Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate enlargement, is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate gland. Symptoms may include frequent urination, trouble starting to urinate, weak stream, inability to urinate, or loss of bladder control.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is an enlargement of the prostate gland resulting from an increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue and developing upward into the bladder and obstructing the outflow of urine.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is an enlargement of the prostate gland resulting from an increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue and developing upward into the bladder and obstructing the outflow of urine.
The urethra's main job in males and females is to pass urine outside the body. This thin tube also has an important role in ejaculation for men. When a scar from swelling, injury or infection blocks or slows the flow of urine in this tube, it is called a urethral stricture. Some people feel pain with a urethral stricture.
here give the knowledge that you should possess to manage acute and chronic urine retention. the lecture is more concerned about practical patient care and ward setting management. you should minimally be aware about following facts regarding urine retention. the multiple causes of retention will be discussed later in detailed manner. Direction of the lecture seems more toward BPH and acute retention management. beware there are many aspects of a patient present with an AUR. do no harm and always try to keep patient satisfaction. Let me know about your comments an Ideas. try to improve the quality. good luck.
Pyelonephritis
It is the inflammation of the kidney & upper urinary tract that usually results from the bacterial infection of the bladder.
Pyelonephritis can be classified in several different catagories:
-acute pyelonephritis
-chronic pyelonephritis
-xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
In this presentation I have shown the etiology, clinical features and treatment for both Phimosis & Paraphimosis. I have also showed various methods of circumcision for both infants and adults.
BPH also called as benign prostate hypertrophy. #nursing #nursinglecture #study #teaching. This includes the nursing care plan and management. share to others. Only for study purpose.
The urethra's main job in males and females is to pass urine outside the body. This thin tube also has an important role in ejaculation for men. When a scar from swelling, injury or infection blocks or slows the flow of urine in this tube, it is called a urethral stricture. Some people feel pain with a urethral stricture.
here give the knowledge that you should possess to manage acute and chronic urine retention. the lecture is more concerned about practical patient care and ward setting management. you should minimally be aware about following facts regarding urine retention. the multiple causes of retention will be discussed later in detailed manner. Direction of the lecture seems more toward BPH and acute retention management. beware there are many aspects of a patient present with an AUR. do no harm and always try to keep patient satisfaction. Let me know about your comments an Ideas. try to improve the quality. good luck.
Pyelonephritis
It is the inflammation of the kidney & upper urinary tract that usually results from the bacterial infection of the bladder.
Pyelonephritis can be classified in several different catagories:
-acute pyelonephritis
-chronic pyelonephritis
-xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
In this presentation I have shown the etiology, clinical features and treatment for both Phimosis & Paraphimosis. I have also showed various methods of circumcision for both infants and adults.
BPH also called as benign prostate hypertrophy. #nursing #nursinglecture #study #teaching. This includes the nursing care plan and management. share to others. Only for study purpose.
Decreased caliber and force of the stream
Problems starting(hesitancy) and stopping urine stream; post-void dribbling
Impaired bladder emptying
- high risk of infection and hydronephrosis
Urinary retention
Incontinence
Nocturia; polyuria / Dysuria
Hypertrophy of bladder wall muscle
- increased risk for bladder diverticula
Microscopic hematuria maybe present
A benign (not cancer) condition in which an overgrowth of prostate tissue pushes against the urethra and the bladder, blocking the flow of urine. Also called benign prostatic hyperplasia and BPH.
Link to article - http://heartsense.in/what-enlarged-prostate-gland/
Dr Vivek Baliga discusses why the prostate gland enlarges, what it means and how it can be managed. Patient presentation.
For academic articles, visit http://drvivekbaliga.net
A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired. This typically includes a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history, but not deeper investigation such as neuroimaging.
First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person with either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery.
Nurse Managers are required to be aware of the techniques that can help them ensure effective management of educational/service unit. Communication is one of the most important activities in the nursing management. It is the foundation upon which the manager achieves organizational objectives.
Communication is a process of change. In order to achieve the desired result, the communication necessarily is effective and purposive.
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. Sometimes, the walls of these blood vessels stretch so thin that the veins bulge and get irritated, especially when you poop. Hemorrhoids are also called piles.
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) is the pre-eminent resuscitation course for the recognition and intervention of cardiopulmonary arrest or other cardiovascular emergencies.
Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can form in the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ on the right side of your abdomen, just beneath the liver. The gallbladder holds a digestive fluid called bile that's released into the small intestine.
Pancreatitis is inflammation in the pancreas. The pancreas is a long, flat gland that sits tucked behind the stomach in the upper abdomen. The pancreas produces enzymes that help digestion and hormones that help regulate the way your body processes sugar (glucose).
Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism.
The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture and circulates blood throughout the body.
