Routing fundamentals with mikrotik
•
5 likes•2,626 views
In this webinar, we will discuss about the basic concept of routing, try to understand how the router work, how the routing table is used to forward packets, and how to implement them with mikrotik router. we review some prior knowledge before. after attending this webinar, we expect you understand how the packet is forwarded on router.
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Viewers also liked (18)
Similar to Routing fundamentals with mikrotik
Similar to Routing fundamentals with mikrotik (20)
More from Achmad Mardiansyah
More from Achmad Mardiansyah (18)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (16)
Routing fundamentals with mikrotik
- 1. www.glcnetworks.com Routing fundamentals with Mikrotik GLC webinar, 1 December 2016 Achmad Mardiansyah achmad@glcnetworks.com GLC Networks, Indonesia
- 2. www.glcnetworks.com Agenda ● Introduction ● Layer 3 concept ● Routing ● Demo ● Q & A 2
- 3. www.glcnetworks.com What is GLC? ● Garda Lintas Cakrawala (www.glcnetworks.com) ● An Indonesian company ● Located in Bandung ● Areas: Training, IT Consulting ● Mikrotik Certified Training Partner ● Mikrotik Certified Consultant ● Mikrotik distributor 3
- 4. www.glcnetworks.com About GLC webinar? ● First webinar: january 1, 2010 (title: tahun baru bersama solaris - new year with solaris OS) ● As a sharing event with various topics: linux, networking, wireless, database, programming, etc ● Regular schedule: every 2 weeks ● Irregular schedule: as needed ● Checking schedule: http://www.glcnetworks.com/main/sc hedule ● You are invited to be a presenter ○ No need to be an expert ○ This is a forum for sharing: knowledge, experiences, information 4
- 5. www.glcnetworks.com Trainer Introduction ● Name: Achmad Mardiansyah ● Base: bandung, Indonesia ● Linux user since ’99 ● Mikrotik user since 2007 ● Certified Trainer (MTCNA/RE/WE/UME/INE/TCE) ● Mikrotik Certified Consultant ● Work: Telco engineer, Sysadmin, PHP programmer, and Lecturer ● Personal website: http://achmad.glcnetworks.com ● More info: http://au.linkedin.com/in/achmadmardiansyah 5
- 6. www.glcnetworks.com Please introduce yourself ● Your name ● Your company/university? ● Your networking experience? ● Your mikrotik experience? ● Your expectation from this course? 6
- 7. www.glcnetworks.com What is Mikrotik? ● Name of a company ● A brand ● A program (e.g. mikrotik academy) ● Headquarter: Riga, Latvia 7
- 8. www.glcnetworks.com What are mikrotik products? ● Router OS ○ The OS. Specialized for networking ○ Website: www.mikrotik.com/download ● RouterBoard ○ The hardware ○ RouterOS installed ○ Website: www.routerboard.com 8
- 9. www.glcnetworks.com What Router OS can do? ● Go to www.mikrotik.com ○ Download: what_is_routeros.pdf ○ Download: product catalog ○ Download: newsletter 9
- 10. www.glcnetworks.com What are Mikrotik training & certifications? 10 Certificate validity is 3 years
- 12. www.glcnetworks.com Layer 3 ● Logical address ● 2 versions: IPv4 (our focus) and IPv6 ● IPv4 32 bit long ● Consist of network part & host part ● Can be class based IP address (without subnet) ● Now it is classless IP address -> VLSM (variable length subnet mask) ● CIDR (classless inter domain routing) 12
- 13. www.glcnetworks.com IP spec (RFC 791) ● Defined long time ago (what 1981?) ● Defines how the IP header looks like ● Still used up to know ● New version -> IPv6 13
- 14. www.glcnetworks.com How the layer 3 address look like? ● IPv4 address is 32 bit ● Written in binary ● Displayed to human in decimal every 8 bit (octet). ● Has 2 parts: network part and host part ● Like a phone number 0812 XXXXXXXX -> hierarchical ● All devices in the network will have same network address ● First and last address cannot be used (for network id and broadcast id) 14 Network part host part
- 15. www.glcnetworks.com Layer 3 connection and addressing ● Devices that uses layer 3 information: router and host ● All devices must have a layer 3 address ● address is hierarchical ○ Network part (e.g. 192.168.0.2/26 -> the first 26 bit of all host in the network will be the same) -> show the grouping identity ○ Host part 15 192.168.0.0/26 R1 192.168.0.1/26 192.168.0.3/26 192.168.0.2/26 R3 R2 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.3.3/24 192.168.3.9/24 192.168.2.9/24 192.168.2.2/24 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.9/24
- 16. www.glcnetworks.com What is VLSM? ● Variable-Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) ● Can divide an IP address block into subnets of different sizes using / (slash) notation ● Solution the in efficient of classful IP address (fixed length). No more class A, class B, Class C -> pleeease dont say this classes anymore ● making it possible to create subnets with very different host counts without wasting large numbers of addresses. ● RFC: 1878 (1995) ● Basis for CIDR ● Example: 23.45.0.0/16 ○ 23.45.0.0/25 ○ 23.45.0.128/25 16
- 18. www.glcnetworks.com What is CIDR? ● CIDR: Classless Inter-Domain Routing (sometimes is called supernetting) ● CIDR solves problem of wasted address space by providing a new and more flexible way to specify network addresses in routers (using slash as notation) ● allow flexible allocation of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. ● Replaces classfull network (class A,B,C,D). Please dont ever mention this anymore... ● CIDR lets a routing table entry represent an aggregation of networks that exist in the forward path ● Each IP address has a network prefix that identifies either one or several network gateways. ● RFC: 1519 18
