG etc.
Bio signal characteristics and recording modesBharathasreejaG
YOU CAN LEARN ABOUT BIO ELECTRIC SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS # RECORDING MODES # BASICS OF BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION UNIT II CONTENTS # MEDICAL ELECTRONICS BIO ELECTRIC SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS
Graphic record heart sound - Phonogram.
Recording the sounds connected with the pumping action of heart.
Sound from heart – phonocardiogram
Instrument to measure this – phonocardiograph
Basic function – to pick up the different heart sound,filter the required and display.
A Bioamplifier is an electrophysiological device, a variation of the instrumentation amplifier, used to gather and increase the signal integrity of physiologic electrical activity for output to various sources. It may be an independent unit, or integrated into the electrodes.
The human body and Cell structure, Electrical Activity of Excitable Cells, The action, and Resting potentials. Introduction of Bio-potentials related to the human body.
ECG, EMG, EEG, ERG etc.
Bio signal characteristics and recording modesBharathasreejaG
YOU CAN LEARN ABOUT BIO ELECTRIC SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS # RECORDING MODES # BASICS OF BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION UNIT II CONTENTS # MEDICAL ELECTRONICS BIO ELECTRIC SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS
The Action and resting potential of the body are discussed. The working of body cell, tissue and how the electrical activity of body cell done? are discussed.
This ppt describes the various features, signal processing methods that are commonly applied like wavelet, HHT, FT etc. Hope it helps someone understand better. EEG During mental arithmetic task dataset is used.
Instruments and equipments are essential for the functioning of any medical laboratory. There should be no confusion with these two terms- equipment and instruments. All instruments are equipment but all equipment but all equipment is not instruments.
Laboratory equipment refers to various tools used by a laboratory worker in a laboratory.
Laboratory equipment is generally used either to perform an experiment or to take measurement and gather data.
An electrogastrogram (EGG) is a graphic produced by an electrogastrograph, which records the electrical signals that travel through the stomach muscles and control the muscles' contractions. An electrogastroenterogram (or gastroenterogram) is a similar procedure, which writes down electric signals not only from the stomach, but also from intestines.
The Action and resting potential of the body are discussed. The working of body cell, tissue and how the electrical activity of body cell done? are discussed.
This ppt describes the various features, signal processing methods that are commonly applied like wavelet, HHT, FT etc. Hope it helps someone understand better. EEG During mental arithmetic task dataset is used.
Instruments and equipments are essential for the functioning of any medical laboratory. There should be no confusion with these two terms- equipment and instruments. All instruments are equipment but all equipment but all equipment is not instruments.
Laboratory equipment refers to various tools used by a laboratory worker in a laboratory.
Laboratory equipment is generally used either to perform an experiment or to take measurement and gather data.
An electrogastrogram (EGG) is a graphic produced by an electrogastrograph, which records the electrical signals that travel through the stomach muscles and control the muscles' contractions. An electrogastroenterogram (or gastroenterogram) is a similar procedure, which writes down electric signals not only from the stomach, but also from intestines.
Phonocardiogram based diagnostic systemijbesjournal
A Phonocardiogram or PCG is a plot of high fidelity recording of the sounds and murmurs made by the
heart with the help of the machine called phonocardiograph. It has developed continuously to perform an
important role in the proper and accurate diagnosis of the defects of the heart. As usually with the
stethoscope, it requires highly and experienced physicians to read the phonocardiogram. A diagnostic
system based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is implemented as a detector and classifier of heart
diseases. The output of the system is the classification of the sound as either normal or abnormal, if it is
abnormal what type of abnormality is present. In this paper, Based on the extracted time domain and
frequency domain features such as energy, mean, variance and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients
(MFCC) various heart sound samples are classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM), K Nearest
Neighbour (KNN), Bayesian and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) Classifiers. The data used in this paper
was obtained from Michigan university website.
