This document discusses the production process of bioethanol. Raw materials like grains, corn, sugar cane are broken down into sugars through processes like mashing, cooking and enzymatic hydrolysis. Yeast is then used to ferment the sugars into ethanol through fermentation. The ethanol is then distilled from the mixture. Bioethanol has advantages as a cleaner burning fuel but also disadvantages like lower energy content than gasoline and difficulty in cold starts. Further improvements in efficiency and sustainability are needed for bioethanol to fully replace gasoline.

2.  Introduction
 Production of Bioethanol
 Bioethanol Need of future
 Advantages & Disadvantages


4. Raw material :
Wheat/Grains/Corn/Sugar-cane can be used
to produce ethanol. (Basically, any plants that
composed largely of sugars)
The raw materials used in the manufacture of
ethanol via fermentation are conveniently
classified into three main types of raw
materials: sugars, starches, and cellulose

5. Potato
 Mashing and Washing
 Cooking
 Starch hydrolysis
1- Liquefaction 2-saccherification
Fermentation
Distillation
Ethanol

6. • Used as a raw material in ethanol
production
• By exposing starch from peel of corn with
water
• Enzymes are added to the mash that
convert starch to dextrose, a simple
sugar.
• yeast is added and conversion from
sugar to ethanol and carbon
dioxide begins.

7.  Extraction of sugar
 Then it is added to yeast for fermentation
process
 lactic acid, hydrogen, carbondioxide
,ethanol are produced

8. Ethanol-powered
buses (E95) -
still a pilot
project in
Brazil
Flex-fuel motorcycles
Brazilian-made
crop dusting
planes
running on
ethanol

9. › Exhaust gases of ethanol are much cleaner
› ethanol-blended fuels such as E85 (85% ethanol and 15% gasoline)
reduce up to 37.1% of GHGs
› output of energy during the production is more than the input
› the CO2 released in the bioethanol production process is the same
amount as the one the crops previously absorbed during
photosynthesis

10.  Not as efficient as petroleum
› energy content of the petrol is much higher than bioethanol
› its energy content is 70% of that of petrol
 Engines made for working on Bioethanol cannot be used for
petrol or diesel
› Due to high octane number of bioethanol, they can be
burned in the engines with much higher compression ratio
 Used of phosphorous and nitrogen in the production
› negative effect on the environment
 Cold start difficulties
› pure ethanol is difficult to vaporise

11.  For bioethanol to become more sustainable to replace petrol,
production process has to be more efficient
› Reducing cost of conversion
› Increasing yields
› Increase the diversity of crop used
 As microbes are use to convert glucose into sugar which is ferment
in bioethanol
› Microbiology and biotechnology will be helpful in the genetic
engineering