The document discusses the production of bioethanol from various agricultural waste materials through a two-step process of enzymatic hydrolysis followed by fermentation. Enzymes produced by fungi were used to break down the cellulose and hemicellulose in materials like fruit pulp, rice husks, and wood bark into fermentable sugars. The extracts were then fermented with yeast to produce bioethanol, which was distilled and measured. Bioethanol yields ranged from 9 to 47 ml produced from materials. The process allows for the conversion of waste biomass into a renewable and less polluting fuel compared to petroleum.

1. Speaker- Siddhanta Mohanty Guided by- Dr. B. Mitra DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

2. Introduction Materials Methods Results Conclusion References

3. Ethanol is a desirable fuel because it allows fuel to burn more cleanly and lowers greenhouse emissions. Bioethanol can be synthesized from cellulose and hemicellulose that originates from the many source of biomass. Bioethanol burns to produce carbondioxide and water.

4. Cheaply available agricultural raw materials such as fruit pulp, rice extract, sweet potato, sugar cane, wood bark, maize husk and waste paper were used. Enzyme such as amylase and cellulase were produced by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride .

5. Amylase was assayed by starch plate method and cellulose was assayed by DNS mthod(Dinitrosalicylic acid). 10% of biomass was boiled in distilled water. In case of fruit pulp, rice extract, sweet potato, potato and sugar cane are chopped, boiled and filtered. ENZYME ASSAY TWO STEP ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS

6. Extract was then sterilized, after sterilization 5% of enzyme was added for hydrolysis and incubated for 3 hrs at 37 degree Celsius. In case of rice husk, wood bark, maize husk and waste paper (25gm) in 250ml distilled water are boiled as a whole and kept for sterilization. After sterilization 5% of enzyme was added for hydrolysis at 37 degree Celsius for 3hrs of incubation and filtered aseptically. Hydrolyzed and filtered extracts were fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 7 days of incubation at room temperature in rotary shaker. FERMENTATION

7. Primary distillation was carried in rotary vacuum flask at 80 degree Celsius(boiling point of ethanol) and fraction is collected. DISTILLATION ˃ Fermentation with sacharomyces.sp was done in anaerobic conditon.

8. S. No. Sample Volume of extract before distillation in ml Volume of extract after distillation in ml Volume of Bioethanol in ml 1. POTATO 250 221 29 2. SWEET POTATO 250 216 34 3. FRUIT EXTRACT 250 211 39 4. RICE HUSK 250 233 17 5. WOOD BARK 250 241 09 6. SUGAR CANE 250 203 47 7. WASTE PAPER 250 232 18 8. MAIZE HUSK 250 231 19 9. LEAF LITTER 250 243 07

9. The bioconversion of waste to useable energy is also a part of utilization of waste. Bioethanol can be synthesized from cellulose and hemicellulose that originate from many sources of biomass. It become low cost than that of petrol. It create low pollution than other petroleum products.

10. Bioethanol burns to produce carbondioxide and water on complete combustion as end products. C 2 H 5 OH+3O 2 ⇢2CO 2 +3H 2 O+HEAT Carbondioxide taken by plants , so it lowers the pollution level.

11. Bioethanol was produced from various agricultural raw materials using two step enzymatic process, viz. enzyme hydrolysis followed by fermentation.

12. Journal of Advanced biotech, vol IX, issue 05, nov. 2009. Chereminisoff,n.p,1979.gasohol for energy production. Ann Arbor Sci. Pub:12 Mohammad J. Taherzadeh, 1999. ethanol from Lignocellulose: Physiological effect of inhibitors. Chalmers University of Technology

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