Bio-Sensors & their Working Principle
Application of Bio-Sensors in the field of Electrical
EMG
ECG
EEG
Implementation target for Robotic Arm
Conclusion
The Acute Effects Of Vibroacoustically-Induced Microvibrations On EEG Activit...researchinventy
A 7-13 c/s mechanographic signal (amplitude 1-5μV) is detectable over relaxed limbs, phenomenon termed microvibration (MV). Exposure to mechanographic signals, low frequency noise, on other side, results in vibroacoustic disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of vibroacoustically-induced MV in regio nuchae (vibroacoustic device Vitafon, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation) using four different modes of MV of specific amplitude (2.8 μm - 12.3 μm) and frequency (30 Hz – 18 kHz) on native undulating electrical CNS activity (EEG registration) in the adult rats. The experiments were performed on Wistar male rats and were divided into control and experimental groups. Rats subjected to the same experimental protocol, but with vibroacoustic treatment switched off, served as controls. EEG activity was registered during application of vibroacoustic MV and following was observed regardless of working regime: none of the graphoelements indicating hyperexcitability; there were no reduction in vigilance; beta rhythm and moderate transition alpha in beta rhythm were observed. Slightly override the beta waves in relation to alpha EEG band, under the stimulus of vibroacoustically-induced microvibration by Vitafon, suggests that mental alertness increased as well as focused attention, with no signs of hyperexcitability in rats
Topic 1 introduction of biomedical instrumentationGhansyam Rathod
Basic Description of the Biomedical Instrumentation subject and basics of the physiological system of human body discussed as per the syllabus of 2EC42 subject offered at Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, Engineering Autonomous Institution.
This paper will review the works on Surface Electromyography (SEMG) signal acquisition and controlling as well as the uses of SEMG signals analysis for Transfemoral amputee's people. In the beginning, this paper will briefly go through the basic theory of myoelectric signal generation. Next, the signal acquisition & filtering techniques applied for SEMG signal will be explained. Then after this EMG signal control or actuate the myoelectric leg who was suffering from Transfemoral amputee using microcontroller. This paper gives the better controlling SEMG signal and also very smooth and easy controlling of the Prosthetic leg motor using Myoelectric Controller.
Delivered training session to Undergraduate students at Salim Habib University, Biomedical Engineering Department about basis of Fetal Monitoring System. Ways of measurement by Intermittent Auscultation, Electronic Monitoring and Internal. Discuss their principles, application and functions.
Mehak Azeem - AAMI's Career Planning Handbook (PDF)Mehak Azeem
Privileged to be part of AAMI, who gives me understanding of Healthcare Technology Management, Career Guidance, Standards and Procedures of various healthcare sectors.
I would love to share an excellent guide with you all by AAMI - THE HTM CAREER HANDBOOK (exclusively available for AAMI members). It contains the following sections,
1. Getting Started; a step-by-step process to create your career plan.
2. Career Planning; specific sources of development opportunities for each of the skill and knowledge domains on the career progression grids.
3. Communicating Your Plans; meeting guidelines and sample agendas for communicating your career goals and plans with your supervisor and Human Resources (HR) department.
4. Interviewing Tips; tips and techniques for landing your next opportunity.
5. FAQs; answers to the most frequently asked questions about career planning.
It is great guide for all the students in my connection, and I appreciate senior people sharing this with their students/mentees.
This presentation has been presented at the occasion of the 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBC. It was presented the section of EMBS Student Activities Committee and focuses on IEEE members' benefits being part of the only world largest community of IEEE members - IEEE Collabratec.
LinkedIn for Students (Network building, inspiring profile, job searching, Do...Mehak Azeem
Special guide about guidance for students, volunteers, and young professionals about Building LinkedIn profiles at 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBC 2021.
Biomedical Robotics for a Sustainable FutureMehak Azeem
It was a quality time speaking about "Biomedical Robotics for a Sustainable Future" with IEEE SB LBS Institute of Technology for Women, on the occasion of an amazing series of sessions - EXPLORICA 2.0 - Bringing together Industry, Technology, and Environment.
Research Opportunities with IEEE/ Research Pattern/ Paper guidelines/ How to ...Mehak Azeem
These slides were presented to the IEEE Jeppiaar Engineering College, India on a topic "Research Opportunities with IEEE". This will provide a brief introduction about all benefits and opportunities of IEEE.
For further information;
[mehakazeem@ieee.iorg]
Research Opportunities and Benefits/ Undergraduate Research/ How to start wit...Mehak Azeem
These slides were presented to the IEEE Sai Sriram Engineering College webinar in collaboration with IEEE PES and IEEE WIE.
