This document discusses biofertilizers and biopesticides as alternatives to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. It notes that while chemical fertilizers boosted agriculture in the 20th century, they also caused environmental problems. Biofertilizers using beneficial microorganisms can increase yields without harm. They fix nitrogen or solubilize phosphorus. Types include Rhizobium for legumes and Azotobacter for non-legumes. Biocompost is an organic fertilizer made from sugar industry waste. Biopesticides are biochemical pesticides from natural sources like bacteria, fungi and plants. They control pests non-toxically through mechanisms like insect sex pheromones or plant extracts in traps. They are usually less

1. BIOFERTILIZERS
AND BIOPESTICIDES
PRESENTED BY:-
HARGOVIND LAXKAR

2. INTRODUCTION
In the last century, chemical fertilizers were used in
agriculture.
But slowly chemical fertilizers started displaying
their ill-effects such as
• polluting water basins
• destroying micro-organisms and friendly
insects
• making the crop more susceptible to the
attack of diseases
• reducing the soil fertility and thus causing
irreparable damage to the overall system.

3. SOLUTION
• Found that biofertilizers can help in increasing the
yield without causing the damage associated with
chemical fertilizers.

4. BIOFERTILIZER
• It is a large population of a specific or a group of
beneficial microorganisms for enhancing the
productivity of soil
• Either by fixing atmospheric nitrogen or by
solubilizing soil phosphorus.

5. TYPES OF BIOFERTILIZER
1. For Nitrogen
Rhizobium for legumes crops
Azotobacter/Azospirillum for non legume crops
2. For Phosphorous
Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Acetobacter

7. Biocompost
• Eco-friendly organic fertilizer
• Prepared from the sugar industry waste material.
• Consists of nitrogen, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and
various useful fungi like decomposing fungi, trichoderma
viridea which protects the plants from various soil borne
disease
• Increase soil fertility which results to a good quality
product to the farmers.

8. Advantage of biofertilizers
Renewable source of nutrients
Sustain soil health
Supplement chemical fertilizers.
Replace 25-30% chemical fertilizers
Increase the grain yields by 10-40%.
Decompose plant residues, and stabilize C:N ratio of soil
Improve texture, structure and water holding capacity of soil
No adverse effect on plant growth and soil fertility.

9. BIOPESTICIDES

10. BIOPESTICIDE
• Bio pesticides are biochemical pesticides that are naturally
occurring substances that control pests by nontoxic
mechanisms.
• Biopesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from
such natural materials as animals, plants, bacteria, and
certain minerals.
• All the living organism which are cultivated in the laboratory
on large scale and are used and exploited experimentally for
the control of harmful organism.

12. ■ Consist of a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium,
fungus, virus, or protozoan) as the active
ingredient. Microbial pesticides can control many
different kinds of pests, although each separate
active ingredient is relatively specific for its target
pest. For example, there are fungi that control
certain weeds, and other fungi that kill specific
insects.

13. ■ Are pesticidal substances that plants produce from
genetic material that has been added to the plant. For
example, scientists can take the gene for the Bt pesticidal
protein and introduce the gene into the plant's own
genetic material.
2. Plant pesticides

14. ■ Are naturally occurring substances that control pests by
non-toxic mechanisms. Conventional pesticides, by
contrast, are generally synthetic materials that directly
kill or inactivate the pest. Biochemical pesticides include
substances, such as insect sex pheromones, that interfere
with mating, as well as various scented plant extracts that
attract insect pests to traps.

15. • Biopesticides are usually inherently less toxic than conventional
pesticides.
• Cheap, renewable can be handled safely.
• Difficult for insects to develop resistance to these pesticides.

16. THANK YOU