The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring. In humans, the female reproductive system is immature at birth and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to produce gametes, and to carry a fetes to full term.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease. It causes irritation, inflammation, and ulcers in the lining of your large intestine (also called your colon). There's no cure, and people usually have symptoms off and on for life
The ear is the organ of hearing and, in mammals, balance. In mammals, the ear is usually described as having three parts the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and the ear canal.
The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of most vertebrates that manipulates food for mastication and is used in the act of swallowing. It has importance in the digestive system and is the primary organ of taste in the gustatory system.
Human ear, organ of hearing and equilibrium that detects and analyzes sound by transduction (or the conversion of sound waves into electrochemical impulses) and maintains the sense of balance (equilibrium).
The human eye is an organ that reacts to light in many circumstances. As a conscious sense organ the human eye allows vision; rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision, including color differentiation and the perception of depth. The human eye can distinguish about 10 million colors.
The integumentary system is an organ system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. The skin is only a few millimeters thick yet is by far the largest organ in the body. The average person's skin weighs 10 pounds and has a surface area of almost 20 square feet.
Immunity can be defined as a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and tolerate whatever belongs to the self, and to recognize and reject what is foreign.
The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism, so as to help maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2. INTRODUCTION
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a benign enlargement of
the prostate gland.
In many patients older than 50 years, the prostate gland
enlarges, extending upward into the bladder and obstructing
the outflow of urine by encroaching on the vesicle orifice.
This condition is known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH),
the enlargement, or hypertrophy, of the prostate.
It is the most common urologic problem in male adults.
3.
4. DEFINITION
It is defined as, noncancerous increase in size of prostate gland
which involves hyperplasia of prostatic stromal and epithelial
cell resulting in formation of large, fairly discrete nodules in
transitional zone of prostate, which push on and narrow the
urethra resulting in an increase resistance to flow of urine from
the bladder.
5. INCIDENCE
Clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most
common diseases in ageing men and the most common cause of
lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
The prevalence of BPH increases after the age of 40 years,
with a prevalence of 8%–60% at age 90 years
6. RISK FACTOR
Aging. Prostate gland enlargement rarely causes signs and symptoms in
men younger than age 40. About one-third of men experience moderate to
severe symptoms by age 60, and about half do so by age 80.
Family history. Having a blood relative, such as a father or a brother, with
prostate problems means you're more likely to have problems.
Diabetes and heart disease. Studies show that diabetes, as well as heart
disease and use of beta blockers, might increase the risk of BPH.
Lifestyle. Obesity increases the risk of BPH, while exercise can lower your
risk.
7. CAUSES
The prostate gland is located beneath your bladder. The tube
that transports urine from the bladder out of your penis
(urethra) passes through the center of the prostate. When the
prostate enlarges, it begins to block urine flow.
Most men have continued prostate growth throughout life. In
many men, this continued growth enlarges the prostate enough
to cause urinary symptoms or to significantly block urine flow.
8. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Frequent or urgent need to urinate
Increased frequency of urination at night (nocturia)
Difficulty starting urination
Weak urine stream or a stream that stops and starts
Dribbling at the end of urination
Inability to completely empty the bladder
Less common signs and symptoms include:
Urinary tract infection
Inability to urinate
Blood in the urine
9. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
History collection
Physical Examination
Digital rectal exam. The doctor inserts a finger into the rectum to check the
prostate for enlargement.
Urine test. Analyzing a sample of the urine can help rule out an infection or
other conditions that can cause similar symptoms.
Blood test. The results can indicate kidney problems.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. PSA is a substance produced in
the prostate. PSA levels increase when you have an enlarged prostate.
However, elevated PSA levels can also be due to recent procedures,
infection, surgery or prostate cancer
10. CONTI…
Urinary flow test
Postvoid residual volume test. This test measures whether
you can empty the bladder completely. The test can be done
using ultrasound or by inserting a catheter into the bladder
after the urinate to measure how much urine is left in the
bladder.
24-hour voiding diary. Recording the frequency and amount
of urine might be especially helpful if more than one-third of
your daily urinary output occurs at night.
Transrectal ultrasound. An ultrasound probe is inserted into
the rectum to measure and evaluate the prostate.
11. CONTI…
Prostate biopsy. Transrectal ultrasound guides needles used
to take tissue samples (biopsies) of the prostate. Examining
the tissue can help your doctor diagnose or rule out prostate
cancer.
Urodynamic and pressure flow studies. A catheter is
threaded through the urethra into the bladder. Water or, less
commonly, air is slowly injected into your bladder. The
doctor can then measure bladder pressure and determine
how well the bladder muscles are working.
Cystoscopy. A lighted, flexible instrument (cystoscope) is
inserted into the urethra, allowing the doctor to see inside
the urethra and bladder.
12. COMPLICATION
Sudden inability to urinate (urinary retention).
