This document discusses BGP and its evolution. It notes that BGP is proven to scale with internet traffic growth and many services are moving to use BGP. It also provides an overview of SDN and how Cisco sees BGP being used as an abstraction method through its approach of abstraction and orchestration using APIs. Key points covered include BGP's simplicity, extensibility, high availability and role in transporting various services.

1. © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1
Miya
Kohno,
mkohno@cisco.com
Apricot
2013

2. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
2
• Bertrand
Duvivier
(bduvivie@cisco.com)
• Stefano
Previdi
(sprevidi@cisco.com)
• And
many
others!

3. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
3
• BGP
evolu*on
• SDN
in
a
nutshell
• BGP
as
an
AbstracNon
Method

4. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
4
IPv4
Prefixes
RIPE’s
domain
names
IPv6
Prefixes
AS
Number
Inter-­‐Domain
RouNng
connecNon
Explosion

5. Cisco Confidential© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 5
Source:
Cisco
Visual
Networking
Index—Forecast,
2009-­‐2014
Global
IP
Traffic
2009
2014
Video
&
MulNmedia
Mobile
Internet
BGP
is
proven
to
scale.
IT
Services
via
Cloud
300+%
Market
Growth
39X
Traffic
Increase
90%
Consumer
Traffic
Internet
Bandwidth
Explosion
IP
traffic
will
increase
4X
(767
etabytes
by
2014)

6. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
6
Simple
and
Robust
• Run
over
TCP
• Low
protocol
overhead
• Simple
FSM
• Simple
Messages
Extensible
• MulN-­‐protocols,
AFs
• Incremental
-­‐
NLRI,
PA,
Community
• Capability
NegoNaNon
• Flexible
Policy
• Many
Services
!!
HA
an
Secure
• NSR
• PIC,
Add-­‐Path
• MD5
authenNcaNon
• RPKI
validaNon
“Driven
by
PragmaNsm”,
“Not
perfect,
but
good
enough”
-­‐-­‐
Yakov
Rekhter

7. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
7
Almost
all
services
are
moving
towards
BGP
!
Service/transport
Before
2009
2012
and
future
IDR
(Peering)
BGP
BGP
+
Scalability
SP
L3VPN
BGP
BGP
+
FRR
+
Scalability
SP
MulNcast
VPN
PIM
BGP
MulNcast
VPN
DDoS
miNgaNon
CLI
BGP
flowspec
Network
Monitoring
SNMP
BGP
monitoring
protocol
Security
Filters
BGP
Sec
(RPKI)
Proximity
/
Alto
-­‐-­‐
BGP
LS
+
API/SDK
SP-­‐L3VPN-­‐DC
-­‐-­‐
BGP
Inter-­‐AS,
VPN4DC
Business
&
CE
L2VPN
LDP
BGP
PW
Sign
(VPLS)
DC
Interconnect
L2VPN
-­‐-­‐
BGP
MAC
Sign
(EVPN)
MPLS
transport
LDP
BGP
+
Label
(Unified
MPLS)
Massive
Scale
Data
Center
OSPF/ISIS
BGP
+
MulNpath
Massive
Scale
DMVPN
NHRP
/
EIGRP
BGP
+
Path
Diversity
Campus/Ent
L3VPN
BGP
BGP

8. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
8
• BGP
evoluNon
• SDN
in
a
nutshell
• BGP
as
an
AbstracNon
Method

9. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
9
Policy
AnalyEcs
OrchestraEon
Network
Agile
Feedback
Loop

10. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
10
“The
Future
of
Networking
,
and
the
Past
of
Protocols”-­‐
S.
Shenker
et
al.
hop://opennetsummit.org/talks/shenker-­‐tue.pdf

11. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
11
z
Forwarding
Plane
Control
Plane
Network
Services
Management
and
OrchestraNon
Transport
Network
Elements
and
AbstracNon
Analysis
and
Monitoring,
Performance
and
Security
OpenFlow/
SDN
Cisco
Approach
ApplicaNon
Developer
Environment
Program
for
OpEmized
Experience
Harvest
Network
Intelligence

12. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
12
ApplicaNons
...
Cloud
OS
Management
System
User
ApplicaNon
(e.g.
Cloudburst)
Inform
network
of
desired
behavior
Inform
applicaEon
of
data
intrinsically
in
the
network
Network
Element
IOS*
Agent
Cisco
ONE-­‐PK
AnalyNcs
Classifiers
QoS
Tunnels
Config
Topology
Routes
RouNng
Extensions
Cross
Connect
“AbstracNon”
and
“OrchestraNon”
APIs

13. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
13
• BGP
evoluNon
• SDN
in
a
nutshell
• BGP
as
an
Abstrac*on
Method

14. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
14
• BGP
as
an
AbstracNon
Method
-­‐ dras-­‐iet-­‐idr-­‐ls-­‐distribuNon-­‐00
-­‐ dras-­‐rfernando-­‐virt-­‐topo-­‐bgp-­‐vpn-­‐00
-­‐ dras-­‐marques-­‐l3vpn-­‐end-­‐system-­‐07
-­‐ …
• AbstracNng
BGP
-­‐ Cisco
One-­‐PK
BGP
-­‐ dras-­‐ward-­‐irs-­‐framework-­‐00
-­‐ dras-­‐keyupate-­‐irs-­‐bgp-­‐usecase-­‐01
-­‐ …

15. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
15
• dras-­‐iet-­‐idr-­‐ls-­‐distribuNon-­‐00
• One
or
more
BGP
speaker
per
rouNng
area
will
translate
LSDB/TE
into
NLRI
extensions
• Classical
BGP
operaNons
and
rules
apply
SelecNon
algorithm
Route
ReflecNon
/
propagaNon
Aoributes
• BGP
allows
mulN-­‐hop
sessions
and
hence
a
much
more
flexible
way
to
distribute
informaNon
I.e.:
no
need
to
have
layer-­‐3
adjacencies

16. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
16
• New
BGP
NLRI
for:
Link
and
Node
descriptors
Dras
tends
to
minimize
new
encoding
format
Replicate
what
available
in
ISIS
and
OSPF
encodings
• NLRI
TLVs
allow
LSDB
and
TED
encoding
With
all
aoributes
• However,
any
form
of
topology
(real,
virtualized)
can
be
encoded
Links/Nodes
can
be
aggregated:
only
adverNse
big
pipes
Links/Nodes
can
be
hidden:
only
adverNse
what
consumer
needs
• The
scheme
allows
maximum
flexibility
in
order
to
deliver
topology

17. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
17
BGP-­‐LS
Speaker
BGP-­‐LS
Speaker
BGP-­‐LS
Speaker
BGP-­‐LS
RR
Note
the
direcNon
of
the
BGP-­‐LS
NLRI
AdverNsements:
from
routers
to
BGP-­‐LS
RR
and
to
PCE/ALTO
servers
ALTO
PCE
• One
or
two
routers
per
area
redistribute
IGP
topology
into
BGP-­‐LS
NLRIs
• BGP-­‐LS
NLRI
are
sent
to
BGP-­‐LS
RR
that
reflects
them
to
ALTO
and
PCE
servers
• Nothing
is
adverNsed
to
routers

18. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
18
NPS/ALTO
Server
• InformaEon
collector
• Algorithms
• Databases
Network
Services
Layer
Policy
Database
Performance
data
Geo-­‐locaEon
NPS/
Proximity
Database
IP/MPLS
Layer
BGP-­‐LS
between
Network
and
NPS
BGP-­‐LS
between
NPS
and
upper
layer
Complete
Topology
(i.e.:
no
aggregaNon)
AggregaNon/
CustomizaNon
algorithms
Apps/CDN/Cloud
Layer

19. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
19
IP/MPLS
Fiber
λ
λ
λ
TE Tunnel
ML-PCE
Setup λ’s (PCEP)
Paths
L3 Link Topology
(BGP-LS)
Slices
TE TunnelTE Tunnel
TE Tunnel
TE Tunnel
Paths
VPN Topology
(BGP-LS)
VPN Topology
(BGP-LS)
TE Tunnels (PCEP)
DWDM
DWDM Topology
(OSPF/BGP-LS)

20. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
20
S3
S2
S1
.1
.2
.3
BGP
RR
Overlay
tunnel
(e.g.
VXLAN)
.1,
.2,
.3
Overlay
dataplane
locaNons
corresponding
to
S1,
S2,
S3
respecNvely
Source
PE
App
1. BGP
service
registraNon
to
RR
Service
capabiliNes
Dataplane
locator(s)
2. RR
now
has
complete
view
of
available
services
3. OrchestraNon
defines
chain
(S1-­‐>S2-­‐
>S3)
and
classificaNon
policy
(flow1
-­‐
>
chain1)
4. PE
classifies
traffic
based
on
policy
received
from
RR
BGP
used
to
distribute
classificaNon
policy
informaNon
to
PE
Policy
matches
flow
and
sets
next-­‐
hop
in
the
services
overlay
(e.g.
.1
for
S1)
Orches
traNon
Service
registraNon
Define
chains
Define
classificaNon
policy
(can
be
granular
or
coarse)
Ingress
packet
PCE
OpNonal
PCE
provides
“best”
path
selecNon
API
to/from
BGP
• dras-­‐rfernando-­‐virt-­‐topo-­‐bgp-­‐vpn-­‐00

21. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
21
Implements:
• BGP
Control
Plane
• XMPP
Server
Implements:
• BGP
Control
Plane
• XMPP
Server
Implements:
• BGP
Control
Plane
• XMPP
Server
Implements:
• VPN
Forwarder
• XMPP
Client
VM1
IP1,
VPN1000
VEM1
[CE1]
192.168.1.1
VSM2
[PE2]
VM1.1
IP1.1,
VPN2000
VM2
IP2,
VPN1000
VEM2
[CE2]
192.168.1.2
IP/Route
Next-­‐Hop
Label
Known
via
IP1/32
VEM1
1000
BGP
IP1.1/32
VEM1
2000
BGP
IP2/32
VEM2
1000
XMPP
BGP
VSM1
[PE1]
IP/Route
Next-­‐Hop
Label
Known
via
IP1/32
VEM1
1000
XMPP
IP1.1/32
VEM1
2000
XMPP
IP2/32
VEM2
1000
BGP
Download
VPN
table
to
VEM
Download
VPN
table
to
VEM
• dras-­‐marques-­‐l3vpn-­‐end-­‐system-­‐07

22. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
22
BGP
LS
example
Controller
Agent
(Router)
BGP
API
API
• Cisco
One-­‐PK
• I2RS

23. ©
2010
Cisco
and/or
its
affiliates.
All
rights
reserved.
23
• BGP’s
simplicity
and
extensibility
allows
it
to
evolve
even
more
• AbstracNon
is
the
essenNal
concept
of
SDN
-­‐ Programmability
-­‐ VirtualizaNon
-­‐ Tangibility
• BGP
can
be
a
method
for
abstracNon
• BGP
can
be
a
powerful
tool
also
for
SDN

24. © 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 24