This document discusses the production of bioethanol from biomass waste such as oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB). It notes that bioethanol is renewable, environmentally friendly and does not compete with food/feed. The document outlines the challenges of pretreatment and hydrolysis of lignocellulose and explains that white-rot fungi can be used in the biological pretreatment of EFB through enzymes that break down lignin. Visual changes in EFB are shown after biological pretreatment with white-rot fungi.

1. Bioethanol from
Biomass Waste
Isroi (http://isroi.com)

2. Bioethanol
Movie clip

3. Bioethanol
 Renewable
 Environmental friendly
 Not compete with food and
feed
 Unblended bioethanol fuel or
Blended with gasoline
C2H5OH + 3 O2 → 2 CO2 + 3 H2O + heat

4. First Generation Bioethanol

5. First Generation Bioethanol
Ethanol from sugar (sugarcane, etc) and amylum (starch, casava, corn, etc).

6. Second Generation Bioethanol

7. Why lignocellulose?

8. Why lignocellulose?
Glucose
Starch
Cellulose
Ethanol

9. Why lignocellulose?
 Abundant
 Renewable
 Not compete with
food and feet

10. Oil Palm Waste
Abundant and un-use

11. Mass Balance in Oil Palm Mill
1 ton FFB 230 kg EFB

12. Problems and Challenges
PurificationHydrolysis Fermentation
Ethanol
Waste
water
Lignocellulose
Pretreatment

13. Pretreatment of Lignocelullose
Mosier et al. (2005)
Pretreatment:
• Mechanical
• Physical
• Chemical
• Biological
• Combination
Pretreatments have as a goal
to improve the digestibility of
the lignocellulosic biomass
(Hendriks and Zeeman, 2008).

14. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages
• No chemical added • Take more times
• Less energy used • Need more places
• More environmental
friendly
Biological pretreatment of EFB by white-rot fungi
compared with physical/chemical pretreatment

15. White-rot Fungi
Enzymes produced by
lignocellulytic fungi:
• Laccase
• Mangan Peroxidase (Mn P)
• Lignin Peroxidase (Li P)
White-rot fungi are the only known organisms
that, to any extent, mineralize lignin to CO2
and water in pure culture (Gold and Alic, 1993)

16. Biological Pretreatment
Untreated After pretreatment
Visual Changes of OPEFB after pretreatment

18. MyDream
EFB ETHANOL

19. Thank You