The nose has several important functions including smelling, breathing, filtering air, and draining secretions. It is composed of an external nose made of cartilage and bone, and two internal nasal cavities separated by a nasal septum. The nasal cavities contain conchae which increase their surface area. They are lined with mucosa and well-vascularized. Common issues involving the nose include nosebleeds, nasal fractures, deviated septums, infections, and rhinitis.
The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of most vertebrates that manipulates food for mastication and is used in the act of swallowing. It has importance in the digestive system and is the primary organ of taste in the gustatory system.
INTRODUCTION
Tongue is a muscular organ
Situated in the floor of the mouth
FUNCTION
Taste
Speech
Mastication
Deglutition
EXTERNAL FEATURES
Tongue has
A Root
A tip
A body
ROOT
Is attached to the mandible and soft palate above and hyoid bone below.
These attachments prevent the swallowing of the tongue.
In between the 2 bones it is related to the geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles.
TIP
Of the tongue forms the anterior free end which lies behind the upper incisor teeth.
BODY
Has
A curved upper surface or dorsum
An inferior or ventral surface MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE
Middle fibrous septum divides the tongue into right and left halves.
Intrinsic muscles
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical
Extrinsic muscles
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
Nose is the part of respiratory system. External nose and nasal cavity. The visible portion that project from the face. It's skeleton is mainly cartilaginous ( small bony contributions are present). The superior bony part of the nose, including it's root, is covered by thin skin. Nasal septum has bony part vomer bone . Sometimes the deviation is so severe that the nasal septum is in contact with the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and often obstruct breathing or except snoring........................
Boundaries of the nasal cavity and often do I get to know about you guys are present for the nasal cavity and often do I need some of you thank god I was in my heart and soul mate is the nasal cavity and I can is wider than the roof. Inferior concha is the longest and border and is formed by an independent bone covered by
The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of most vertebrates that manipulates food for mastication and is used in the act of swallowing. It has importance in the digestive system and is the primary organ of taste in the gustatory system.
INTRODUCTION
Tongue is a muscular organ
Situated in the floor of the mouth
FUNCTION
Taste
Speech
Mastication
Deglutition
EXTERNAL FEATURES
Tongue has
A Root
A tip
A body
ROOT
Is attached to the mandible and soft palate above and hyoid bone below.
These attachments prevent the swallowing of the tongue.
In between the 2 bones it is related to the geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles.
TIP
Of the tongue forms the anterior free end which lies behind the upper incisor teeth.
BODY
Has
A curved upper surface or dorsum
An inferior or ventral surface MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE
Middle fibrous septum divides the tongue into right and left halves.
Intrinsic muscles
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical
Extrinsic muscles
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
Nose is the part of respiratory system. External nose and nasal cavity. The visible portion that project from the face. It's skeleton is mainly cartilaginous ( small bony contributions are present). The superior bony part of the nose, including it's root, is covered by thin skin. Nasal septum has bony part vomer bone . Sometimes the deviation is so severe that the nasal septum is in contact with the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and often obstruct breathing or except snoring........................
Boundaries of the nasal cavity and often do I get to know about you guys are present for the nasal cavity and often do I need some of you thank god I was in my heart and soul mate is the nasal cavity and I can is wider than the roof. Inferior concha is the longest and border and is formed by an independent bone covered by
Dentist in pune.(BDS. MDS) - Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi. Nose & Paranasal sinuses.All Good Things
Dentist in pune. (BDS. MDS) - Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi. Seminar- Nose & Paranasal sinuses.
Email ID- amitsuryawanshi999@gmail.com
Contact -Ph no.-9405622455
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Anatomy of nose dental courses /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Uppermost parts of the respiratory tract and contain the olfactory receptors
Elongated wedge-shaped spaces with a large inferior base and a narrow superior apex
Skeletal framework consisting mainly of bone and cartilage
Nares – external opening of nose
Choanae - open into the nasopharynx
Bones that contribute to the skeletal framework of the nasal cavities include
Unpaired: ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal bone, and vomer;
Paired: nasal, maxillary, palatine and lacrimal bones, and inferior conchae
A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired. This typically includes a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history, but not deeper investigation such as neuroimaging.
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Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease. It causes irritation, inflammation, and ulcers in the lining of your large intestine (also called your colon). There's no cure, and people usually have symptoms off and on for life
Human ear, organ of hearing and equilibrium that detects and analyzes sound by transduction (or the conversion of sound waves into electrochemical impulses) and maintains the sense of balance (equilibrium).
The human eye is an organ that reacts to light in many circumstances. As a conscious sense organ the human eye allows vision; rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision, including color differentiation and the perception of depth. The human eye can distinguish about 10 million colors.
The integumentary system is an organ system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. The skin is only a few millimeters thick yet is by far the largest organ in the body. The average person's skin weighs 10 pounds and has a surface area of almost 20 square feet.
Immunity can be defined as a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and tolerate whatever belongs to the self, and to recognize and reject what is foreign.
The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism, so as to help maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body.
The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems.
