This document discusses biodiesel production from algae. It begins by listing the group members and their student IDs working on the project. It then provides classifications of different energy sources and types of biofuels such as biodiesel and ethanol. The document discusses the benefits of algae biodiesel including higher oil yields from algae per acre than traditional crops, adaptability to grow in different environments without competing for food sources, and ability to capture carbon dioxide. It provides details on how to produce biodiesel from algae through cultivating algae, extracting the oil, and processing it through transesterification. Finally, it estimates the cost of a pilot biodiesel from algae project to be approximately 20,

2. Biodiesel production from
algae
Group members
Shafiq uz zaman
2011-ch-379
Hamid Mukhtar
2011-ch-373
Zain ul shahidin
2011-ch-337
Kalim ahmed
2011-ch-376

3. Classification of energy
ENERGY SOURCE
Non Renewable
Energy
Renewable Energy
Solar
Wind
Traditional
Alternative
Hydro
Oil
Nuclear
Ocean
Gas
Tar Sands
Geothermal
Coal
Oil Shale
Biomass
Gas Hydrates

4. Biofuels
Biodiesel
• Substitute for
petrodiesel
Ethanol
• Subsitute for
gasoline
Less common types:
• Biobutanol
• Synfuel

5. Why the Interest In Biodiesel?
 Renewable Resource with the largest potential
to get us off the foreign oil supply
 National Energy Security is an achievable goal
with Algae Oil
 Environmental Enhancement through Zero
Sulfur and the sequestration of CO2
 Economics & Job Creation through keeping
the production of fuels inside the Pakistan

6. Introduction to algae fuels
Microalgae
• Contains oil
• Processed for biodiesel production
Macroalgae
• Composed of starch and cellulose
• Processed for ethanol production

7. Algae Oil yield Compared to other
Feedstocks
 Comparative Yields
 Soy Bean
50-65 Gallons Per Acre Per Year
 Camelina 150-400 Gallons Per Acre Per Year
 Palm
400-700 Gallons Per Acre Per Year
 Algae 2,000 to 20,000+ ?? Gallons Per Acre Per Year

8. Uniqueness of algae fuels
Higher oil yield
Lesser land
requirement
food vs. fuel
Algae fuels
Adaptability
Range of products
WWT & CO2
capture

9. Lesser land requirement
 Algae is capable of producing 30 times more oil
per acre than the current crops now utilized for
the production of biofuels.
 Algae could produce up to 94,000 liters of oil per
acre, shrinking land requirements

10. Adaptability to a range of
environment
Grown under conditions which are unsuitable for
conventional crop production
(marine water, wastewater, open ponds)

11. Solve the food versus fuel problem
 Does not compete directly with crops grown for food
 Algae can make use of marine and waster water
 Some algae can be grown in desert regions
 Some algae can be grown in ocean environment
 Does not require expensive nutrients for growing

12. A wide range of fuel products
Biodiesel
Ethanol
Algae
Methane
Hydrogen

13. Integrated with CO2 capture

14. Additional Algae Oil Benefits:
 Can be Grown anywhere
 Non-polluting
 Zero Sulfur
 Releases Oxygen (can be captured and sold)
 Eats CO2 (a potentially valuable GHG offset)
 After the Oil is extracted the remaining presscake
(BioMass) is a highly valuable product

15. How Does Algae Produce Oil?
 Algae is a single cell organism
 Algae feeds on the Hydrogen from the H2O and the Carbon
from the CO2 and through the process of photosynthesis
produces Hydrocarbon Chains and releases Oxygen
 Most strains of the Green and Green-Blue Algae can double
their mass every 24hour growing cycle
 Different strains of Algae produce Algae Oil with slightly
different hydrocarbon chains

16. How to obtain fuel from algae?
 Picking up the best algae
 Growing the algae
 Harvesting
 Generating the fuel product

17. Choosing an Algae
 Important
characteristics of Algae
 High % of total biomass is
oil
 Maintains a high % of oil
even under stress
 Compatible with our
regional climate

18. Where To Grow It
 Extensions onto our water treatment plants
 Clean up our waste and generate fuel
 Agriculture runoff
 Exploit the county’s many farms and vineyards
 Water ponds
 Algae could well grow on salty water as well as soft water

19. How Is Algae Grown?
 There are 3 methodologies that are currently being used to grow Algae
– with a wide number of variations!
:

20. 1st
Open system

21. Open Tanks

22. Pivot Ponds

23. Open Ponds

24. Light Pulse Systems

25. Open Raceway Ponds

26. 2nd vertical systems (Vertigrow’s, Hanging Bags)

27. 3rd Closed systems(photo
bioreactor)
Tubular PBR
Also referred as
Photo bioreactors(PBR)
Flat plate PBR

28. Bio reactor
 Bioreactors provide fast growth of algae
with the high contents of oil.
 Considerably reduces expenditures of labor &
eliminates complexities in service.
The system can work during long periods
without destruction of culture.

Light in a reactor is taken as much as it
considerably increases its productivity.

 Self-cleaning
Reactors represent closed, controlled,
automated systems.


29. The technological circuit of installation of a bioreactor

30. d
Oil
Extraction
From Algae

31. There are three well-known methods
to extract the oil from oilseeds, and
these methods should apply equally
well for algae too:
1. Expeller/Press
2. Hexane solvent oil extraction
3. Supercritical Fluid extraction

32. 1.Pressing oil from the algae




Dry the algae and press the oil from it.
Can retrieve up to 70% of the oil.
While drying must prevent the algae
from becoming contaminated.
Cheapest and simplest method

33. 2.Chemical Oil Extraction
 Use hexane solvents to remove the oil.
 Benzene could also be used.
 Must be careful when using.
 Removes oil out of almost all things.
 About 95% of total oil present in algae
could be extracted.

34. 3.Super Critical Oil Extraction
 Most efficient method.
 Equipment need special containment and
pressure.
 Can extract almost 100% oil by itself.
 Uses carbon dioxide at critical pressure
and temperature (CO2 is almost a liquid).
 Rapid diffusion of the oil.
Zain qazi

35. Product generation via different
methods
 Biodiesel
 Ethanol
 Hydrogen
 Methane
 Electricity – where algae biomass is directly used
for combustion
 Other hydrocarbon fuel, such as JP-8 fuel,
gasoline, biobutanol etc.

36. Biodiesel from algae
Cultivation of Microalgae species
Harvesting of Microalgae
Extraction of Oil from Microalgae
Transesterification
Biodiesel

37. Ethanol from algae
Algae Biomass
Fermentation
Ethanol

38. Hydrogen(H2) from algae
Biomass
Gasification
Biogas Fermentation
Steam Reformation
H2
Dark Fermentation

39. Methane from algae
Algae Biomass
Anaerobic digestion
Methane

40. Conclusion
 Even with few challenges taken into consideration, algae
biofuel ’s natural advantages look to make it one of the
foremost players in the clean energy market
 Algae biofuel production holds future promise for developing
countries.
• More jobs
• Energy independence

41. Cost of the pilot project
 Aprox 20,000 to 25,000 in pakistani rupees.
Which include
 Algae cultivation requirements
 Algae drying method
 Algae oil extraction

42. Thank you!
Any question?