For more information:
[mehakazeem@ieee.org]
Software Defined Networking/ Networking/ Traditional Networking/ SDN BenefitsMehak Azeem
These slides were presented to the IEEE NSS College of Engineering, Palakkad in collaboration with IEEE ComSoc and IEEE WIE.
For any further information, please connect;
[mehakazeem@ieee.org]
Why Women are important in Engineering? / Women In STEM/ INWED2020Mehak Azeem
These slides are presented to the IEEE St. Joseph's College of Engineering Student Branch WIE Affinity Group in a special celebration for International Women In Engineering Day 2020.
Digital Portfolio As Volunteers/ Student/ Graduate Student/ Undergraduate Stu...Mehak Azeem
This presentation is presented to the Jansons Institute of Technology in association with the IEEE Student Branch and WIE Affinity Group. A live webinar for TECNOCRATS on a topic of "Developing Digital Portfolio as Volunteer".
Women Empowerment: Invest in yourself / Mental Health / Improve Emotional Hea...Mehak Azeem
This beautiful artistic presentation was presented to the session by IEEE WIE and SIGHT of Viswajyothi College of Engineering and Technology (VJCET), IEEE Madras Section, India.
For any assistance and information:
[haq,mairaj@hotmail.com] [mehakazeem@ieee.org]
This beautiful and artistic piece of research work was presented in a webinar by YOUNG INNOVATORS Engineering Research Institute, India. This explains the major stereotypes, barriers, challenges for women, and their solution. The research work presented is based on a practical analysis of a girl's life and reasons to find herself less confident. Please share your views also.
Feel free to contact:
[haq.mairaj@hotmail.com] [mehakazeem@ieee.org]
Women In STEM/ Women In Engineering/ STEM Barriers and Solutions/ Need for Wo...Mehak Azeem
This fantastic artistic PowerPoint presentation was presented to IEEE MEA Engineering College Student Branch, India. In this presentation, I covered concepts of STEM, reasons to have women in STEM, Why STEM fro girls, barriers and solution, STEM pipeline, facts, and fiction for girls in STEM. I believe this presentation is full of encouragement for girls to choose STEM as their career and profession, figure out fictions for girls in STEM.
Special thanks to expert and my IEEE mentor Muhammad Mairaj Ul Haque for helping me.
For any information and assistance:
[haq.mairaj@hotmail.com] [mehakazeem@ieee.org]
Sustainable Development Goals and Objectives/ MDGs/ Inter-linkages/ Scholarsh...Mehak Azeem
This artistic presentation was represented to JITS TALK SERIES by IEEE Jayamukhi Student Branch, India. Being an SDG advocate in Pakistan, I enlightened the participants regarding SDGs Objectives, SDGs Interlinkages, activities, scholarships, role of IEEE in SDGs, SDGs Data portals, and statics. I believe this presentation provides the complete understandings of each SDGs and previously MDGs with the evolution of society benefits.
Great thanks to my IEEE mentor Muhammad Mairaj Ul Haque for helping me in the preparations.
For further information and assistance:
Email: [mehakazeem@ieee.org] [haq.mairaj@hotmail.com]
Women In Engineering / STEM / ProfessionMehak Azeem
This artistic presentation is represented to you all as a result of my webinar at the IEEE Student Branch University of Jaffna, SriLanka. More than 200+ participants joined us globally. I have tried to represent my research work in my presentation graphically. Great thanks to my friend and IEEE mentor Muhammad Mairaj Ul Haque for helping me with the making of this beautiful presentation.
I believe this presentation has the best material to boost-up passions, courage and to enlighten the Women In Engineering with the facts and fictions.
For more information and assistance you can reach out: [mehakazeem@ieee.org] [haq.mairaj@hotmail.com]
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
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The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
3. Session Outline
1. What are Signals and bio-signals?
2. What is Signal Processing?
3. Bio-signals measurements.
4. Classification bio-signals.
5. Overview of each signal.
6. Measurement of these signals.
7. Signal generation, processing with examples.
4.