Burns are one of the most common household injuries, especially among children. The term “burn” means more than the burning sensation associated with this injury. Burns are characterized by severe skin damage that causes the affected skin cells to die.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
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2. Nose
Introduction:
• The nose is the part of the respiratory tract superior to the hard
palate
• It contains the peripheral organ of smell
Composition:
• External nose
• Nasal cavity
The nasal cavity is divided into right and left cavities by the
nasal septum
Functions:
• Olfaction (smelling)
• Respiration (breathing)
• Filtration of dust
• Humidification of inspired air
• Reception and elimination of secretions from the paranasal
sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts
3. External Nose
• Is the visible portion that projects from the face
• It's skeleton is mainly cartilaginous (small bony contributions
are present)
• The part of the external nose that extends from the root of the nose
to the apex (tip) of the nose is called the dorsum
• The inferior surface of the nose is pierced by two piriform
openings called nares (nostrils, anterior nasal apertures)
• The nares are bounded laterally by the alae (wings) of the nose
• The superior bony part of the nose, including its root, is covered by
thin skin
• The skin over the cartilaginous part of the nose is covered with
thicker skin, which contains many sebaceous glands
4.
5.
6. • The skin extends into the anterior part of the nasal cavity called the
vestibule of the nose
• The vestibule of the nose has a variable number of stiff hairs called
vibrissae
• These hairs are usually moist and these help to filter dust particles
from air entering the nasal cavity
Skeleton of the External Nose
composed of:
I. bones
II. cartilages
The bony part consists of the:
Nasal bones
Frontal processes of the maxillae
Nasal part of the frontal bone
Nasal spine
Bony parts of the nasal septum
7.
8. CLINICAL ANATOMY
Nasal Fractures
• Because of the prominence of the nose, fractures of the nasal bones are
common facial fractures in automobile accidents and sports (unless face
guards are worn)
• Epistaxis (nosebleed) usually occurs
• In severe fractures, disruption of the bones and cartilages results in
displacement of the nose.
• When the injury results from a direct blow, the cribriform plate of the
ethmoid bone may also fracture
Deviation of the Nasal Septum
• The nasal septum is usually deviated to one side or the other
• This could be the result of a birth injury, but more often the deviation results
during adolescence and adulthood from trauma (e.g., during a fist fight)
• Sometimes the deviation is so severe that the nasal septum is in contact with
the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and often obstructs breathing or
exacerbates snoring
• The deviation can be corrected surgically
9. Nasal Cavity
• Divided into right and left halves by the nasal septum
• The nasal cavity is entered anteriorly through the nares
• It opens posteriorly into the nasopharynx through the choanae
• Mucosa lines the nasal cavity, except for the nasal vestibule, which is
lined with skin
• The superior one third of the nasal mucosa forms the olfactory area
• The inferior two thirds of the nasal mucosa forms the respiratory area
• The olfactory area contains the peripheral organ of smell; sniffing
draws air to the area
• Air passing over the respiratory area is warmed and moistened before
it passes through the rest of the upper respiratory tract to the lungs
10.
11. Boundaries of the Nasal Cavity
The nasal cavity has a:
roof
floor
medial wall
lateral wall
The roof :
• is curved and narrow, except at its posterior end
• it is divided into 3 parts
frontonasal
ethmoidal
sphenoidal
• They are named from the bones forming each part
The floor:
• is wider than the roof
• is formed by the;
palatine processes of the maxilla
horizontal plates of the palatine bone
12. The medial wall :
formed by the nasal septum
The lateral walls :
• are irregular owing to three bony plates, the nasal conchae, which
project inferiorly, somewhat like louvers
Features on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
• There is the presence of nasal conchae and they curve inferomedially
• The nasal conchae include;
Superior nasal concha
middle nasal concha
inferior nasal concha
• The conchae or turbinates of many mammals (especially running
mammals and those existing in extreme environments) are highly
convoluted, scroll-like structures that offer a vast surface area for
heat exchange
• Underneath each choncha in both humans with simple nasal conchae
and animals with complex turbinates is a recess or meatus
{passage(s) in the nasal cavity}
13.
14.
15.
16. The arterial supply
The arterial supply of the medial and lateral walls of the nasal cavity is
from five sources:
• Anterior ethmoidal artery (from the ophthalmic artery)
• Posterior ethmoidal artery (from the ophthalmic artery)
• Sphenopalatine artery (from the maxillary artery)
• Greater palatine artery (from the maxillary artery)
• Septal branch of the superior labial artery (from the facial artery)
The anterior part of the nasal septum is the site (Kiesselbach area) of
an anastomotic arterial plexus involving all five arteries supplying the
septum
The external nose also receives blood from the 1st and 5th arteries
listed above plus
• nasal branches of the infraorbital artery
• lateral nasal branches of the facial artery
17. Venous drainage
• A rich submucosal venous plexus deep to the nasal mucosa drains into
the sphenopalatine, facial, and ophthalmic veins
18. CLINICALANATOMY
Epistaxis
• Epistaxis (nosebleed) is relatively common because of the rich blood
supply to the nasal mucosa
• In most cases, the cause is trauma and the bleeding is from an area in
the anterior third of the nose (Kiesselbach area)
• Epistaxis is also associated with infections and hypertension
• Spurting of blood from the nose results from rupture of arteries
• Mild epistaxis may also result from nose picking, which tears veins in
the vestibule of the nose
Rhinitis
• The nasal mucosa becomes swollen and inflamed (rhinitis) during
severe upper respiratory infections and allergic reactions
(e.g., hayfever)
• Swelling of the mucosa occurs readily because of its vascularity
19. Infections of the nasal cavities may spread to the:
• Anterior cranial fossa through the cribriform plate
• Nasopharynx and retropharyngeal soft tissues
• Middle ear through the pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube), which
connects the tympanic cavity and nasopharynx
• Paranasal sinuses
• Lacrimal apparatus and conjunctiva