1. The document discusses various types of biofertilizers including Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Blue Green Algae, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, and organic matter decomposers. 2. It describes how each works to fix atmospheric nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, or decompose organic matter to improve soil fertility and enhance crop growth. 3. The advantages of biofertilizers are that they can replace chemical fertilizers, are pollution free, and help increase crop productivity while maintaining soil health.

2. K.K.Wagh College of Agriculture, Nashik -
03.
DepartmentofPlant
Pathology

3. Name of Student :-
Mr. Tushar Shivaji Deshmukh
Reg.no.:-
AKN-2014/25
Course Title :-
Bio-fertilizer Production.
Course no. :-
AEL PATH-487.
Guide Teacher:-
Prof. N.B. Bhoknal

4. TOPIC :
Trichoderma
Azotobacter
BGA
PSB
CFU
Rhizobium

5. What is Bio-fertilizer !!
 Biofertilizers are the carrier based microbial inoculent
containing live or latent efficient strain of
microorganism to the tune of 105 to 108 cells per gram
of carrier , responsible for fixation of atmospheric
nitrogen , phosphate solubilization , organic matter
decomposition & sulphur oxidation when applied to
seed , soil or seedling.
 They enhance the crop growth , productivity and soil
fertility.

6. CONCEPT & NEED
1. Improving physical &chemical nature of the soil.
2. Adding organic matter in the soil.
3. Solubilising insoluble nutrient materials.
4. Increasing the availability & utilization of nutrients.
5. Secrets the growth hormones.
6. Induced the disease resistance in crops.
7. Germination percentage of seed increases.
8. Inducing flowering & fruiting of crop.
9. Reduced input cost & increase the crop production
6

8. RHIZOBIUM
AZOSPIRILLUM
VA-MYCORRHIZA
BLUE GREEN ALGAE
AZOTOBACTER
PSB
Types Of Bio-fertilizer

9. RHIZOBIUM:
 Rhizobia are special bacteria that can live in the soil or in
nodules formed on the roots of legumes.
 In root nodules, they form a symbiotic association with the
legume, obtaining nutrients from the plant and producing
nitrogen in a process called biological nitrogen fixation, or
BNF.
 The Rhizobia are broadly classified as fast- or slow-growing
based on their growth on laboratory media.
eg. Brady Rhizobium
Nitrogen Fixing Biofertilizers

10.  The microorganisms were first isolated and cultured
from nodules of a number of different legume species by
Martinus Beijerinck (1888) of Holland.

11.  The Rhizobium colony are fast growing, whitish,
water soaked, slightly transperent, shiny in nature.
IDENTIFICATION

12. AZOLLA
•Azolla floats on the surface of water by means of numerous,
small, closely overlapping scale-like leaves, with their roots
hanging in the water.
•They form a symbiotic relationship with the cyanobacterium
Anabaena azollae, which fixes atmospheric nitrogen, giving the
plant access to the essential nutrients.

13. AZOTOBACTER:
 Azotobacter species are Gram-negative, aerobic soil-
dwelling bacteria. They are typically polymorphic, i.e.
of different sizes and shapes. Their size of the cells
ranges from 2-10 µm long and 1-2 µm wide.
 Azotobacter is a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium,
which is used as a biofertilizer in the cultivation of most
crops.

14. Identification -

15. APPLICATION OF AZOTOBACTER:
A plant needs nitrogen for its growth and Azotobacter
fixes atmospheric nitrogen non-symbiotically.
Therefore, all plants, trees, vegetables, get benefited.
 Azotobacter also increases germination of seeds by 20-
30%.
It is applied in set inoculation @ 8-10 packets per 10kg
soil.

16. AZOSPIRILLUM
Azospirillum is a Gram negative motile bacteria
associated with roots of monocots.
Several strains of Azospirillum were shown to exert
beneficial effects on plant growth and crop yields, under
various soil and climatic conditions, and are thus
qualified as Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria
(PGPR).
 Used for vegetable crops through seed
treatment, pasting of eye buds, etc.

17. Identification -
White, solid & soft growth of Azospirillum

18. ACETOBACTER
It is an endotrophic micro-organism capable of
living inside the plant tissues.
It can live in high sugar levels that exists in
sugarcane tissues.
It is a symbiotic bacteria capable of fixing
atmospheric nitrogen by living within the sugar plant.
Use of Acetobacter increases the crop production in
large scale.

19. BEIJERINCKIA
• Free-living, aerobic and non-symbiotic bacteria
with the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen
present in rhizoshere of crops and in acid soil. It is
slow growing organism.
• fix nitrogen at pH 3.0-4.0
• The colonies of Beijerinckia are round in shape,
wrinkled, flat and raised.
It is used for monocots.
It is applied @ 250gm per 10kg of seeds.

20.  BGA can play important role in Fixing of
atmospheric nitrogen particularly
in paddy fields.
 BGA biofertilizers is applied by
broadcasting the algal mass in standing
water to level of 2.5 cm in paddy field
after 1 week of transplantation.
BLUE GREEN ALGAE

21. PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA:
These are the microorganisms which solubilize fixed
phosphorus in soil and make available to plants.
 phosphate solubilizing biofertilizers are prepared from
phosphate solubilizing bacteria(PSB) or fungi(PSF).
Phosphate solubilizers include- Pseudomonas striata,
Bacillus polymixa, etc.
Fungal isolates- Aspergillus niger ,Penicillium
digitatum,etc.

22. Identification -

23. ORGANIC MATTER DECOMPOSERS
They are cellulolytic microbes, which decompose organic
waste rapidly and yield good qualiy compost.
Fungi belonging to the genera Trichoderma, Penicillium,
Aspergillus, etc effectively decompose organic matter.
The bacteria belonging to the genera Bacillus,
Pseudomonas, etc are known as efficient organic matter
decomposers

24. 500 g grain based decomposing culture is sufficient for
one metric ton of organic residues.

25. Store bio-fertilizers in cool place at room temperature
 Bio-fertilizer should not contact with insecticide ,
pesticide ,chemical fertilizer during storage & application
 Bio-fertilizer should be used before expiry date.
 Storage & use of bio-fertilizer should be avoided in direct
sunlight.
 Specific inoculant is used for specific crop
PRECAUTIONS DURING USE OF
BIOFERTILIZERS:

26. 1) It fixes various nutrients like Nitrogen , Phosphorus , Sulphur
and various micro nutrients in soil
2) It maintains soil health
3) It is pollution free input
4) It secretes hormones and growth regulators helps in higher
crop production
5) It has low cost hence affordable to any class of farmer
6) It helps quick decomposition of organic matter
7) It reduces crop diseases due to secretion of antibiotics
8) It is easy to apply
Advantages of biofertilizers :-

27. • Biofertilizer help in increasing crop productivity
• Biofertilizer replace 25-30% of chemical fertilizers.
• Biofertilizers can be applied through seed treatment,
seedling inoculation, set inoculation, seed pelleting.
• Carrier based biofertilizer commercialized on large scale.
CONCLUSION:

28. Reference -
• Biofertilizer: commercial production
technology & quality control
- by Somani L.L.
•Website- www.agriinfo.in