Urinary tract infections (UTIs). Inability to fully empty the bladder can
increase the risk of infection in the urinary tract. If UTIs occur frequently,
you might need surgery to remove part of the prostate.
Bladder stones. These are generally caused by an inability to completely
empty the bladder. Bladder stones can cause infection, bladder irritation,
blood in the urine and obstruction of urine flow.
Bladder damage. A bladder that hasn't emptied completely can stretch
and weaken over time. As a result, the muscular wall of the bladder no
longer contracts properly, making it harder to fully empty the bladder.
Kidney damage. Pressure in the bladder from urinary retention can
directly damage the kidneys or allow bladder infections to reach the
kidneys
13. MANAGEMENT
Alpha blockers. These medications relax bladder neck muscles and muscle
fibers in the prostate, making urination easier. Alpha blockers — which
include alfuzosin (Uroxatral), doxazosin (Cardura), tamsulosin (Flomax) and
silodosin (Rapaflo) — usually work quickly in men with relatively small
prostates. Side effects might include dizziness and a harmless condition in
which semen goes back into the bladder instead of out the tip of the penis
(retrograde ejaculation).
5-alpha reductase inhibitors. These medications shrink the prostate by
preventing hormonal changes that cause prostate growth. These
medications — which include finasteride (Proscar) and dutasteride (Avodart)
— might take up to six months to be effective. Side effects include
retrograde ejaculation.
14. CONTI…
Tadalafil (Cialis). Studies suggest this medication, which is
often used to treat erectile dysfunction, can also treat prostate
enlargement
15. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
A lighted scope is inserted into the urethra, and the surgeon
removes all but the outer part of the prostate. TURP generally
relieves symptoms quickly, and most men have a stronger urine flow
soon after the procedure. After TURP you might temporarily need a
catheter to drain your bladder.
Transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP)
A lighted scope is inserted into the urethra, and the surgeon makes
one or two small cuts in the prostate gland — making it easier for
urine to pass through the urethra. This surgery might be an option if
you have a small or moderately enlarged prostate gland, especially
if you have health problems that make other surgeries too risky.
16.
17. Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
In this procedure, inserts a special electrode through the
urethra into the prostate area. Microwave energy from the
electrode destroys the inner portion of the enlarged prostate
gland, shrinking it and easing urine flow. This surgery is
generally used only on small prostates in special
circumstances because re-treatment might be necessary.
Transurethral needle ablation (TUNA)
In this procedure, a scope is passed into the urethra, allowing
to place needles into the prostate gland. Radio waves pass
through the needles, heating and destroying excess prostate
tissue that's blocking urine flow. TUNA may be an option in
select cases, but the procedure is rarely used any longer.
20. Laser therapy
A high-energy laser destroys or removes overgrown prostate tissue. Laser
therapy generally relieves symptoms right away and has a lower risk of side
effects than does nonlaser surgery. Laser therapy might be used in men
who shouldn't have other prostate procedures because they take blood-
thinning medications.
The options for laser therapy include:
Ablative procedures. These procedures vaporize obstructive prostate
tissue to increase urine flow. Examples include photoselective vaporization
of the prostate (PVP) and holmium laser ablation of the prostate. Ablative
procedures can cause irritating urinary symptoms after surgery, so in rare
situations another resection procedure might be needed at some point.
Enucleative procedures. Enucleative procedures, such as holmium laser
enucleation of the prostate, generally remove all the prostate tissue
blocking urine flow and prevent regrowth of tissue. The removed tissue can
be examined for prostate cancer and other conditions. These procedures
are similar to open prostatectomy.
21.
22. NURSING MANAGEMENT
Obtain history of voiding symptoms, including onset, frequency
of day and nighttime urination, presence of urgency, dysuria,
sensation of incomplete bladder emptying, and decreased force
of stream. Determine impact on quality of life.
Perform rectal (palpate size, shape, and consistency) and
abdominal examination to detect distended bladder, degree of
prostatic enlargement. • Perform simple urodynamic measures
uroflowmetry and measurement of postvoid residual, if
indicated.
23. PATIENT EDUCATION AND HEALTH MAINTENANCE
Explain to patient not undergoing treatment the symptoms of
complications of BPH urinary retention, cystitis, and increase in irritative
voiding symptoms.
Encourage reporting these problems.
Advise patients with BPH to avoid certain drugs that may impair voiding,
particularly OTC cold medicines containing sympathomimetics such as
phenylpropanolamine.
Advise patient that irritative voiding symptoms do not immediately resolve
after relief of obstruction; symptoms diminish over time.
Tell patient postoperatively to avoid sexual intercourse, straining at stool,
heavy lifting, and long periods of sitting for 6 to 8 weeks after surgery,
until prostatic fossa is healed.
24. CONTI….
Advise follow-up visits after treatment because urethral
stricture may occur and regrowth of prostate is possible after
TURP.
Be aware of herbal or natural products marketed for prostate
health.