The document is a presentation from a webinar on BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) hosted by GLC Networks, featuring trainer Achmad Mardiansyah. It covers topics such as the definition of BGP, VLSM, CIDR, and the differences between internal and external BGP, along with specific instructions for implementing BGP on MikroTik routers. The document concludes with a demo and a Q&A session.

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BGP on Mikrotik
GLC webinar, 6 october 2016
Achmad Mardiansyah
achmad@glcnetworks.com
GLC Networks, Indonesia

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Agenda
● Introduction
● BGP
● BGP on mikrotik
● Demo
● Q & A
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What is GLC?
● Garda Lintas Cakrawala (www.glcnetworks.com)
● An Indonesian company
● Located in Bandung
● Areas: Training, IT Consulting
● Mikrotik Certified Training Partner
● Mikrotik Certified Consultant
● Mikrotik distributor
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Trainer Introduction
● Name: Achmad Mardiansyah
● Base: bandung, Indonesia
● Linux user since ’99
● Certified Trainer (MTCNA/RE/WE/UME/INE/TCE)
● Mikrotik Certified Consultant
● Work: Telco engineer, Sysadmin, PHP programmer,
and Lecturer
● Personal website: http://achmad.glcnetworks.com
● More info:
http://au.linkedin.com/in/achmadmardiansyah
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Please introduce yourself
● Your name
● Your company/university?
● Your networking experience?
● Your mikrotik experience?
● Your expectation from this course?
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What is Mikrotik?
● Name of a company
● A brand
● A program (e.g. mikrotik academy)
● Headquarter: Riga, Latvia
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What are mikrotik products?
● Router OS
○ The OS. Specialized for networking
○ Website: www.mikrotik.com/download
● RouterBoard
○ The hardware
○ RouterOS installed
○ Website: www.routerboard.com
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What Router OS can do?
● Go to www.mikrotik.com
○ Download: what_is_routeros.pdf
○ Download: product catalog
○ Download: newsletter
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What are Mikrotik training & certifications?
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Certificate validity is 3 years

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BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
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What is BGP?
● Path Vector Protocol
● Incremental Updates
● Many options for policy enforcement
● Support VLSM
● Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR)
● Widely used for Internet backbone
● Connects Autonomous systems
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What is VLSM?
● Variable-Length Subnet Masking (VLSM)
● Can divide an IP address block into subnets of different sizes using / (slash)
notation
● Solution the in efficient of classful IP address (fixed length). No more class A,
class B, Class C -> pleeease dont say this classes anymore
● making it possible to create subnets with very different host counts without
wasting large numbers of addresses.
● RFC: 1878 (1995)
● Basis for CIDR
● Example: 23.45.0.0/16
○ 23.45.0.0/25
○ 23.45.0.128/25
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VLSM RFC
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What is CIDR?
● CIDR: Classless Inter-Domain Routing (sometimes is called supernetting)
● CIDR solves problem of wasted address spaceby providing a new and more
flexible way to specify network addresses in routers (using slash as notation)
● allow flexible allocation of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses.
● Replaces classfull network (class A,B,C,D). Please dont ever mention this
anymore...
● CIDR lets a routing table entry represent an aggregation of networks that exist
in the forward path
● Each IP address has a network prefix that identifies either one or several
network gateways.
● RFC: 1519
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CIDR
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Path Vector Protocol
● BGP is classified as a path vector routing protocol (see RFC 1322)
● A path vector protocol defines a route as a pairing between a destination and
the attributes of the path to that destination.
● See AS path below
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Path vector protocol
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Image source: philip smith,
introduction to BGP
(http://www.bgp4all.com.au)

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Definitions
● Transit - service provided by an ISP to carry other ISP/customer traffic to
other network (internet). Usually is for commercial (paid service)
● Peering - 2 ISPs or more exchange traffic and routing information. Can be
commercial or non commercial (gratis). Example: peering on IXP (Internet
Exchange Point)
● Default - default route, sending traffic to default router of there is no explicit
match on routing table
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Peering and transit example (IIX vs openIXP?)
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source: philip smith,
introduction to BGP
(http://www.bgp4all.com.au)

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Autonomous System (AS)
● Collection of networks with same routing policy
● Single routing protocol
● Usually under single ownership, trust and administrative control
● Identified by a unique 32-bit integer (ASN)
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source: philip smith,
introduction to BGP
(http://www.bgp4all.com.au)

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BGP basics
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source: philip smith,
introduction to BGP
(http://www.bgp4all.com.au)

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Building forwarding table for BGP
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source: philip smith,
introduction to BGP
(http://www.bgp4all.com.au)

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eBGP & iBGP
● BGP is used
○ Internally, inside AS (iBGP - internal BGP)
○ Externally, between AS (eBGP - external BGP)
● iBGP is used to carry
○ Some/all Internet prefixes across ISP backbone
○ Prefixes from ISP customers
● eBGP is used to
○ Exchange prefixes with other ASes
○ Implement routing policy
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eBGP & iBGP
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source: philip smith,
introduction to BGP
(http://www.bgp4all.com.au)
IGP: interior Gateway
Protocol. E.g. RIP, OSPF,
IEGRP

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External BGP Peering (eBGP)
● Between BGP speakers in different AS
● Should be directly connected
● Never run an IGP between eBGP peers
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source: philip smith,
introduction to BGP
(http://www.bgp4all.com.au)

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Internal BGP (iBGP)
● BGP peer within the same AS
● Not required to be directly connected
○ IGP takes care of inter-BGP speaker connectivity
● iBGP speakers must be fully meshed:
○ They originate connected networks
○ They pass on prefixes learned from outside the ASN
○ They do not pass on prefixes learned from other iBGP speakers
● Recommended to do peer with loopback interface
● To avoid mesh peering: AS confederation, route reflector
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source: philip smith,
introduction to BGP
(http://www.bgp4all.com.au)

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BGP on Mikrotik
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Setup instance
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Setup BGP peer
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Display peer
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Display routing table
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Demo
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QA
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End of slides
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