5. What are Bio-signals?1.
Bio-signal is a summarizing term for all kinds of signals that can be
measured and monitored from biological beings. Bio-signals are used to
understand the underlying physiological mechanisms of a specific
biological event or system.
Bio-signals carries all information about the living object. We analyze the
signals which are coming from the body (EEG, ECG etc.) or connected to
the body (X-Ray images, Ultrasound images).
6. Why bio-signals are important?2.
Bio-signals are used to understand the underlying physiological mechanisms
of a specific biological event or system, and which may be useful for medical
diagnosis.
There has been significant research in the medical field on each of these and
many more signal types.
7. Objectives of Bio-signals3.
Biomedical signal processing deals with the innovative applications of signal processing methods in
biomedical signals though various creative integrations of the method and biomedical knowledge.
The objectives of Biomedical Signal Processing includes:
1- Enhancement of features (waveforms) of interest.
2- The quantitative analysis of physiological systems (from cells to organs to the whole human
organism).
3- To extract useful information from various biological signals and gain a better comprehension of
physiological processes or to improve diagnosis, therapy, and rehabilitation in diseased patients.
In general, almost all the signal processing algorithms have the potential to be applied to various
biomedical problems.
9. Types of Bio-signals
Classification of bio-signals by their generation:
5.
Active Bio-signals:
The energy source for measurement derives from the patient himself (“internal
source”).
Examples:
Electrical(bio-potentials): EEG, EMG.
Non-electrical: Temperature, blood pressure.
Passive Bio-signals:
The energy source is from outside the patient (“external source”).
Example: X-ray in CT, Ultrasound.
11. Sensors
Sensors are sophisticated devices that are frequently used to detect and respond to
electrical or optical signals. A sensor converts the physical parameter (for example:
temperature, blood pressure, humidity, speed, etc.) into a signal which can be
measured electrically.
1.
13. Bio-sensors
Biosensors are devices used to detect the presence or concentration of a biological
analyte, such as a biomolecule, a biological structure or a microorganism. Biosensors
consist of three parts: a component that recognizes the analyte and produces a signal,
a signal transducer, and a reader device.
Example:
A common example of a commercial biosensor is the blood glucose blood biosensor.
2.
14. Instruments for Measuring Active Bio-signals
Electric Active Bio-signals (Bio-potentials):
Instrument consists of:
1- Electrodes: enable an electrical conductive connection between the examined body
part with the measuring system
2- Signal processor (amplifier , ADC, electrical filters to remove noise, and unwanted
frequencies etc.)
3- Recorder (also called read-out device, today usually a computer monitor or a chart
recorder).
Non-Electric Active Bio-signals:
Electrodes are replaced with appropriate sensors
Example: Medical temperature sensors
3.
15. 4.
Bio-signal artifacts may be defined as any
unwanted interference which alters the
accuracy of the reading obtained from the
electrophysiological structure being studied.
Unfortunately a lot of these artifacts tend to
have frequencies quite similar to bio-signals
desired to be measured and often with a
greater amplitude.
Bio-signal Artifacts
17. Classification of Bio-signals
According to Nature of Bio-signals:
1.
Electric [example: Electrical activity of heart].
Magnetic [example: Brain’s magnetic field].
Chemical [example: Level of glucose].
Mechanical (acoustic) [example: Blood pressure].
Acoustic [example: Respiratory sounds].
Optical [example: Blood oxygenation].
Thermal [example: Heat loss or absorption].
18. Classification of Bio-signals
According to System of Origin of Bio-signals
2.
• Endocrine System
• Nervous System
• Cardiovascular System
• Vision System
• Auditory System
• Musculoskeletal System
• Respiratory System
• Gastrointestinal System
• Blood System
20. Electric Bio-signals
Electric field is generated in cells (nerve and muscle) and organs because of intra-
and extracellular ionic currents. They are the results of electrochemical processes in
the single ionic channels.
1.
22. Magnetic Bio-signals
Magnetic fields are generated by different organs and
cells. These signals include motion and displacement
signals, pressure and tension and flow signals, and others.
Magneto-encephalography (MEG)
MEG is a non-invasive neurophysiological technique that
measures the magnetic fields generated by neuronal
activity of the brain. The spatial distributions of the
magnetic fields are analyzed to localize the sources of the
activity within the brain, and the locations of the sources
are superimposed on anatomical images, such as MRI, to
provide information about both the structure and function
of the brain
2.