- 21. www.glcnetworks.com What is routing table? ● A table at router that is used to forward packet ● Available on every devices (router and host) ● Entry is executed sequentially 21 192.168.0.0/26 R1 192.168.0.1/26 192.168.0.3/26 192.168.0.2/26 R3 R2 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.3.3/24 192.168.3.9/24 192.168.2.9/24 192.168.2.2/24 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.9/24 destination gateway 192.168.0.0/26 direct 192.168.1.0/24 direct 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.0.2 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.0.3 192.168.16.3/32 192.168.0.2 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.3
- 22. www.glcnetworks.com When router receive a packet… (setup priority on routing table) ● Router will analyse the destination IP address ● Router will rearrange the routing entry and put priority ○ Longest prefix wins ○ Lowest distance wins 22 destination gateway 192.168.0.0/26 direct 192.168.1.0/24 direct 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.0.2 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.0.3 192.168.16.3/32 192.168.0.2 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.3 destination gateway 192.168.16.3/32 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.0/26 direct 192.168.1.0/24 direct 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.0.2 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.0.3 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.3
- 23. www.glcnetworks.com How the routing table works (R1)? ● It works like a firewall: match and action ● You should think in binary to understand how it works 23 destination gateway 192.168.16.3/32 11000000 10101000 00001000 00000011 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.0/26 11000000 10101000 00000000 00 direct 192.168.1.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000001 direct 192.168.2.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000010 192.168.0.2 192.168.3.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000011 192.168.0.3 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.3
- 24. www.glcnetworks.com A packet arrived… (part 1) Destination IP address of the packet is 192.168.16.3, which gateway do we use? A: 192.168.16.3 = (11000000 10101000 00001000 00000011) 24 destination gateway 192.168.16.3/32 11000000 10101000 00001000 00000011 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.0/26 11000000 10101000 00000000 00 direct 192.168.1.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000001 direct 192.168.2.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000010 192.168.0.2 192.168.3.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000011 192.168.0.3 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.3 MATCH
- 25. www.glcnetworks.com A packet arrived… (part 2) Destination IP address of the packet is 192.168.2.6, which gateway do we use? A: 192.168.2.6 = (11000000 10101000 00000010 00000110) 25 destination gateway 192.168.16.3/32 11000000 10101000 00001000 00000011 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.0/26 11000000 10101000 00000000 00 direct 192.168.1.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000001 direct 192.168.2.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000010 192.168.0.2 192.168.3.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000011 192.168.0.3 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.3 NOT MATCH NOT MATCH NOT MATCH MATCH
- 26. www.glcnetworks.com A packet arrived… (part 3) Destination IP address of the packet is 192.168.8.6, which gateway do we use? A: 192.168.8.6 = (11000000 10101000 00001000 00000110) 26 destination gateway 192.168.16.3/32 11000000 10101000 00001000 00000011 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.0/26 11000000 10101000 00000000 00 direct 192.168.1.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000001 direct 192.168.2.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000010 192.168.0.2 192.168.3.0/24 11000000 10101000 00000011 192.168.0.3 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.3 NOT MATCH NOT MATCH NOT MATCH MATCH NOT MATCH NOT MATCH
- 27. www.glcnetworks.com Static routing ● Entries on routing table is created manually ● Admin must manage routing table in all routers ● Admin have full control 27 192.168.0.0/26 R1 192.168.0.1/26 192.168.0.3/26 192.168.0.2/26 R3 R2 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.3.3/24 192.168.3.9/24 192.168.2.9/24 192.168.2.2/24 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.9/24 destination gateway 192.168.0.0/26 direct 192.168.1.0/24 direct 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.0.2 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.0.3 192.168.16.3/32 192.168.0.2 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.3
- 28. www.glcnetworks.com Dynamic routing ● Entries on routing table is created automatically using routing protocol (RIP, OSPF, BGP) ● Admin must have a good knowledge about routing protocol 28 192.168.0.0/26 R1 192.168.0.1/26 192.168.0.3/26 192.168.0.2/26 R3 R2 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.3.3/24 192.168.3.9/24 192.168.2.9/24 192.168.2.2/24 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.9/24 destination gateway 192.168.0.0/26 direct 192.168.1.0/24 direct 192.168.2.0/24 192.168.0.2 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.0.3 192.168.16.3/32 192.168.0.2 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.3
- 32. www.glcnetworks.com Interested? Just come to our training... Special price for webinar attendees... 32
- 33. www.glcnetworks.com End of slides ● Thank you for your attention ● Please submit your feedback: http://bit.ly/glcfeedback ● Like our facebook page: “GLC networks” ● Stay tune with our schedule 33