23. Magnetic Bio-signals
Magnetic fields generated by different organs and cells.
Neural Cells
1- MNG – magneto-neurogram
2- MEG - magneto-encephalogram.
Muscle Cells
3- MCG – magneto-cardiogram,
4- MMG – magneto-myogram
3
2
3
24. Chemical Bio-signals
Signals providing information about concentration of various chemical agents in the
body.
1- Level of glucose (diabetes).
2- Blood oxygen level (asthma, obstructive pulmonary disease, heart and kidney failure).
3- Gases in blood and breathing airflow (anesthetic gases, carbon dioxide etc.)
4- pH levels.
2 14
3.
25. Chemical Bio-signals
Photoplethysmogram (PPG)
PPG is an optically obtained
plethysmogram that can be used to
detect blood volume changes in the
microvascular bed of tissue.
A PPG is often obtained by using a pulse
oximeter which illuminates the skin and
measures changes in light absorption.
26. Chemical Bio-signals
Blood Saturation of Gases
SaO2 – Arterial blood oxygen saturation, describe the percentage of hemoglobin
molecules carrying oxygen.
SvO2 – Venous oxygen saturation, describes how much oxygen the body consumes.
SpO2 – Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation - the same as SaO2 but in the capillary
system.
SpCO2 – Concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in blood.
27. Mechanical Bio-signals
Bio-mechanical signals reflect mechanical functions of body parts.
Examples:
1- Blood pressure.
2- Accelerometer signals describing human movement, GAIT.
3- Spirometry – lung volumes and capacities.
4- Phonocardiogram - heart sounds.
5- Apexcardiography – motion of heart muscles, velocity and volume of heart filling.
6- Tonometry – intraocular pressure.
7- Ergometry – physical work activity.
6
7
4.
28. Mechanical Bio-signals
Spirometry is a common office test used to assess
how well your lungs work by measuring how much
air you inhale, how much you exhale and how
quickly you exhale.
Spirometry is used to diagnose asthma, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other
conditions that affect breathing.
29. Acoustic Bio-signals
Subset of mechanical signals that describe the
acoustic sound produced by the body (vibrations
and motions).
Bio-acoustic signals give access to diverse body
sounds:
1- Cardiac sounds (phonocardiography).
2- Snoring (Obstructive Sleep Apnea detection).
3- Swallowing.
4- Respiratory sounds.
5- Crackles of joints and muscles.
2
5
4
5.
30. Acoustic Bio-signals
Phonocardiogram (PCG)
PCG reflects sounds of heartbeats, produced by heart
sounds corresponding to two consecutive heart valve
closures. Indicates closure strength and the valve’s
stiffness.
31. Acoustic Bio-signals
Respiratory sounds
Reflect normal breathing sounds superimposed with crackles, cough sounds, rhonchus,
snoring, squawk, stridor and wheeze sounds, which are associated with pulmonary
disorders.
Rhonchi (a low-pitched breath sound)
Crackles (a high-pitched breath sound)
Wheezing (a high-pitched whistling sound caused by narrowing of the bronchial tubes)
Stridor (a harsh, vibratory sound caused by narrowing of the upper airway)
33. Optical Bio-signals
Immunology (anti-gen and anti-body interaction)
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)
SPR is the resonant oscillation of conduction electrons at the interface between
negative and positive permittivity material stimulated by incident light. Surface
plasmon resonance is the collective oscillation of electrons stimulated by incident light
Example:
SPR can help to observe, in real-time, biomolecular interactions between a variety of
proteins, DNA/RNA and small molecules.
34. Thermal Bio-signals
Body temperature in the point and temperature maps, may describe heat loss and
heat absorption in the body, or temperature distribution over the body surface.
7.
35. Thermal Bio-signals
Thermography
It is a test that uses an infrared camera to detect heat patterns and blood flow in body
tissues. Digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) is the type of thermography that's used to
diagnose breast cancer.
Example:
Unlike other imaging procedures, thermography doesn’t emit any radiation.
Breast cancer thermography is a helpful addition to breast cancer screening tests.